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1. Why were there a lot of pictures of the Black Plague?

2.Why do they think that the early Christian era of art and architecture is better put in the Middle Ages?

3. Did a lot of people express themselves through art?

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1. Why were the Muslim Turks attacking the Christians?

2. Did the crusaders think that killing the Muslims was doing good by God?

3. Did the Christians pick themselves back up after all the crusades?

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1. Did nobles just support the church or did they do more?

2. What did people do when they got done with their pilgrimage?

3. Why couldn't most people read or write?

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Monks were men who joined monasteries

Men became monks to seek refuge from war, sickness, or sinfulness

Saint Benedict was a man in western Europe

Benedict developed the monastic life

His followers became known as Benedictines

Benedictines made three solemn vows, which were poverty, chastity, and obedience

Monks spent their life praying, studying, and working

Attended 8 church services a day

They cared for the poor and sick,teaching, and writing religious texts

Monks copied books by hand and created beautiful illuminated manuscripts

Women who became nuns lived in convents

Nuns did many of the same jobs as monks did

Many nuns became important reformers and thinkers

Both monks and nuns joined religious orders

Franciscan friars traveled among the ordinary people to preach and to care for the poor

Lived in complete poverty and had to beg for their food

They were also called mendicants, which means “beggar”

Francis believed that all living things should be treated with respect

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Most celebrations had connections to the church

Almost every day of the year was dedicated to a Christian saint

The word “holiday” comes from “holy day”

Two of the greatest holidays were Christmas and Easter

Christmas was a day to celebrate the birth of Christ

There were no Christmas trees, but people did decorate their homes

On Christmas day, they would attend church

Easter is the day they celebrated the Resurrection

The Resurrection was when Jesus raised from the dead

Music, dancing, and food were all apart of all the holidays

Plays were popular during holidays

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Most schooling was in monasteries, convents, and cathedrals

Encouraged church to read and write

Scholars began to use lower case letters to make it easier to write

The clergy were most likely be the ones to be educated

Most of the students in church schools were sons of nobles

In the 1200s, cathedral schools gave rise to universities

Students in universities studied latin grammar and rhetoric

Books at that time were handwritten and rare

Church taught people to be guided by faith

Thomas Aquinas, an italian scholar of philosophy and theology tried to bridge the gap between reason and faith

Aquinas’s concept of natural law stated that there was an order built into nature that could guide people’s thinking about right and wrong

Natural law agreed with the moral teaching of the Bible

Aquinas’s teachings brought ancient philosophy and Christian theology together

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Art was made for religious purpose

Paintings and sculptures of Christ and Christian saints

Art helped tell a story of Christ's life

Cathedrals built to inspire awe

Most cathedrals were built in the shape of a cross

Gothic cathedrals looked like they were rising to heaven

Some people thought gargoyles were there to warn them that evil spirits would catch them if not obeying the church

Cathedrals were visible expressions of Christian devotion

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Pilgrims traveled long distances to visit holy sites such as Jerusalem and Rome

Also visited churches that housed relics

Pilgrims went on this journey to show their devotion to God

Travel was often difficult and dangerous

Most pilgrims traveled on foot

Since robbers were a threat, pilgrims banded together for safety

A second type of service was fighting in the crusades

Crusades were military expeditions to the land where Jesus lived

Christians called the land the Holy Land

Land had been controlled by Muslims

Some people went on crusades to seek wealth or adventure and salvation

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Sacraments and Salvation in the Middle Ages

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Sacraments and Salvation in the Middle Ages

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Most people believed in God and the afterlife

If you followed the church’s teachings and lived a moral life you would get into heaven

If failed these tasks your soul would suffer in eternal hell

Hell was a real terrifying place

Church taught its members that receiving the seven sacraments was a part of gaining salvation

Sacraments were sacred rites that Christians believed brought them grace

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Christian religion one of the most important legacies of ancient Rome

Christians are followers of Jesus Christ

Constantine issued a decree that allowed Christians to practice religion freely

In W. Europe the church was called the Roman Catholic Church

Church provided leadership and distributed food

Monasteries of monks provided hospitality for travelers

The pope was the bishop of Rome

All members of the clergy had a rank

Bishops governed areas called dioceses from great cathedrals

Latin was the common language in Europe

Pope Gregory was elected in 1073

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Roman Catholic Church very important 1000-1300 CE

The church was the center of medieval life

Church or cathedral was found in every village

They used the church for many activities

Church provided education and helped the the sick and poor

People went to church to pray to God to not get sick

Concerned about not going to Heaven

Middle Ages was the “Age of Faith”

Church rivaled kings and queens power