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Duramorph, M, Miss Emma, Monkey, Roxanol, White Stuff

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Understand the risks

Prescription opioids are powerful drugs with a high risk for dependency. Taking them in high doses, and/or in combination with other substances - particularly alcohol - can result in life-threatening respiratory distress and death.

Prescription pain relievers can cause drowsiness, constipation and slowed breathing. Taking a large single dose can cause severe respiratory depression (slowed breathing) that can lead to death. Use of painkillers with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, or general anesthetics, increases the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression.

Recent research suggests that, as a whole, opioids are not significantly better than non-opioid pain relievers in relieving acute and chronic pain.[2] This means that alternative options should first be explored with healthcare providers. If those first-line options are not effective, taken exactly as prescribed, opioid pain relievers can manage pain effectively.

Chronic use or misuse of opioids can result in physical dependence and addiction. Dependence means that the body adapts to the presence of the drug, and withdrawal symptoms occur if use is reduced or stopped. Tolerance to the drugs' effects also occurs with long-term use, so a person misusing prescription opioids must take higher doses to achieve the same or similar effects as experienced initially. Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use.

The recent epidemic of prescription opioid misuse and abuse has led to increased use of heroin.

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Prescription opioids are powerful drugs with a high risk for dependency. Taking them in high doses, and/or in combination with other substances - particularly alcohol - can result in life-threatening respiratory distress and death. Prescription pain relievers can cause drowsiness, constipation and slowed breathing.

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Warnings:

Morphine has a risk for abuse and addiction, which can lead to overdose and death. Morphine may also cause severe, possibly fatal, breathing problems. To lower your risk, your doctor should have you take the smallest dose of morphine that works, and take it for the shortest possible time. See also How to Use section for more information about addiction.

The risk for severe breathing problems is higher when you start this medication and after a dose increase, or if you take the wrong dose/strength. Taking this medication with alcohol or other drugs that can cause drowsiness or breathing problems may cause very serious side effects, including death. Be sure you know how to take morphine and what other drugs you should avoid taking with it. See also Drug Interactions section. Get medical help right away if any of these very serious side effects occur: slow/shallow breathing, unusual lightheadedness, severe drowsiness/ dizziness, difficulty waking up.

The higher strength of morphine liquid (20 milligrams per milliliter) should be used only if you have been regularly taking moderate to large amounts of an opioid pain medication. This strength may cause overdose (even death) if taken by a person who has not been regularly taking opioids. Do not confuse the dose of morphine liquid in milligrams (mg) with the dose in milliliters (mL). (See also How to Use section.)

Keep this medicine in a safe place to prevent theft, misuse, or abuse. If someone accidentally swallows this drug, get medical help right away.

Before using this medication, women of childbearing age should talk with their doctor(s) about the risks and benefits. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or if you plan to become pregnant. During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. It may slightly increase the risk of birth defects if used during the first two months of pregnancy. Also, using it for a long time or in high doses near the expected delivery date may harm the unborn baby. To lessen the risk, take the smallest effective dose for the shortest possible time. Babies born to mothers who use this drug for a long time may develop severe (possibly fatal) withdrawal symptoms. Tell the doctor right away if you notice any symptoms in your newborn baby such as crying that doesn't stop, slow/shallow breathing, irritability, shaking, vomiting, diarrhea, poor feeding, or difficulty gaining weight.

This medication is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. Morphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

How to use morphine oral

Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start taking morphine and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. You may take this drug with or without food. If you have nausea, it may help to take this drug with food. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about other ways to decrease nausea (such as lying down for 1 to 2 hours with as little head movement as possible).

If you are using the liquid form of this medication, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. Ask your pharmacist or doctor if you are not sure how to check or measure the dose.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose, take the medication more frequently, or take it for a longer time than prescribed. Properly stop the medication when so directed.

Pain medications work best if they are used when the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the pain has worsened, the medication may not work as well.

If you have ongoing pain (such as due to cancer), your doctor may direct you to also take long-acting opioid medications. In that case, this medication might be used for sudden (breakthrough) pain only as needed. Other pain relievers (such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen) may also be prescribed with this medication. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using morphine safely with other drugs.

