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Football in the Modern World - Teacher Brief

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Football in the Modern World - Teacher Brief

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Football in the Modern World - Teacher Brief

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NFM acquires European Super League protest t-shirt from Leeds United

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NFM acquires European Super League protest t-shirt from Leeds United

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From April 2021, following the failed European Super League

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The National Football Museum in Manchester has acquired a T-shirt worn by a Leeds United player in protest at the plans to create a European Super League (ESL).

Leeds players wore the "Earn It/Football Is For the Fans" T-shirts during the warm-up for their match against Liverpool on 19 April. Plans for the ESL have since collapsed following the withdrawal of all six Premier League teams involved.

Tilly Johnson, a Museum Futures trainee, acquired the T-shirt by contacting the Yorkshire club and asking if one of the shirts could enter the National Football Museum's permanent collection.

"We were delighted to get a T-shirt worn by a Leeds player and the fan protest placard," said Laura Crossley, the head of content at the National Football Museum. "We have a dynamic contemporary collecting programme and proactively acquire objects that record football history as it happens.

"News of the ESL provoked a strong reaction in fans and players across the country and we were keen to collect objects that will enable us to preserve and tell the story of this huge moment in football."

Curators at the museum have been busy collecting other objects in response to the ESL. The National Football Museum is reopening on 27 May with new exhibitions and displays.

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National Football Museum acquires super league protest T-shirt

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The National Football Museum in Manchester has acquired a T-shirt worn by a Leeds United player in protest at the plans to create a European Super League (ESL). Leeds players wore the "Earn It/Football Is For the Fans" T-shirts during the warm-up for their match against Liverpool on 19 April.

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First 11 - Design & Tech Innovations in Football

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First 11 - Design & Tech Innovations in Football

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Video featuring 11 museum collection objects on design and tech advancements in football

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11 Design & Technology Innovations That Changed Football | First 11

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National Football Museum article about the advent of kit sponsorship

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National Football Museum article about the advent of kit sponsorship

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Taken from the 'Strip: How Football Got Shirty' exhibition site

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1970s

Tradition and uniformity in the world of football kits took a back seat to individuality in the seventies, as many clubs reinvented their colours for a new era.

Leeds United, under the leadership of Don Revie, introduced sock tags featuring each player's number in 1972. A year later they became pioneers after teaming up with Admiral to create the first commercially available replica kits.

Bert Patrick, the director of Admiral, took the firm from its roots as a small Leicestershire underwear manufacturer to a leading brand in the world of football kits. Following their deal with Leeds, within just a couple of years Admiral's distinctive, boldly designed and ground-breaking new kits were sported by top sides all over the country. When Revie took over as England manager in 1974, he brought Admiral in as the kit suppliers with the backing of the FA, but the move was not popular with traditionalists in the media.

For the traditional English brands, it was time to play catch-up. Umbro and Bukta would spend the rest of the decade competing with Admiral to sign teams to replica kit deals, increasing their brand exposure by adding their own logos, trims and embellishments to their products. But they also had to contend with foreign influences. In 1975 QPR became the first top flight English team to wear adidas kit. Previously the German brand's three stripes had only been seen on the players boots in the domestic game.

Clubs were also starting to take note of the importance of marketing their own identities as brands in their own right. By 1975/76, all but one First Division side (Stoke City) wore kits featuring an insignia or club crest.

Kettering Town turned out in shirts emblazoned with the logo of their sponsor, Kettering Tyres, in 1976. This marked a first in English football, although French sides had trialled this earlier and German side Eintracht Braunschweig had famously worn the Jägermeister logo type on their shirts in 1973. Four days after Kettering debuted their new shirts, the FA ordered the logos to be removed.

Following lobbying by several clubs including Kettering Town, from the 1977/78 season onwards, the FA allowed shirts to feature sponsorship logos. It would take two full seasons until any clubs were able to take advantage of this, however. In 1979 Liverpool signed the first shirt sponsorship deal with Japanese conglomerate Hitachi. Everton became the first club to actually wear a shirt sponsor in the Football League (that of Danish tinned meat company Hafnia), due to their first match of the season taking place a few days before Liverpool's.

