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Evolution is defined as the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. Evolution is a natural part of life, and is essential to an organism's survival.

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The idea of organisms evolving from another type started from as far back as Ancient Greece, formulated by pre-Socratic philosophers. The idea survived into the Roman times.

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Due to the Medieval era having a tenuous grasp on nature, belief of evolution was not common. However, Aristotle gave a theory of organisms being metaphysically related to past ancestors. This was because everything had to do with the universe and the cosmic deities in Aristotle's mind. This idea bled into the Middle Ages, along with weaving its way into Christianity.

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In the 17th century, Aristotle's theories were dismissed, as the new rule in the scientific community was everything had to be based in laws and preexisting facts. John Ray proposed that organisms could be defined by the traits that they perpetuate generation by generation.

Many naturalists theorized about evolution. These included French scientists from the 1700's, to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and his transmutation theory. Larmarckism was a huge step forward, but still wasn't the key theory needed.

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Charles Darwin made that key theory. Noting that population growth would lead to a struggle for survival, in which the ones who had traits favorable to their environment would survive. As such, many offspring would perish, and the ones who learned to adapt would survive. This is called "Natural Selection."

Darwin developed his theory of natural selection from 1838 onwards, to releasing a publication detailing his theory to the masses. His paper was written in such a way that it led to a wide acceptance of his theory.

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The components of regenerative heritability and the beginning of new attributes remained a secret. Towards this end, Darwin built up his temporary hypothesis of pangenesis. In 1865, Gregor Mendel revealed that qualities were acquired in an anticipated way through the free variety and isolation of elements (later known as genes). Mendel's laws of legacy in the end supplanted the majority of Darwin's pangenesis theory. August Weismann made the essential qualification between germ cells that offer ascent to gametes, (for example, sperm and egg cells) and the physical cells of the body, showing that heredity goes through the germ line as it were. Hugo de Vries associated Darwin's pangenesis hypothesis to Weismann's germ/soma cell qualification and recommended that Darwin's pangenes were amassed in the cell core and when communicated they could move into the cytoplasm to change the cells structure.

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In the 1920s and 1930s the so-called modern synthesis connected natural selection, mutation theory, and Mendelian inheritance into a unified theory that applied generally to any branch of biology. The modern synthesis explained patterns observed across species in populations, through fossil transitions in palaeontology, and complex cellular mechanisms in developmental biology. Since the start of the 21st century, the advent of new DNA studies playing into evolution is only bound to grow.

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VIST - the process in which evolution occurs(variation, inheritance, selection, and time)

Natural Selection - the process of survival and reproduction of organisms, where the surviving organisms most likely have traits that are favorable to the environment

Mutation - the changing of the structure of a gene, bringing about a variation shape that might be transmitted to resulting eras, caused by the adjustment of single base units in DNA, or the cancellation, inclusion, or reworking of bigger segments of gene or chromosomes.

Migration/Gene Flow - the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another

Divergent Evolution - the evolution of two organisms gradually become increasingly different.

Convergent Evolution - species of different ancestry evolve in the same environment, leading to shared traits

Parallel Evolution - two species evolve independently, but still maintain shared traits.

Sexual Selection - natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex.

Genetic Drift - the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to a random sampling of organisms

Homologous Structures - when an organ or a bone appears in different animals, highlighting that the two organisms may share a common ancestor.

Vestigial Organs - a rather useless organ in humans that correspond to an actual functional organ for ancestral animals

Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny - the development of an organism(ontogeny) expresses all the intermediate forms of its ancestors throughout evolution(phylogeny)

Molecular Evolution - the process of change within the genetic code of an organism across generations.