Suddenly stopping this medication may cause withdrawal, especially if you have used it for a long time or in high doses. To prevent withdrawal, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. Tell your doctor or pharmacist right away if you have any withdrawal symptoms such as restlessness, mental/mood changes (including anxiety, trouble sleeping, thoughts of suicide), watering eyes, runny nose, nausea, diarrhea, sweating, muscle aches, or sudden changes in behavior.

When this medication is used for a long time, it may not work as well. Talk with your doctor if this medication stops working well.

Though it helps many people, this medication may sometimes cause addiction. This risk may be higher if you have a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol). Take this medication exactly as prescribed to lower the risk of addiction. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details.

Tell your doctor if your pain does not get better or if it gets worse.

Are you currently using morphine oral?

This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department.

Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

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Morphine Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD

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Warnings: Morphine has a risk for abuse and addiction, which can lead to overdose and death. Morphine may also cause severe, possibly fatal, breathing problems. To lower your risk, your doctor should have you take the smallest dose of morphine that works, and take it for the shortest possible time.

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Morphine works for everybody

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Morphine is used in medicine for sedating patients with acute, or chronic conditions. The milky substance found in the seedpod of the poppy plant is the natural source of morphine. When dried, it is used for making opium, which contains morphine, together with other alkaloids. But how does morphine work, exactly? We review here and invite your questions about morphine at the end.

How does morphine work in the body?

In general, the use of morphine results in relief from physical pain. But morphine can also arouse the cough reflex and give the feeling of constant hunger. After administration is absorbed into the blood and morphine stays in the body and is delivered to all its organs. Many people don't know that there is lower concentration of morphine in the brain and muscles compared to the kidneys, lung and liver. And a small portion goes directly to the milk of nursing women.

How does morphine affect the brain and nervous system?

The biggest effects of taking morphine take place in the receptors of the nervous system. Different branches of receptors (m, k and d) are involved in various actions, urges, and processes on a molecular level.
m 1-receptors are involved in: m 2-receptors are involved in: k-receptors are involved in: d-receptors are involved in:
How fast or quickly does morphine work?

There are many ways to take morphine, such as oral, intravenous or rectal. And the speed at which morphine works depends on the dose and the route of administration. For example, morphine injection has nearly instantaneous effect. But in, general, it could take from 15 to 60 minutes for the effects of morphine to manifest.

How long does morphine work?

Morphine actually has a short half life of 1.5 to 7 hours, except for patients who are renally impaired. (who can feel the drug effects longer than usual). Effects of narcosis and analgesia (loss of sense of pain and not loosing consciousness) can last longer for older patients.

One of the measurable effects of morphine use is gastric activities, especially constipation. In this way, morphine works to hold on to food forlonger than 12 hours, while the absorption of other orally administered drugs is totally disabled. Additionally, the normal sensitivity of the respiratory system is stabilized within 2 to 3 hours after morphine use, but the capacity of the air volume remains unstable for up to 5 hours.

How does morphine work better?

Morphine is available in several prescribed forms, such as injections, oral solutions, tablets and capsules etc. Since it is considered to be a strong painkiller, often users take bigger doses of morphine than prescribed. While there is no strict upper limit to morphine that is safe, an oral dose of 0.3g to 0.4g or morphine can be lethal.

Does morphine work for everyone?

Yes, morphine can work for everyone as a sedative and pain reliever. However, it works for everyone differently, depending on a few factors. One factor is dosage, which will be different for each individual. For example, someone who is opioid tolerant, can take higher doses of morphine than an opioid naive person.Other factors are the route of administration, previous exposure to morphine and development of signs of addiction to morphine. Once a patient is tolerant to one opiate, s/he develops tolerance to other opiates and opioids.

Morphine use questions

Do you still have questions about using morphine or how morphine works? Please leave your questions or comments in the section below. We do our best to respond to you personally and promptly.

PUBCHEM: Morphine

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Morphine is used in medicine for sedating patients with acute, or chronic conditions. The milky substance found in the seedpod of the poppy plant is the natural source of morphine. When dried, it is used for making opium, which contains morphine, together with other alkaloids. But how does morphine work, exactly?