Read part 6 - the 1980s here.

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The Development of the Football Strip - Part 5 - Strip!

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Tradition and uniformity in the world of football kits took a back seat to individuality in the seventies, as many clubs reinvented their colours for a new era. Leeds United, under the leadership of Don Revie, introduced sock tags featuring each player's number in 1972.

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Sky Sports' first ever Premier League promo

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Sky Sports' first ever Premier League promo

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Sky Sports' first ever Premier League promo

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Take a trip down memory lane with the first ever Sky Sports Premier League ad from the 1992/93 season.

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Video featuring 11 objects from the museum's collection on socio-cultural influences in Football.

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The story behind the famous West Germany 1988-1991 shirt

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The story behind the famous West Germany 1988-1991 shirt

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Icon in Focus: West Germany 1988-1991 shirt

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BBC Ideas feature on the science behind chanting at football matches

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#His name is Rio and he watches from the stands# was how football fans greeted Rio Ferdinand when he was banned for missing a drugs test. Some football chants are made up on the spot, some have echoed around the same grounds for generations. But scientists think they are a practice that has deep roots in human culture. Every social group ever studied, from the Maori Hakka to the Sufi Whirling Dervishes to awkward British people at a wedding, engages in some form of group singing, dancing, and chanting. Why is this? Psychologists have found that when a group of people engage in collective behaviour - like chanting - it has a profound effect on how they think and feel. Group singing's been shown to have a powerful effect on the mood of depressed people. As well as the uplifting music, it seems that synchronising your breathing, heartrate and voice with other people has the remarkable effect of making us feel connected to one another. But of course football fans don't usually feel connected to everyone in the stadium. There are plenty of examples of football chants that are rude, offensive, even racist or homophobic. Though they've historically been a means to abuse players and referees, they can also endorse more positive values like celebrating striker Mo Salah's goals with, "If he scores another few then I'll be Muslim, too." Collective behaviour like chanting is, more than anything a way to express social identity and the values of that group. Like the Liverpool fans chanting, "Justice for the 96" in support of the Hillsborough disaster victims. Chanting at a football match doesn't just bond a group together in love and harmony, there is a dark side to coordinated behaviour. Most armies around the world march up and down in parades. For the past 100 years, at least since the invention of the machine gun, it's been a bad idea to walk slowly towards the enemy in a straight line. So why do soldiers march and chant together? In one experiment, people were asked to put a jar of live woodlice into a grinder. The people who had marched in unison around the car park beforehand threw about 50% more of the bugs into the grinder than those who had walked the same distance but not in a coordinated march. Please note there was actually an escape chute in the grinder and every bug escaped unharmed. This suggests coordinated behaviours can lower people's sense of personal autonomy, and make them more likely to be obedient to aggressive action. And there is a final reason that people might chant at a football match. Writing has only been around for a few thousand years, but we find chants and songs in every pre-literate culture. Even today in India, it's the chanted version of Vedic texts that's seen as the definitive version, not the written form. Perhaps chanting is a call back to those older practises of encoding and sharing cultural knowledge. So next time you hear a thousand people yelling..."YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING" to the referee, remember that it's because they're bonding with each other, affirming their social identity and using an ancient technology to record knowledge. And, perhaps, because the referee doesn't know what he's doing.

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Why do we chant at football matches? - BBC Ideas

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His name is Rio and he watches from the stands# was how football fans greeted Rio Ferdinand when he was banned for missing a drugs test. Some football chants are made up on the spot, some have echoed around the same grounds for generations.

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When Football Unites Nations - BBC Ideas

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When Football Unites Nations - BBC Ideas

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When football unites nations - BBC Ideas

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This video take you back to the World Cup moments that seemed to change the world, at least for a bit.

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Tim Krul playercam netherlands-costa rica

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Test your knowledge of football league winners here:

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With the new season now well and truly underway, every supporter will doubtless be full of hope and expectation that their team will end it with their hands on some silverware. Here at the National Football Museum, we are in the enviable position of already holding a serious number of impressive prizes, cups and trophies in our collection, but perhaps the most famous of them all is 'The Lady'.

