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Cluster C - anxious and fearful.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Definitions of the diagnoses:

Characterized by feelings of extreme social inhibition, inadequacy, and sensitivity to negative criticism and rejection

Symptoms:

Nervousness/fear

Fear in social settings and relationships

Avoid activities or jobs that involve being with others

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Self-consciousness

Shyness

Oversensitive

Anxiety

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Having another mental health condition such as depression or anxiety

A family history of depression, anxiety, and personality disorders

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Medication

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#1

Worksheets and handouts

https://www.psychologytools.com/professional/mechanisms/avoidance/

#2

CBT Worksheets

https://cbtpsychology.com/cbt-worksheets/

#3

Treatment for Avoidant Personality

https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/issues/avoidant-personality/treatment

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Cluster C - anxious and fearful.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Definitions of the diagnoses:

Is a type of anxious personality disorder. People with DPD often feel helpless, submissive, or incapable of taking care of themselves.

Symptoms:

Fear of abandonment

Inability to make decisions without outside advice

Clingy behaviour

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Difficulty being alone

May have trouble making simple decisions

Lack of self-confidence

Oversensitivity to criticism

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Family history of anxiety disorders

Childhood trauma

Having authoritarian parents

Being in a long-term abusive and/or dependent relationship

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Medication

CBT

Someone with dependent personality disorder can learn self-confidence and self-reliance

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#1

Treatment options

https://psychcentral.com/disorders/dependent-personality-disorder/treatment

#2

Worksheet to help understand the disorder

https://shitborderlinesdo.tumblr.com/post/118268830644/dependent-personality-disorder-checklist

#3

Quiz and worksheet

https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-dependent-personality-disorder.html

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Cluster C - anxious and fearful.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Definition of the diagnoses:

Involve obsessional thinking and repetitive behaviours that create distress and disruption in functioning. Associated with anxiety disorders in that anxiety symptoms are often observed in their expression

Symptoms:

Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions

Intrusive, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images

Worrying thoughts

Focused on improbable or unrealistic events

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Contamination

Fear of harm to self or others

Concerns with symmetry

Withdrawal from activities or friends

Trouble paying attention

Sexual, romantic, somatic, and religious preoccupations are more common

Go to great lengths to neutralize obsessions with another action

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Time consuming

Significant impairment in normal routine

Normal activities reduced

Health, social and family relations affected

School functioning affected

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- Meditation
- CBT

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These resources are greatly helpful for CYCs to enhance their practice as there are a variety of tools for everyone to find one they enjoy.

#1

Thought diary

Includes examples

Includes templates

Includes helpful apps

Includes worksheets

https://positivepsychology.com/thought-diary/

#2

Self-help strategies

https://www.verywellmind.com/ocd-self-help-2510625

#3

Teaches anxiety and OCD

Obsessive Fear Monitoring form (worksheet)

Fear Ladder (worksheet)

https://www.anxietycanada.com/sites/default/files/adult_hmocd.pdf

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Cluster B - dramatic and emotional.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder is characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, constant need for admiration and validation, as well as a marked lack of empathy. People with this disorder have built up a hard outer shell to protect themselves from outside threats that may bring them down. On the outside, these people present as overly confident. They often believe that they are more important than other people and crave to be admired by everyone around them. This need for admiration stems from a deep rooted insecurity within them. People with this disorder also have a lack of empathy and find it difficult to understand other people's emotions. For this reason, these people often have a difficult time maintaining close personal relationships as they struggle to respect other people.

Symptoms:
1. A grandiose sense of self-importance.
2. Constant need for admiration.
3. Body image issues, feeling the need to look superficially perfect.
4. Sense of self-entitlement which interferes with their daily interactions and interpersonal relationships.
5. Jealousy of others.
6. A lack of empathy.
7. Insecurities.

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While the exact cause of Narcissistic Personality Disorder is unknown, it is believed that a combination of genetics, family history, childhood upbringing and traumatic life experiences may play a role in the development of this disorder in an individual.

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1. Narcissistic Personality Disorder Free Test - https://www.psycom.net/narcissistic-personality-disorder-test
2. Learn more about this disorder: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/mental-disorders/narcissistic-personality-disorder.htm
3. Find a Therapist Online: https://www.mindbeacon.com/guided-cbt-programs

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Cluster B - dramatic and emotional.

Histrionic personality disorder, also commonly known as a dramatic personality disorder, is a disorder that is impacted by a pattern of emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors. People with histrionic personality disorder may feel underappreciated or disregarded when they are not the center of attention. They may be very seductive and inappropriately sexual with the people they meet. They often determine their own value by the amount of attention they receive from others.

Symptoms

Feeling less until they are the center of everyone attention

Constantly seek reassurance or approval

Can be easily influenced by others

Extremely sensitive to criticism or disapproval

self-centered and rarely showing  concern for others

Threaten or attempt suicide to get attention

Not thinking before acting

Using their hypersexulity to seduce others

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The exact cause of histrionic personality disorder is not known, but is known to be something that can both be learned and inherited.  For example, the tendency for histrionic personality disorder to run in families could lead to the child inheriting the disorder. However, the child of a parent with this disorder might simply be teaching them by repeating learned behavior. Other environmental factors can also affect the development of this disorder. A lack of punishment or positive reinforcement that is given only when a child completes certain approved behaviors, and or repeated unpredictable attention given to a child by his or her parents can all lead  to confusion about what types of behavior earn parental approval.

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Histrionic personality disorder typically develops during adolescence or early adulthood. Which can sometimes make it hard to determine if it’s Histrionic personality disorder or just normal teenage emotions. However histrionic symptoms can often be distinguished from normal teen  behaviors. People with this disorder show a large amount of poor self- image which often rapidly changes depending on the type of attention they are getting. Histrionic personality disorder can rarely show up in early childhood but when it does it can extremely affect the child more and cause the child to experience dangerous situations due to overly sexualizing themselves or acting in dramatic ways.

