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Webmail are web-based email accounts. These are usually free email accounts that are operated from a website. Examples include Hotmail, Gmail and Yahoo Mail.

Webmail allows the users to access their emails as long as they have access to an Internet connection and a web browser. This also means that the user cannot read an old email or draft a new email offline.

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What is an email client?
In the Internet, an email client, email reader or more formally mail user agent (MUA) is a computer program in the category of groupware environments used to access and manage a user's email. Client is meant to be a role. For example, a web application which provides message management, composition, and reception functions may internally act as an email client; as a whole, it is commonly referred to as webmail. Likewise, email client may be referred to a piece of software whose primary or most visible role is to work as an email client.
Examples: Outlook, Apple mail, Thunderbird (Mozilla) and Gmail.
How does it work?

A user can access the email messages stored on an email server using an email client or Mail User Agent (MUA) such as Outlook, Thunderbird, and Eudora.
The MUA connects to the email server via POP to download messages from a folder, or the more advanced IMAP protocol to synchronize all messages in the folders that exist on the server. When the user sends a message, the client connects to the server using theSMTP protocol.

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The person who is sending the e-mail composes the message that includes text and attachments (images, videos ect.) and then sends it, when sent, the email goes to the SMTP server as an outgoing e-mail.

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what does a browser do/main current browsers

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what does a browser do/main current browsers

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The two most popular browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Firefox. Other major browsers include Google Chrome, Apple Safari and Opera. While most commonly use to access information on the web, a browser can also be used to access information hosted on Web servers in private networks.

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A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) that may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content.

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Tim Berners-Lee

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According to Cisco, ISR G2 routers are built to accommodate the need for branch offices to use video-conferencing and virtualization services and transport other kinds of rich media over a wide area network (WAN). The new features in Cisco ISR G2 include video streaming and on-demand services support. Deployment and maintenance processes have been simplified, and network performance and energy management improved over the previous generation of routers.

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A routing table is a set of rules, often viewed in table format, that is used to determine where data packets traveling over an Internet Protocol (IP) network will be directed. All IP-enabled devices, including routers and switches, use routing tables.

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IMAP stands for Internet Messages Access Protocol, it is an Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection.

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, it is an Internet standard for e-mail transmission.

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Server Software Requirements

Remote OS Installation requires you to install these server technologies included with Windows 2000 Server. You can install these services on individual servers or all on one server:

Remote Installation Services (RIS)    RIS is an optional component of Windows 2000 Server that provides the services that allow you to install Windows 2000 Professional from a RIS server.

Domain Name System (DNS)    RIS servers rely on DNS for locating Active Directory directory services and for completing domain operations. You can use Windows 2000 DNS and receive the benefit of dynamic updates for your DNS server. However, using the Windows 2000 version of DNS is not required for RIS to function. The DNS server you use must support the SRV RR (RFC 2052) and needs to support the dynamic update protocol (RFC 2136). For more information about DNS, see "Introduction to DNS" and "Windows 2000 DNS" in the Microsoft ® Windows ®  2000 Server Resource Kit TCP/IP Core Networking Guide .

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server    RIS servers require a DHCP server to be present and active on the network. Remote boot-enabled clients receive an IP address from the DHCP server prior to contacting a RIS server. You can install the version of DHCP that is included with Windows 2000 Server, or you can use an existing version of DHCP running on Microsoft® Windows NT® Server version 4.0. You can also use a third-party DHCP. For more information about DHCP, see "DHCP Options" and "DHCP Message Formats" in the TCP/IP Core Networking Guide .

Active Directory    RIS servers must be installed on a Windows 2000 Server that has access to Active Directory. This can be a domain controller or a server that is a member of a domain with access to Active Directory. RIS uses Active Directory to locate existing clients and other RIS servers. You can administer RIS by using extension property pages that reside on specific computer objects within Active Directory. For more information about Active Directory, see "Active Directory Logical Structure" in this book.

For more information about installing and configuring a RIS server, installing and configuring the DNS service, and installing the DHCP service, see Windows 2000 Server Help.

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Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.

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A router is a networking device that forwards data packets betweencomputer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on theInternet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its destination node.