The Lady is the nickname of the original Football League Championship trophy, a large and typically ornate piece of Victorian silverware, awarded to the winners of the world's oldest football league competition. Of course, the first ever Football League champions were Preston North End's 'Invincibles' in 1889, and they followed up their famous double success with another league title the next season... but they never lifted a trophy, as the Lady was only commissioned in 1891!

In 1992, the Lady was lifted by the English champions for a final time, prior to the kick-off of the Premier League era in 1992-93 season. Since then, winners of what is now the EFL Championship have been presented with a modern replica of this wonderful old trophy.

In honour of the passing of a quarter of a century since it was last lifted in triumph, we have created this quiz to test your knowledge: The Lady was lifted by 22 different clubs between 1891 and 1992. Can you name them all?

Good luck!

SPOILER ALERT: Once you've finished the quiz you can take a look at The Lady in more detail on our collections page (no cheating though; you'll find all 22 teams listed here, too); http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/collections_detail/football-league-first-division-trophy-1890

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Try our Football League Championship Trophy Quiz - National Football Museum

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With the new season now well and truly underway, every supporter will doubtless be full of hope and expectation that their team will end it with their hands on some silverware. Here at the National Football Museum, we are in the enviable position of already holding a serious number of impressive prizes, cups and trophies in our collection, but perhaps the most famous of them all is 'The Lady'.

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BBC Sport feature on 25 years of the Premier League

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BBC Sport feature on 25 years of the Premier League

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The Premier League is 25 years old on 15 August 2017.

To mark the anniversary, BBC Sport has produced five pieces, each covering a five-year period in the competition's history.

This is the first piece, focusing on the span from the first season in 1992-93 to the end of the 1996-97 campaign.

Scroll down for written insight, a visual timeline, Mark Lawrenson's team of the era, a tailored tactics board and tables, before testing yourself with our Merlin sticker quiz.

When Sky's adverts to herald the new Premier League famously promised "a whole new ball game" it was as much about hype and hope as the reality.

A little was new but a lot was still old. The ad featured Gordon Strachan with a 1980s mullet and John Wark with a 1970s moustache, even if David Hirst was wearing an earring and Tony Daley working out with his top off. It was soundtracked by a Simple Minds song, Alive and Kicking, that was seven years old and had more to do with the Brat Pack than the Brit set, let alone the country's nascent rave culture.

All 22 clubs (there were that many) had British managers. Shirt sponsors were the traditional - JVC for Arsenal, Sharp for Manchester United - and aimed at the VHS market rather than the satellite. Others were targeted squarely at the local market rather than overseas eyes: Shipstones and Nottingham Forest, Fisons and Ipswich.

Glamour was hard-working Scandinavians such as Gunnar Halle and John Jensen.

Manchester United's big summer signing was Dion Dublin, for £1m, from Cambridge United. Dublin's new team, 25 years without a league title, would begin the brave new world by losing at Sheffield United.

Only one manager in the division was sacked in that first season. Two years further on, 15 of the 22 Premier League clubs changed their manager during the season or in the close seasons that bookended it.

If that was an indication of how quickly the influx of television money and its attendant pressures were altering the landscape, so too were the signings teams were making. By the league's fourth birthday Middlesbrough, who had been relegated in 1993 with a team led by Bernie Slaven playing in a 90-year-old stadium, could celebrate the opening of their new 30,000 all-seater ground with the arrival of Champions League winner Fabrizio Ravanelli from Juventus and a line-up that featured three Brazilians.

Inflation took hold even as the nation's economy flatlined. By the summer of 1995, Warren Barton was worth £4m to Newcastle, which at least made Liverpool feel better about the £3.5m they had spent on his Wimbledon team-mate John Scales the year before. Neither man played a competitive fixture for England.

With each passing season the quality of the football on offer seemed to improve a little more. Strikes that were comfortable winners of Goal of the Month a few years before became humdrum; seemingly impossible efforts from Matt le Tissier and Tony Yeboah reflected the sense of never having had it so good. With it came wonder games too, Liverpool's 4-3 win over Newcastle in April 1996 maybe the best of the lot.

