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Phytoplankton are consumed by other marine organisms, which later are consumed by bigger marine organisms w the food chain. That's why the concentration of carbon dioxide increases at higher level in the food chain.

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Phytoplankton are consumed by other marine organisms, which later are consumed by bigger marine organisms w the food chain. That's why the concentration of carbon dioxide increases at higher level in the food chain.

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->Phytoplankton are autotrophs, which means they convert light directly into organic matter
->Phytoplankton are calcifiers - they build skeletal structures composed of calcium carbonate
->Phytoplankton provide food for coral polyps, which in return discharge skeletons of calcium carbonate to form coral reefs

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Most of the carbon dioxide, which enters the ocean waters is used by marine organisms

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Most of the carbon dioxide, which enters the ocean waters is used by marine organisms

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Such as phytoplankton through photosynthesis

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As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, the surface waters become more acidic, and the concentration of carbonate ions decreases.

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There is a net movement of carbon from the atmosphere to the oceans. Atmospheric carbon dissolves in the surface waters of the ocean.

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Because of the ocean acidification and rising temperatures, the reef growth rate has been reduced significantly. Between 1990 and 2005 the calcification rates have slowed down by about 14%.

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Main organisms that build coral reefs are calcifying, single-celled algae, zooxanthellae.

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Calcifying organisms that build coral reefs are affected

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Calcifying organisms that build coral reefs are affected

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They make coral reefs very vulnerable to ocean acidification, because CaCO3 is easily dissolved in acids.

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Ocean acidification + reduced production of CaCO3 

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Ocean acidification + reduced production of CaCO3 

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Combined effect of ocean acidification and reduced production of calcium carbonate which is due to global warming has a significant impact on coral reefs.