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Many people mistakenly believe that a server is no different from a typical desktop computer. This couldn't be further from the truth. While almost any computer that meets the minimum hardware requirements can run a server operating system that alone does not make a desktop computer a true server. Even if the desktop computer had similar processor speeds, memory and storage capacity compared to a server, it still isn't a replacement for a real server. The technologies behind them are engineered for different purposes.

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A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers' HTTP clients. Dedicated computers and appliances may be referred to as Web servers as well.

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A proxy or proxy server is basically another computer which serves as a hub through which internet requests are processed

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A mail server / mail browser is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote senders and forwards outgoing e-mail for delivery.

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In March 1989, Tim laid out his vision for what would become the web in a document called “Information Management: A Proposal”. Believe it or not, Tim’s initial proposal was not immediately accepted. In fact, his boss at the time, Mike Sendall, noted the words “Vague but exciting” on the cover. The web was never an official CERN project, but Mike managed to give Tim time to work on it in September 1990. He began work using a NeXT computer, one of Steve Jobs’ early products.Tim’s original proposal. Image: CERN
By October of 1990, Tim had written the three fundamental technologies that remain the foundation of today’s web (and which you may have seen appear on parts of your web browser):

HTML: HyperText Markup Language. The markup (formatting) language for the web.

URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of “address” that is unique and used to identify to each resource on the web. It is also commonly called a URL.

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the web.

Tim also wrote the first web page editor/browser (“WorldWideWeb.app”) and the first web server (“httpd“). By the end of 1990, the first web page was served on the open internet, and in 1991, people outside of CERN were invited to join this new web community.

As the web began to grow, Tim realised that its true potential would only be unleashed if anyone, anywhere could use it without paying a fee or having to ask for permission.

He explains: “Had the technology been proprietary, and in my total control, it would probably not have taken off. You can’t propose that something be a universal space and at the same time keep control of it.”

So, Tim and others advocated to ensure that CERN would agree to make the underlying code available on a royalty-free basis, forever. This decision was announced in April 1993, and sparked a global wave of creativity, collaboration and innovation never seen before. In 2003, the companies developing new web standards committed to a Royalty Free Policy for their work. In 2014, the year we celebrated the web’s 25th birthday,almost two in five people around the world were using it.

Tim moved from CERN to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1994 to found the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an international community devoted to developing open web standards. He remains the Director of W3C to this day.

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Web 1.0 refers to the first stage in the World Wide Web, which was entirely made up of Web pages connected by hyperlinks. Although the exact definition of Web 1.0 is a source of debate, it is generally believed to refer to the Web when it was a set of static websites that were not yet providing interactive content. In Web 1.0, applications were also generally proprietary.

Exactly where Web 1.0 ends and Web 2.0 begins cannot be determined as this a change that happened gradually over time as the Internet became more interactive.

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to facilitate the exchange of information between different computers across vast areas.

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1965: Two computers at MIT Lincoln Lab communicate with one another using packet-switching technology.
1968: Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) unveils the final version of the Interface Message Processor (IMP) specifications. BBN wins ARPANET contract.