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1: Is habit-forming
2: Increase the Brain, pain tolerance
3: Use by soldduring the Civil War

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Morphine is a painkiller used during medical procedures and for acute and chronic pain management.

Its effects include decreased pain, euphoria and relaxation.

The drug is habit-forming, and people can develop a dependence on it even if they take it as prescribed by a doctor.

Withdrawal symptoms include stomach cramps, diarrhea, irritability, high blood pressure and muscle aches.

Morphine abuse can lead to tolerance to the drug, which can cause users to take higher doses to achieve the same effects. This increases their chance of overdose.

Overdose symptoms include constricted pupils, cold and clammy skin, loss of muscle strength, confusion, low blood pressure and cardiac arrest.

What Is Morphine?

Morphine is a pain medication that belongs to the opiate drug class and is considered a narcotic. First extracted in the 19th century, morphine originates from the opium plant. It was first used as a painkiller for soldiers during the American Civil War. ¹

Morphine can be used for both acute and chronic symptoms of pain, though long-term use must be closely monitored because of the high risk for abuse and dependency. It is most commonly used to manage symptoms of pain following a myocardial infarction (i.e., heart attack) or during medical procedures.

How It Affects the Brain

Morphine has widespread effects on the opioid mu-receptors in the central nervous system, as well as on smooth muscle tissue typically found in the gastrointestinal tract. ²Moreover, evidence suggests that morphine increases the brain's tolerance to pain, while still maintaining awareness of pain sensations. 1, 2

Street Names for Morphine

How Is It Used?

Morphine is available in tablet or liquid solution forms. People who abuse morphine generally take the tablets orally or inject the solution directly into their bloodstream. Some people will crush the tablets and snort them for a more potent high.With continued use, people develop a tolerance to the effects of the drug and begin to need increasing amounts to both achieve the desired high and prevent the onset of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms.

Treatment Options and How to Pay for Recovery

Recovery options for people with morphine addiction include 12-step programs, inpatient or outpatient.

Finding a Rehab Program

Some people find it helpful to research a few recovery morphine options before beginning a program.

You can think through whether you want to travel away from home, how much you're willing to pay and which kind of program suits your life situation.

Paying for Treatment

A morphine addiction treatment program will vary depending on:

The program's length or how long you stay.

Whether it has luxury amenities such as spa treatments, horseback riding or fine dining.

Whether the program is inpatient or outpatient.

What your insurance covers or how you choose to pay for treatment.

The program's location.

Whether you have insurance or not, you can still find a rehabilitation center that will help you overcome your addiction to morphine.

Morphine Effects

Short-Term Effects

The short-term effects of morphine include:

Side Effects

The side effects of morphine include:

Depression.

Irritability or agitation.

Constipation.

Abdominal pain.

Nausea and vomiting.

Difficulty sleeping.

Loss of memory.

Heart failure.

Circulatory collapse.

Headache.

Muscle tremors or seizures.

Pupil constriction.

Vision problems.

Hives, rash or itching.

Decreased heart and breathing rate.

High or low blood pressure.

Loss of consciousness.

Coma.

Long-Term Effects

Some of the most common long-term effects of continued misuse of morphine include:

Tolerance and dependence/addiction.

Disregarding work and school responsibilities.

Problems with interpersonal relationships.

Mental health problems.

Serious physical health problems, particularly if the drug is injected: HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, collapsed veins and blood and skin infections.

Long-term use of morphine can also lead to respiratory distress because the drug slows down the respiratory and central nervous systems.

Signs and Symptoms of Addiction

An ongoing addiction to morphine can deeply impact a number of factors that contribute to overall quality of life. Some of the most common signs of morphine addiction include:

Difficulty at work or school.

Increase in physical problems (such as headaches, nausea, chest pain, irregular heartbeat).

Mood changes.

Erratic behavior.

Losing interest in almost all usual activities.

Difficulties with relationships.

Excessive interest in the substance.

Withdrawal symptoms when use of the substance stops.⁴

Using morphine in a way that was not prescribed (e.g., crushing pills for nasal or IV use).

Visiting multiple health care professionals for prescriptions.

How Addictive Is Morphine?