The breakaway had been triggered in part by the Football Association's desire to improve the England team. After an awful European Championship in 1992 was followed by a failure to qualify for the following World Cup, Premier League talent took an invigorated Terry Venables team to the semi-finals of Euro '96.

Of course, they lost on penalties to Germany, just as they had in 1990, just as they routinely would to other nations into the future. But the hosting of that tournament and the national celebration that came with it, Three Lions and all, fed back into the Premier League. Football had come home, and now everyone was into it, even if not everyone could now afford to watch.

There were crises along the way - Arsenal manager George Graham sacked for taking bungs, former Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar being accused of match-fixing, Arsenal midfielder Paul Merson admitting to addictions to cocaine, alcohol and gambling. Ever more money in the game, ever more temptation.

Nothing was as shocking as when Manchester United striker Eric Cantona launched himself into the Selhurst Park crowd. But then nothing had been as critical to the direction of the league as United's decision to sign the Frenchman close to the start of it all.

When Alex Ferguson brought him in on 26 November 1992, following a phone call from Leeds enquiring about Denis Irwin, United had just gone seven league games without a win and were eighth in the table. Over the next five years they would win the title in all but one, establishing a hegemony that would only occasionally be broken over the next 15 years.

The seeds of the next era were being sown too. On 17 August 1996, David Beckham scored from the halfway line in a 3-0 win over Wimbledon, beginning a transformation that would take football players into the celebrity mainstream and in many cases beyond.

Just over a month later, Arsenal appointed 46-year-old Frenchman Arsene Wenger as their new manager. Few had heard of him. Even fewer guessed the changes he would bring to the Premier League.

Farewell beer, hello broccoli; in with foreign talent, out with the old certainties. Now it was a new ball game, and there was a great deal more to come.

15 August 1992: The Premier League begins. The first goal is scored by Sheffield United's Brian Deane in the fifth minute of a 2-1 home win over Manchester United.

26 November 1992: Manchester United, who have just gone seven league games without a win and are eighth in the table, sign striker Eric Cantona in a £1.2m deal from Leeds, the team who beat the Red Devils to the title the previous season.

26 April 1993: Brian Clough announces that he will retire as Nottingham Forest manager at the end of the season after 18 years in charge. Clough won two European Cups, the league title and four League Cups with Forest, who are relegated from the top flight a week later.

2 May 1993: Manchester United are confirmed as Premier League champions, finishing 10 points ahead of second-placed Aston Villa. They will repeat the feat the following season, improving their overall points tally from 84 to 92.

29 July 1994: Jurgen Klinsmann - a villainous figure in English football for his role for Germany in England's semi-final defeat at Italia '90 and his reputation as a diver - joins Tottenham from Monaco for £2m. The striker makes a huge impression in one season, scoring 20 league goals, celebrating the first, in a 4-3 win at Sheffield Wednesday on the opening day, with a dive celebration.

10 January 1995: Manchester United break the British transfer record to sign Andy Cole from Newcastle for £7m. Newcastle boss Kevin Keegan takes to the steps of St James' Park to address fans who are angry at the sale. Cole has an inconsistent first season but does score five goals in one match as United beat Ipswich 9-0.

25 January 1995: As he walks from the field after being sent off at Crystal Palace, Manchester United's Eric Cantona leaps into the crowd and kicks spectator Matthew Simmons. The Frenchman is banned until 30 September by the FA and threatens to quit English football, but stays and returns to action later in the year.

21 February 1995: It is a difficult season for Arsenal as midfielder Paul Merson goes into rehab for drink and drug addiction before manager George Graham is sacked after admitting receiving illegal payments from transfers.

14 May 1995: Blackburn break Manchester United's monopoly on the Premier League by claiming the top-flight title for the first time in 81 years. On a dramatic final day, Rovers lose at Liverpool but triumph by a point after United can only draw at West Ham.

19 August 1995: After Manchester United sell Mark Hughes, Paul Ince and Andrei Kanchelskis, Match of the Day pundit Alan Hansen declares that "you can't win anything with kids" as they suffer an opening-day 3-1 defeat at Aston Villa. A United side containing the Neville brothers, David Beckham, Nicky Butt and Paul Scholes bounce back quickly and go on to win the double.

