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An outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high portion of the population.

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A system of of institutional racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. In the Republic of South Africa a rigid policy of segregating and economically and politically oppressing the non-white population in 1948-1991.

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Cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government.

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Joseph Desire Mobutu, 1930-1997 Congolese military and political leader, Mobutu overthrew the existing government of the Congo in 1965 and established himself as president in 1967. He renamed the country Zaire in 1971 although he died shortly after being ousted from the presidency by political insurgents in 1997.

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The Ashanti Empire was a pre-colonial West African state that emerged in the 17th century in what now is Ghana. The Ashanti or Ashante were an ethnic subgroup of the Akan-speaking people and were composed of small chiefdoms.

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Former president of South Africa. Was born on July 18, 1918 and not only was he a civil rights activist but he also became the president of South Africa.
ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994.

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An acute diarrheal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated. It is caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholera. Cholera remains a global threat to public health and in indicator of inequity and lack of social development.

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A county that relies on only one commodity like cotton or peanuts or peaches for its income. Counties like this are vulnerable because they aren't diversified or a nation that depends to varying degrees on single commodities for large percentages of their total exports.

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A mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite that if left untreated can cause severe complications and then death. A serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. Although malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death from malaria can usually be prevented.

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A basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other commodities of the same type; commodities are most often used as inputs in the production of other goods or services.

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Founded by the Phoenicians, Carthage is an extensive archaeological site, located on a hill dominating the Gulf of Tunis and the surrounding plain.. Carthage has played a central role in Antiquity as a great commercial empire.

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Major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia 7th Century CE. Islam means surrender and it illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islam- that the believer accepts surrender to the will of Allah (which is God). He is viewed as the sole God- creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world.

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Marked the climax of the European competition for territory in Africa, a process commonly known as the Scramble for Africa. During the 1870s and early 1880s European nations such as Great Britain, France, and Germany began looking to Africa for natural resources for their growing industrial sectors as well as a potential market for the goods these factories produced. As a result, these governments sought to safeguard their commercial interests in Africa and began sending scouts to the continent to secure treaties from indigenous peoples or their supposed representatives. The Berlin Conference did not initiate European colonization of Africa, but it did legitimate and formalize the process. In addition, it sparked new interest in Africa. Following the close of the conference, European powers expanded their claims in Africa such that by 1900, European states had claimed nearly 90 percent of African territory.

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King of the Belgians from 1865-1909. Keen on establishing Belgium as an imperial power, he led the first European efforts to develop the Congo River Basin, making possible the formation in 1885 of the Congo Free State. He played a significant role in the development of the modern Belgian state, he was also responsible for widespread atrocities committed under his rule.

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Colonial boundaries created by Britain to delimit Uganda, grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences complicated the establishment of a working political community after independence was won in 1962.

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Caused by a bacteria that most often affects the lungs. It is curable and preventable; it's spread from person to person through the air. You only need to inhale a few of the germs to become infected. About 1/3 of the world's population has latent TB which is when they've been infected by the bacteria but haven't become ill with disease and cannot transmit it.

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Verb: To make diverse, as in form or character; give variety to; to make or become more diverse or varied.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (can turn into aids if untreated). The human body can't get rid of HIV so you have it for life if you get it. It attacks the body's immune system and the CD4 cells which are cells used to help the immune system fight infections. Over time, HIV can destroy many of these cells making it impossible for the body to fight off infections and disease. Those infections can take advantage of the weak system and signal that a person has AIDS. No cure exists but HIV can be controlled.

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1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain it's independence. It was formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the final stage of HIV although not everyone who has HIV gets to this stage. Occurs when your immune system is badly damaged that you become vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Most people with AIDS live about 3 years unless they have the infection which without treatment is 1 year.