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Temperance and The Woman's Christian Temperance Union
-Rooted in Protestant Christianity
-The women of the United States wanted no alcohol
-The women thought that alcohol wasted their husband's hard earned money
-This movement empowered women and led to the start of the 18th and 19th amendments
The Social Gospel
-Started by pastor Charles M. Sheldon
-Sheldon spread the message revolved around the common saying "What would Jesus do?"
-This movement stated that improving society was right and also God's Will

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The Rise of Machine Politics and The Progressive Response
-Tammany Hall
-Political Machine in NY
-Political Machines were a term for people exchanging support for something in return
-This met poor and struggling families' needs but led to more corruption
The Progressive Challenge to City and State Government
-More honest politics
-Grover Cleveland
-His honesty created a reputation which would later lead him to the White House
-More laws were created that limited corruption and unfair treatment in the workplace
Progressive Education
-John Dewey
-Wrote "The School and Society"
-He created a more child centered school system
-He wanted the school to focus on the child's needs
-This helped the teachers wages and flexibility
-Ella Flagg Young
-1st woman to lead a big city system
Jane Addams and The Settlement House Movement
-The settlement houses need social services and women got more involved
-Nurses visited and helped the sick

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- The Unique Election of 1912
- Roosevelt and many others were estranged (alienated) from the Taft administration.
- Taft received criticism while Wisconsin Senator Robert La Follette hinted at running for president .
-  La Follette wanted to end monopolies with income taxes, limiting the wealthy. Roosevelt only wanted to regulate monopolies.
- La Follette also wanted racial equality.
- La Follette killed his campaign during a speech in Philadelphia in February 1912, while either drunk or exhausted repeated himself for two hours.
- 7 Republican governors then asked Teddy Roosevelt to run for president.
- Roosevelt and Taft continued to campaign throughout spring.
- Election of 1812 was unique in the fact that a past, present, and future president.
- Socialist nominee Eugene V. Debs ran again.
-The Socialist Party was becoming a force to be reckoned with.
-Socialist Party called for government ownership of all large-scale industries.
-Socialist and Progressive Parties had similar ideas at the time.
- Teddy Roosevelt was arguably the most popular candidate.
-Woodrow Wilson ended up winning the election.

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Roosevelt -
-Extended territories protected by the federal government.
-Created many large forest reserves
-Provoked resistance in Congress
-First president to invite an African-American as a guest into the White House
-Charming family
-Extremely popular among most people
William H Taft -
-Wins on his promise to continue Roosevelt's progressive value
-Taft replaced much of Roosevelt's men, to the dismay of Roosevelt
-Tariffs rose
-Income tax dropped, but tariffs rose further
-8 hour work day
-16th amendment
-Broke apart Standard Oil
-Many antitrust acts

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Roosevelt - Progressive President:

- Born to a wealth family in New York, and attended Harvard College
- When his first wife died he gave up politics and moved to the Dakotas to live a "Cowboy Life"
- When he married again, he got back into politics
- He commanded troops in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
- Roosevelt was vice president when McKinley was shot, so he had to take his place
- Promised to remove the former president's policies
- Filed a suit under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 because he believed the Northern Securities Company was too powerful
- The case on the Northern Securities took two years to go through federal courts, but was eventually affirmed.
- That case gave Roosevelt the nickname of "Trustbuster," because he broke up the trust of the Northern Security into competing lines

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Utopian Idealists:

Henry George

-Wrote "Progress and Poverty"
-The book talks about the benefits of industrialization
-He proposed a 100% tax on any increase in the value of land
-From this proposal a movement coined the Single Tax Movement formed
-George later runs for mayor and loses but his campaign results in a permanent reform coalition in New York

Edward Bellamy

-Wrote "Looking Backward"
-The book is set in a Utopia without classes, lawyers, debt, and politics

Ignatius Donnelly

-Wrote "Caesar's Column"
-The book has largely divided classes and talks about communities based on unions

Muckraking Journalists:

-Largest was the "New York Evening World" and its biggest competitor was "New York Morning Journal"
-Both of these journals were known for their exposure of corruption
-The Jungle was published during this time
-The first known muckraker was Henry Demarest Lloyd

The Professors:
-Societal Reformers
-John Dewey
-Tried to get to Chicago, which was the center of social reform in the country, but couldn't get there because of the railroad strikes
-This led him to experience new things about reforms and unions
-Richard Ely
-Wanted the government to intervene about the distinct social classes
-Albion Small
-Thought that sociologists shouldn't just study society but they should also try to fix it and offer solutions
-Wrote "American Journal of Sociology"
-Social Darwinists
-Charles Sumner & Herbert Spencer
-Believed in survival of the fittest but within social classes