3 April 1996: The best game in the Premier League era? Striker Stan Collymore scores a late winner in a pulsating 4-3 win for Liverpool that crushes title-chasing Newcastle. Kevin Keegan's side had been 12 points clear at the top at the end of January, but this defeat leaves them three points behind leaders Manchester United with a game in hand.

30 April 1996: After Manchester United boss Alex Ferguson suggests that teams like Nottingham Forest might not try as hard against Newcastle as they do against his side, Magpies boss Kevin Keegan erupts in a live interview on Sky, which includes the now infamous lines: "You can tell him now, we're still fighting for this title and he's got to go to Middlesbrough and get something. And I'll tell you, honestly, I will love it if we beat them. Love it". They don't.

30 July 1996: Striker Alan Shearer, whose £3.6m move to Blackburn in 1992 broke the British transfer record, leaves Rovers to join his hometown club Newcastle United for a world record fee of £15m.

17 August 1996: Manchester United's David Beckham scores a late goal from the halfway line in a 3-0 win over Wimbledon on the opening day of the season. It is an iconic goal from the man who would go on to captain England on 59 occasions.

28 September 1996: Arsenal appoint largely unknown 46-year-old Frenchman Arsene Wenger as manager. The former Monaco coach arrives from Japanese side Nagoya Grampus Eight and is met initially by suspicion and surprise. Wenger would win the Double twice with the Gunners by 2002.

5 January 1997: Newcastle are rocked by the resignation of manager Kevin Keegan, who claims he has "taken the club as far as I can". Only eight days earlier they had beaten Tottenham 7-1 at home and were fourth in the league. He is replaced by Kenny Dalglish.

14 May 1995: Blackburn break Manchester United's monopoly on the Premier League by claiming the top-flight title for the first time in 81 years. On a dramatic final day, Rovers lose at Liverpool but triumph by a point after United can only draw at West Ham.

11 May 1997: Despite having spent big on Brazilian midfielders Juninho and Emerson and Italian striker Fabrizio Ravanelli, Middlesbrough are relegated to the second tier. They would have survived but for the docking of three points for failing to fulfil a fixture with Blackburn in December. Their squad was struck by injury and illness at the time but the punishment stuck.

We asked former Liverpool defender and BBC pundit Mark Lawrenson to pick his team of the era...

"This United side will always be remembered for the group of young players who broke into the team together after the sale of Paul Ince, Mark Hughes and Andrei Kanchelskis.

"They not only won the Double that season, they were the bedrock for many future United triumphs too.

"It was an amazing achievement, even more so now because it does not look like the same thing will happen again at any of the leading Premier League clubs."

These are the key players from Manchester United's 1995-96 campaign...

Michael Cox, author of The Mixer: The Story of Premier League Tactics, from Route One to False Nines:

"In the beginning it was a very basic, classic, English 4-4-2 system being deployed by teams. The archetypal team of that era was the Blackburn Rovers team of 1994-95 which won the Premier League title.

"They had two players who kept it simple in central midfield, wingers who got to the byeline and put balls into the box for two strikers - Alan Shearer and Chris Sutton - who were both good in the air.

"There was an interesting quote from Sir Alex Ferguson talking about the difference between Premier League and Champions League games at that point. He was amazed that teams like Barcelona and AC Milan were keeping the ball in midfield. He spoke about it as some kind of revelation because in England we just shunted the ball out wide quite quickly."

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The Premier League is 25 years old on 15 August 2017. To mark the anniversary, BBC Sport has produced five pieces, each covering a five-year period in the competition's history. This is the first piece, focusing on the span from the first season in 1992-93 to the end of the 1996-97 campaign.

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We discuss RB Leipzig's history, the reasons behind their unpopularity, and how they have navigated the Bundesliga's 50+1 rule. Edit: As pointed out by a commenter, SSV Markranstädt still exist. Red Bull purchased simply the playing rights for the first team, and created RB Leipzig, they did not - as mentioned in error - buy SSV Markranstädt.

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Home crowd National Football Museum image

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Home crowd National Football Museum image