People can become addicted to morphine even if they take their dose exactly as prescribed.

People can develop a physical dependency on morphine, even if they take their dose exactly as prescribed by their doctor.

Taking more than the prescribed dose of morphine greatly increases one's risk of developing dependence. As tolerance mounts, and morphine abuse continues untreated, the user is at serious risk of developing a dangerous and potentially life-threatening addiction.

Compared to other types of substance abuse, morphine addiction appears to be quite difficult to manage. Morphine users experience greater relapse rates than individuals in treatment for other types of drug abuse. ³

Withdrawal Symptoms

Withdrawal symptoms can emerge within 36 hours of not taking morphine, and peak at around 36 to 72 hours.

Overdose Symptoms

Overdose can occur with morphine, resulting in a profound depression of the central nervous system and a slowing down of the respiratory system. If you or someone you know may be suffering from morphine overdose, call 911 immediately or visit the local emergency room.

Symptoms of Morphine Overdose

Increased Risk With Tolerance

Over time, morphine abuse can lead to very high levels of tolerance. This means that the person requires higher doses of the drug to feel the effects. At the same time, the dangerous effects of the drug on the body, such as slowed breathing, may occur at lower doses. This phenomenon can drastically increase the person's risk for overdose.

How Many People Abuse It?

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, in 2014 more than 20% of adults over the age of 26 were reported to have abused a prescription medication such as morphine at some point in their lifetime. ⁵

Findings from this same study suggest that prescription drug use is highest between 18 and 25 years of age.

Find Treatment for Morphine Addiction

No one should have to battle addiction alone. Morphine is a very addictive and dangerous drug that, if left untreated, could be fatal.

If you or someone you love is struggling with morphine abuse, don't hesitate to call 1-888-319-2606 Who Answers? and speak with a treatment support specialist about rehabilitation options.

Sources

[1]. Kilpatrick GJ, Smith TW. Morphine-6-glucuronide: Actions and mechanisms. 2005;25:521-544.

[2]. Trescot AM, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H. Opioid pharmacology. 2008;11:S133-53.

[3]. Novak B, Hudlicky T, Reed J, Mulzer J, Trauner D. Morphine synthesis and biosynthesis: An update. 2000; 4:343-362.

[4]. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Arlington, VA American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.

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Morphine is a painkiller used during medical procedures and for acute and chronic pain management. Its effects include decreased pain, euphoria and relaxation. The drug is habit-forming, and people can develop a dependence on it even if they take it as prescribed by a doctor.

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Generic Name: morphine (MOR feen)
Brand Names: Arymo ER, Kadian, MorphaBond ER, MS Contin

Medically reviewed by Sanjai Sinha, MD Last updated on Nov 4, 2019.

What is morphine?

Morphine is an opioid medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic.

Morphine is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Short-acting formulations are taken as needed for pain.

The extended-release form of morphine is for around-the-clock treatment of pain. This form of morphine is not for use on an as-needed basis for pain.

Important Information

You should not take morphine if you have severe asthma or breathing problems, a blockage in your stomach or intestines, or a bowel obstruction called paralytic ileus.

Morphine can slow or stop your breathing, and may be habit-forming MISUSE OF OPIOID MEDICINE CAN CAUSE ADDICTION, OVERDOSE, OR DEATH, , especially in a child or other person using the medicine without a prescription. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it.
Taking opioid medicine during pregnancy may cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. Fatal side effects can occur if you use opioid medicine with alcohol, or with other drugs that cause drowsiness or slow your breathing.
Before taking this medicine

You should not take this medicine if you have ever had an allergic reaction to morphine or other narcotic medicines, or if you have:

Do not use morphine if you have used an MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days. A dangerous drug interaction could occur. MAO inhibitors include isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine, and others.

To make sure morphine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had:

breathing problems, sleep apnea;

a drug or alcohol addiction, or mental illness;

urination problems;

liver or kidney disease; or

problems with your gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid.

If you use opioid medicine while you are pregnant, your baby could become dependent on the drug. This can cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in the baby after it is born. Babies born dependent on opioids may need medical treatment for several weeks.