1969: On Oct. 29, UCLA’s Network Measurement Center, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), University of California-Santa Barbara and University of Utah install nodes. The first message is “LO,” which was an attempt by student Charles Kline to “LOGIN” to the SRI computer from the university. However, the message was unable to be completed because the SRI system crashed.
1972: BBN’s Ray Tomlinson introduces network email. The Internetworking Working Group (INWG) forms to address need for establishing standard protocols.
1973: Global networking becomes a reality as the University College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway) connect to ARPANET. The term Internet is born.
1974: The first Internet Service Provider (ISP) is born with the introduction of a commercial version of ARPANET, known as Telenet.
1974: Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn (the duo said by many to be the Fathers of the Internet) publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection," which details the design of TCP.
1976: Queen Elizabeth II hits the “send button” on her first email.
1979: USENET forms to host news and discussion groups.
1981: The National Science Foundation (NSF) provided a grant to establish the Computer Science Network (CSNET) to provide networking services to university computer scientists.
1982: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, emerge as the protocol for ARPANET. This results in the fledgling definition of the Internet as connected TCP/IP internets. TCP/IP remains the standard protocol for the Internet.
1983: The Domain Name System (DNS) establishes the familiar .edu, .gov, .com, .mil, .org, .net, and .int system for naming websites. This is easier to remember than the previous designation for websites, such as 123.456.789.10.
1984: William Gibson, author of "Neuromancer," is the first to use the term "cyberspace."
1985: Symbolics.com, the website for Symbolics Computer Corp. in Massachusetts, becomes the first registered domain.
1986: The National Science Foundation’s NSFNET goes online to connected supercomputer centers at 56,000 bits per second — the speed of a typical dial-up computer modem. Over time the network speeds up and regional research and education networks, supported in part by NSF, are connected to the NSFNET backbone — effectively expanding the Internet throughout the United States. The NSFNET was essentially a network of networks that connected academic users along with the ARPANET.
1987: The number of hosts on the Internet exceeds 20,000. Cisco ships its first router.
1989: World.std.com becomes the first commercial provider of dial-up access to the Internet.
1990: Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, develops HyperText Markup Language (HTML). This technology continues to have a large impact on how we navigate and view the Internet today.
1991: CERN introduces the World Wide Web to the public.
1992: The first audio and video are distributed over the Internet. The phrase “surfing the Internet” is popularized.
1993: The number of websites reaches 600 and the White House and United Nations go online. Marc Andreesen develops the Mosaic Web browser at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. The number of computers connected to NSFNET grows from 2,000 in 1985 to more than 2 million in 1993. The National Science Foundation leads an effort to outline a new Internet architecture that would support the burgeoning commercial use of the network.
1994: Netscape Communications is born. Microsoft creates a Web browser for Windows 95.
1995: Compuserve, America Online and Prodigy begin to provide Internet access. Amazon.com, Craigslist and eBay go live. The original NSFNET backbone is decommissioned as the Internet’s transformation to a commercial enterprise is largely completed.
1996: The browser war, primarily between the two major players Microsoft and Netscape, heats up. CNET buys tv.com for $15,000.
1997: PC makers can remove or hide Microsoft’s Internet software on new versions of Windows 95, thanks to a settlement with the Justice Department. Netscape announces that its browser will be free.
1998: The Google search engine is born, changing the way users engage with the Internet.
1999: AOL buys Netscape. Peer-to-peer file sharing becomes a reality as Napster arrives on the Internet, much to the displeasure of the music industry.
2000: The dot-com bubble bursts. Web sites such as Yahoo! and eBay are hit by a large-scale denial of service attack, highlighting the vulnerability of the Internet. AOL merges with Time Warner.

2001: A federal judge shuts down Napster, ruling that it must find a way to stop users from sharing copyrighted material before it can go back online.
2003. The SQL Slammer worm spread worldwide in just 10 minutes. Myspace, Skype and the Safari Web browser debut.
2004: Facebook goes online and the era of social networking begins. Mozilla unveils the Mozilla Firefox browser.
2005: YouTube.com launches.
2006: AOL changes its business model, offering most services for free and relying on advertising to generate revenue. The Internet Governance Forum meets for the first time.
2009: The Internet marks its 40th anniversary.
2010: Facebook reaches 400 million active users.
2011: Twitter and Facebook play a large role in the Middle East revolts.

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two different options of hosting a website 

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two different options of hosting a website 

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shared web hosting and dedicated web server

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Prices vary dependent on the users.

If it is personal/ home it can vary from £30 to £200, which also includes Line Rental from BT
For corporate the cost would be much higher £200 to £1000+++

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what must a website be hosted on for it to be available on the internet 

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what must a website be hosted on for it to be available on the internet 

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Dedicated Web hosting

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The difference between the terms 'internet' and the 'world wide web'

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The difference between the terms 'internet' and the 'world wide web'

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The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols.
The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data. Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the the Web to share information. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video.

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BT (British Telecom)
Sky

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What is the role of an Internet Service Providers?

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What is the role of an Internet Service Providers?

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The role of the ISP is to provide internet to the end user, or organization. Some ISP may only operate for certain types of users i.e. commercial or non-profit