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Causes of the war - Slavery:
The official reason for the war was the different view of the american states about slavery

Causes of the war: Differences between North and South

The Northern States (Union) wanted to abolish slavery, the Southern States (Confederation) wanted to keep it.

It seems that the southern states are much bigger and relied on agriculture, where they let the slaves work , whereas the northern states had a more industrialized economy.

Outcome of the war:
The Union defeated the Confederation.
Slavery was abolished.
more than 4 million slaves freed

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13th, 14th& 15th Amendments:

-13th: Slavery or involuntary servitude are forbidden,  except as a punishment for crime

-14th: every naturalised person has the right and privilege of a life in liberty

-15th: right to vote not denied on account of race, color or previous conditions of servitude

Problems:
- getting the status of being a “naturalised person“ is probably not simply achieved by introducing a law -> there is a law but many people are still seen as inferior
-conflict with the ideology of white supremacists
-interests of former slave owners were violated

Importance for slaves and slave owners:
-official citizenship for former slaves
-voting rights -> (at least formally) a voice in politics

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What are the "Jim Crow Laws"?
The Jim Crow Laws were created to reinforce the oppression of black people after the abolishment of slavery. They upheld segregation and racial hierarchy, circumventing laws put into place for the protection of black people’s lives after the Civil War: e.g. the 15th Amendment, giving black men the right to vote.
The term "Jim Crow laws" originated from a white comedian who created a stereotypical black character called "Jim Crow"

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896):
Through the trial of Plessy v. Ferguson, ruled by the Supreme Court after new President Rutherford B. Hayes promised to stop federal intervention in the South, new segregation laws were established, promising separate but equal facilities, but actually resulting in discrimination.

Consequences for African Americans:
Even though slavery was formally abolished, black citizens were denied their freedoms like property ownership, voting, free movement, business ownership and everything in between. Later, after Plessy v. Ferguson, social interaction between black and white people, the discrimination and segregation became even more extreme.

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Landmarks of the Civil Rights Movement:
-1954 turning point (black children were allowed to go to school)
-September 1957, black children tried to enrol in a high school in Little Rock ->long struggle for equal rights in education
-December 1955 Rosa Parcs was ordered to give up her seat in the bus, because white workers came into it
-she would not leave ,so she was arrested
-black people supported her -> started a campaign to end segregation on buses
-November 1956: declaration of segregation on public buses
-1963: 200.000 people took part in a mass demonstration in Washington for full racial equality ->”I have a dream”-speech by M. L. King jr.
-1964: Civil Rights Act became law

The Civil Rights Act (1964):

-made it illegal to discrimate against African Americans
-gave black people the right to vote
-prevents discrimination in the field of work (jobs etc.)

Why they were unsatisfied with the Civil Rights Act:
-racial difficulties were too deep-rooted
-changes were needed in people's attitudes