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The traditional costume worn by the females normally is worn with a belt consisting of silver doller coins (ruppiah).

Three belts:  for the unmarried
two belts:  for the married
one belt: for a widow or any older woman.

Other accessories that are used together with the traditional costume are:

Titimbak Hairpin to decorate and fasten the hairbun.
Tiningkokos Brass or silver spiral bracelet.
Gohong Brass or silver bracelets.
Hamai Necklace.
Simbong Earrings.
Paun Brooch of gold coin(s).

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Fruits

They also plants fruits like pineapple, jackfruit, and rambutan. These fruits are plant around the house, garden, and in fruit orchards located in the hills areas.

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Farming

Kadazan people also planting corn, cassava, tobacco, and vegetables such as sweet temu, spinach, pumpkins, petola, beans, peppers, and chillies.

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'Brave Paramount Thinker of the KadazanDusun community was bestowed on Dr. Jeffrey in recognition

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Huguan Siou

-Is an institutionalised Paramount Leadership of the Koisaan.
-Has the power and responsibility to bestow the Kadazandusun Paramount Leadership Title "Huguan Siou" rests with the KDCA, which, upon the vacancy of the Huguan Siou's Office.
-It also may hold an Extraordinary Delegate's Conference to specifically resolve the installation of their Huguan Siou.

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SOCIETY STRUCTURES

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Catch fish

The Kadazan people also catch fish in paddy fields, ponds and rivers with fishing nets, and fishing gear such ad the traditional “siud”, “SAVAK”, “traps”, “bangkala” and “tambong”. Kadazan people from Tatana tribea at the district of Kuala Penyu, is one of tribe that worked as a fisherman.

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Rice farmer

The Kadazan community known as rice farmers and a major producer of rice in Sabah. They harvest rice using traditional methods such as using a sickle, knives and “linggaman”. In the past they practice nomadic farming. They keep the rice in the tice huts and place it in the rice granary called “tangkop”. They plowed fields by using the old way using buffalo energy and hoe.

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DEMOGRAPHY OF KADAZAN DUSUN

- the population of Kadazandusun in 1960 is 32%, the highest among other population. In 2010, their population decreased to 17.82% which is 556 000 people.

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ECONOMY ACTIVITIES

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1) In 1994, a prominent Kadazandusun leader TanSri Datuk Seri Panglima Bernard G. Dompok proposed to the Federal Government that the Kadazandusun language be taught in schools in Sabah.

2) it was made possible two years after that. In 1996, the Education Act 1996 states that "indigenous languages shall be made available if it is reasonable and practical"

3) The kadazandusun language is spoken by about 750000 speakers living in districts in Sabah.
However, the language is spoken in different dialects sepending on the location.

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EXAMPLES

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1. Nur Ellyssa Bt Hisamuddin

2. Goh Li Qing (Jess)

3. Ng Kai Ling

4. Mia Sari

5. Kelvin Leung Wen Hao

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TRADITIONAL ART

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TRADITIONAL FOOD

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Death
-No one must do any kind of work on the day of the funeral (eg: planting rice). It brings misfortune.
-While the body is still in the house, all occupants must stay awake. Whoever fall asleep will be doused with water. The purpose of keeping awake is to watch out for the devil (a large bird will try to fly away with the body).
-Prevent a cat from jumping over the outstretched corpse, if this happens the dead man will be transformed into a dangerous and terrifying giant.

Marriage
-Cannot cancel engagement. If not, the one who cancel it need to pay all or half amount that have been discussed.
-Before the bride and groom are allowed step into the house, the host family man / woman singing or "SelakohanSinding". ‘SelakohanSinding’ is welcoming new bride.
-Anything that related to engagement must be settled during morning time. Not during evening and night.
-Engagement date is fixed by the agreement of both parties. The days are not in the odd number of odd and in a good month

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Birth
-Mother cannot eat buffalo meat or she will age quickly.
-She may not wash her hair for a month. If she washes her hair before that, it may cause her to be mentally impaired when she is older.
-Do not cut her fingernails, the wind may come into her body and make her sick.

Pregnancy
-Not allowed to wander outside for the children born would be ill with skin diseases or walk away from home.
-Must not ridicule any animals or handicapped person, the baby may be born to such traits.
-Must not step over the rope to which a buffalo is tied as the birth of the baby will be delayed to ten or eleven months.

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- Begins on the first of May
- Celebrate throughout the month of May each year.
- It culminates in the grand Harvest Festival Celebration on the 30th and 31st of May at the Hongkod Koisaan
- Celebration to honour the Rice Spirit : Bambaazon

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LOCAL NORM

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Traditional Costume For The KadazanDusuns of Kiulu, Tamparuli and Tuaran.

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Traditional Costume For The Kadazan Dusuns of Tambunan Keningau and Tenom.

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Traditional Costume For The KadazanDusuns of Kota Belud and Kota Marudu.

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Traditional Costume For The KadazanDusuns of Penampang and Papar.

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Besides, the headcover of handwomen kain kasar which is called “siga” is also worn to complete a look.
"Siga" can be either folded or twisted.
They wear it for ceremonial purposes such as Harvest Festival.
The material for making "siga" is cotton.
-It is come from a "fruit" called Kapok.
-The dyes also comes from plants.