Do not breast-feed while taking morphine. This medicine can pass into breast milk and cause drowsiness, breathing problems, or death in a nursing baby.

How should I use morphine?

Take morphine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides. Never use morphine in larger amounts, or for longer than prescribed. Tell your doctor if you feel an increased urge to take more of this medicine.

Never share opioid medicine with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction. MISUSE CAN CAUSE ADDICTION, OVERDOSE, OR DEATH. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it. Selling or giving away opioid medicine is against the law.

Stop taking all other around-the-clock narcotic pain medications when you start taking morphine.

Swallow the capsule or tablet whole to avoid exposure to a potentially fatal overdose. Do not crush, chew, break, open, or dissolve.

Measure liquid medicine carefully. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon).

Do not stop using morphine suddenly, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Ask your doctor how to safely stop using this medicine.

Never crush or break a tablet or capsule to inhale the powder or mix it into a liquid to inject the drug into your vein. This practice has resulted in death with the misuse of morphine and similar prescription drugs.

Store at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and light. Keep track of your medicine. You should be aware if anyone is using it improperly or without a prescription.

Do not keep leftover opioid medication. Just one dose can cause death in someone using this medicine accidentally or improperly. Ask your pharmacist where to locate a drug take-back disposal program. If there is no take-back program, flush the unused medicine down the toilet.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Morphine is sometimes taken only once per day, and sometimes 2 or 3 times per day. Since this medicine is used for pain, you are not likely to miss a dose. If you do miss a dose, take the medicine as soon as you remember. Then take your next dose as follows:

If you take morphine 3 times per day: Take your next dose 8 hours after taking the missed dose.

If you take morphine 2 times per day: Take your next dose 12 hours after taking the missed dose.

If you take morphine 1 time per day: Take your next dose 24 hours after taking the missed dose.

Do not take two doses at one time. Do not take more than your prescribed dose in a 24-hour period.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. A morphine overdose can be fatal, especially in a child or other person using the medicine without a prescription. Overdose symptoms may include slow heart rate, severe drowsiness, muscle weakness, cold and clammy skin, pinpoint pupils, very slow breathing, or coma.

What should I avoid while using morphine?

Do not drink alcohol. Dangerous side effects or death could occur.

Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how this medicine will affect you. Dizziness or drowsiness can cause falls, accidents, or severe injuries.

Morphine side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to morphine: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Opioid medicine can slow or stop your breathing, and death may occur. A person caring for you should seek emergency medical attention if you have slow breathing with long pauses, blue colored lips, or if you are hard to wake up.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

slow heart rate, sighing, weak or shallow breathing, breathing that stops during sleep;

chest pain, fast or pounding heartbeats;

extreme drowsiness, feeling like you might pass out; or

nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, dizziness, worsening tiredness or weakness.

Seek medical attention right away if you have symptoms of serotonin syndrome, such as: agitation, hallucinations, fever, sweating, shivering, fast heart rate, muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Serious side effects may be more likely in older adults and those who are malnourished or debilitated.

Long-term use of opioid medication may affect fertility (ability to have children) in men or women. It is not known whether opioid effects on fertility are permanent.

Common morphine side effects may include:

drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness;

constipation, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting;

sweating; or

feelings of extreme happiness or sadness.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect morphine?

Opioid medication can interact with many other drugs and cause dangerous side effects or death. Be sure your doctor knows if you also use:

other narcotic medications - opioid pain medicine or prescription cough medicine;

drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing - a sleeping pill, muscle relaxer, tranquilizer, antidepressant, or antipsychotic medicine; or

drugs that affect serotonin levels in your body - a stimulant, or medicine for depression, Parkinson's disease, migraine headaches, serious infections, or prevention of nausea and vomiting.

This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with morphine, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed here.

Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use morphine only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
Medical Disclaimer

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Morphine: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com

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Generic Name: morphine (MOR feen) Brand Names: Arymo ER, Kadian, MorphaBond ER, MS Contin Medically reviewed by Sanjai Sinha, MD Last updated on Nov 4, 2019. Morphine is an opioid medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic. Morphine is used to treat moderate to severe pain.

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It is a narcotic

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To get rid of pain