These costumes have retained much of their original design and color and has not been influenced by many changes over the years.

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As for the men, their traditional costume is almost similar to the ladies.
"Gaung" and "Souva" is the traditional garments of the ethnic Kadazandusun men. "Gaung" is a long-sleeved shirt without embroidery.
It is decorated with gold trimming and gold buttons on now days.

"Souva" ia a black trousers worn with:-
-waistband that is “toogot”
-gold trimming on the seams along the hips for modern trousers

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LADIES ATTIRE

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MEN ATTIRE

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A Kadazan dusun lady wearing the traditional costume normally emphasize the slimness of their waist is considered as beautiful.

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The traditional costumes of the women is the black blouse with gold trimmings called "Siya" or "Sinuangga".
"Sinuangga" is a blouse with short sleeves and U-neck worn by younger women. It is having sober embroidery along the opening for head and arms, and along the seams at the sides and along the middle of the back which is red, yellow and cream cotton yarn.
There are normally 8 gold buttons (kubamban) down the front of the blouses and an equal number of the similar buttons are stitched on the sleeves.

The basic material for making sinuangga:-
-black commercial fabric
-silk or velvet for ceremonial occasions

"Siya" is with:-
-a plain white blouse (simis)
-a black velvet knee-length or long skirt or sarong (gonob) is paired with the blouse.

The lenght of the sleeves worn by women represent their age:-
-short sleeved blouses are worn by the younger generation
-¾ sleeves are traditionally worn by middle-aged ladies
-long sleeves(kihongon) are worn by the older generation and as well as female ritual specialists.

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“Tapi” and "Sinuangga" is known as the traditional garments for Kadazandusun women.
“Tapi” is a long cylindrical wrap-skirt and formerly of plain black cotton.
Now days, it is often enlivened with:-
-siring which is gold trimming
-running over the hips
-in front of the skirt, crossed by another band of trimming from the waist down.

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TRADITIONAL ATTIRES

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1.The coming of christian missionaries
-white missionary priest introduced christianity to the ancestors of the kadazan
-majarity of christan kafazan are catholics,followed by anglicans and other christian denominations
2. Islamic belief
-kadazan ancestors has been exposed to the islamic region since the river valley on the west coast of North Borneo were under the control of Brunei's pangirans.
Most of them became muslim as a result of marriage to a Muslim man or woman.

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DIFFERENCES IN BELIEFS

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The majority of the Kadazans are Christians, mainly Roman Catholics and some Protestants.
Islam is also practised by a growing minority.

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In a village, you may find people who have different religious beliefs such as Christians, animists or Muslims.

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1. Animist belief
Kadazan ancestors practised a religious belief is animistic in nature. They believe that every object such as tree has a guardian spirit. This is still practised by many kadazan (or Dusuns) especially those who have not converted to any of the “modern day” religious.

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- Classify under animistic belief.
- involve belief in some omen, good or bad, just because a certain event occurs.
- For example, a group that is on the way to arrange for engagement may abort the journey if the group encounters a big monitor lizard or hears a bird's call.

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BELIEF SYSTEM

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• Traditional dish derived from the interior trunk of the sago palm.

• Ambuyat is simply a bland starchy blob which is similar to the tapioca starch

• Can be serve with the Pinasakan and Bambangan.

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Traditional Kadazan cuisine involves mostly boiling or grilling which employs little use of oil, and with locally unique modifications and nuances as well as particular usage of locally available ingredients, particularly bamboo shoots, sago and fresh water fish.

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Magunatip, the Warrior Dance of Borneo Headhunters

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- derived from the word 'atip' meaning to press between two surfaces

-welcome guest, worship the spirit and drive off evil spirits

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* Wild mango with unmistakable smell.
* Skin of this fruit when ripe is very sweet and almost brown.
* Pickling with salt and sliced spicy peppers.

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(turalu or tuahi, bungkau and sompotan)
this musical instrument is played through blowing or puffing

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- Tradition dish made from fish. (A freshwater fish rather than a sea water or ocean fish)

- The fish is cleaned and salted, then rice and the spice Pangi or Pangium edible is added.

- This fish is fermented or pickled in a jar for a minimum of two weeks prior to eating.

- Enjoy with rice or fried noodles.

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Wedding, harvest festival, celebration and anniversaries                       -

Perform their dance in pair. Dressed all in black with golden yellow stripes

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* Braised basung fish mixed with takob akob (a tangy wild fruit mainly harvested for its skin), fresh turmeric and salt

* Pinasakan is another type of preserved food and is good to be eaten sans heating for days.

* Can be eaten with rice without heat or fire. Beneficial in the hot, humid weather of Malaysia.

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(tongkungon, harps, sundatang or gagayan).
Musical instruments which source of sound comes from strings, the resulting sound comes from strings plucked or struck

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• Sabahan Kadazandusun delicacy made from wild ginger.
• Diced into tiny pieces, and mixed with diced chilli and diced scallion, and pickled using salt and vinegar.

• Popular local appetizer, served pickled and consumed with white rice.

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• Salad type dish

• Made from shark meat or any raw fish, bitter gourd, ginger, vinegar, lime, bird's eye peppers, red and green onions and salt.

Similar in concept to the South American ceviche.