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There are many ways to help a person with Histrionic personality disorder . Therapy is often the best method . Therapy can help the patient learn ways to relate and communicate with others in a more positive way. Medication may be prescribed to the patient to treat some of their distressing symptoms, such as depression and anxiety.

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“5 Myths about Histrionic Personality Disorder: The Recovery Village.” The Recovery Village Drug and Alcohol Rehab, The Recovery Village Drug and Alcohol Rehab, 16 Apr. 2021, https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/histrionic-personality-disorder/hpd-myths/.

Quick Facts: Histrionic Personality Disorder - Merck ... https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-pr/home/quick-facts-mental-health-disorders/personality-disorders/histrionic-personality-disorder.

“What Is Histrionic Personality Disorder? - Facty Health.” Facty, 4 Dec. 2018, https://facty.com/conditions/mental-health/what-is-histrionic-personality-disorder/?style=quick&amp;utm_source=adwords-ca&amp;adid=490399807144&amp;ad_group_id=77298803905&amp;utm_medium=m-search&amp;utm_term=%2Bpersonality+%2Bdisorder&amp;utm_campaign=FH-CA-Search-What-is-Histrionic-Personality-Disorder%3F-Mobile&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMI49iwhtqE9wIVzGtvBB33QATvEAMYASAAEgLVU_D_BwE.

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Cluster B - dramatic and emotional.

Antisocial personality disorder is a mental disorder in which a person consistently shows no regard for what is right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others. People with antisocial personality disorder tend to antagonize, manipulate or treat others harshly. They show no guilt or remorse for their behavior.

Symptoms

Not caring about what’s right and wrong

Persistent lying or deceit to exploit others

Lack of empathy

Feelings of emptiness

Using charm or wit to manipulate others for personal gain or personal pleasure

Arrogance, feeling like you're better than everyone.

Recurring problems with the law, including criminal behavior

Repeatedly violating the rights of others through intimidation and dishonesty

Impulsiveness or failure to plan ahead

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Antisocial personality disorder affected by a family history of antisocial personality disorder or other personality disorders or mental health disorders. It can also be affected by environmental factors such as childhood abuse , neglect , and toxic home life .

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This disorder also rarely shows up in early childhood but when it does it can often make it easier for the individual if it’s treated early . Antisocial personality disorder can often show up in early adolescence, this can often lead to extremely toxic behaviors done by the individual due to the fact that there are still teenagers.

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There's no sure way to prevent antisocial personality disorder from developing in those who are at risk. Because antisocial behavior is thought to have its roots in childhood. Spotting early warning signs may help the individual get early intervention to decrease the symptoms.

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“Understanding Antisocial Personality: The Stigma Tied to ASPD - Goodtherapy.org Therapy Blog.” Google, Google, https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.goodtherapy.org/blog/understanding-antisocial-personality-the-stigma-tied-to-aspd-0510197/amp/.

Trimingham, Alayna. “Stop the Stigma.” The McHenry Messenger, https://themchenrymessenger.com/stop-the-stigma/.

Pastor, Aris. “Still Human.” The Uproar, https://nashuproar.org/50107/opinion/still-human/.

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Cluster B - dramatic and emotional.

Borderline personality disorder is a mental health disorder that affects the way you think and feel about yourself.  Borderline personality disorder can cause an individual to have problems functioning in their everyday lives. People with borderline personality disorder Can often have extremely poor self-image issues, difficulty managing emotions which can lead to negative/toxic behaviors.

Symptoms

fear of abandonment

A pattern of unstable relationships

Impulsive and risky behaviors such as unsafe sex . Spending large amounts of money , substance abuse.

Suicidal threats or behavior often due to fear of separation or rejection from someone

Suicidal thoughts

Ongoing feeling of emptiness

Inappropriate, intense anger, such as frequently losing your temper, being sarcastic or bitter, or having physical fights

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While BPD in childhood is rare , it can often develop due to environmental factors or be inherited. Borderline personality disorder often starts in early adolescence there is growing evidence of recognisable symptoms and traits of the disorder that manifest during adolescence. As teenagers are expected to engage with the world with more independence, a lack of emotion control and self-control skills become more apparent during this developmental period.

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While the actual cause of borderline personality disorder are unknown There are a lot of environmental factors that can contribute to the development of borderline personality disorder. It  can be affected by a long history of childhood abuse or neglect. A stressful life experience at an early age can affect the child’s cognitive development which can often trigger a negative internal working model that could lead to borderline personality disorder.

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The negative symptoms of BPD are indeed manageable with psychotherapy, a healthy support network and long-term commitment to getting better.

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“Strengths and Qualities of BPD.” Borderline in the ACT, 7 Sept. 2017, https://www.borderlineintheact.org.au/living-with-bpd/strengths-and-qualities-of-bpd/.

Fonagy, Peter, et al. “What We Have Changed Our Minds about: Part 1. Borderline Personality Disorder as a Limitation of Resilience - Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation.” BioMed Central, BioMed Central, 11 Apr. 2017, https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40479-017-0061-9.

BPD and Resilience - Anna Freud Centre. https://www.annafreud.org/media/2902/peter-fonagy.pdf.

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Cluster A - odd and eccentric.

Schizoid Personality Disorder is characterized by a limited emotional range and a lack of desire to form personal relationships with other people. People with this disorder have little to no desire to form close personal relationships with other people and prefer to be alone. They prefer to isolate themselves as much as possible. These individuals are often seen as cold, distant and aloof. People with this disorder find social interaction and relationships uncomfortable and therefor they prefer to avoid them whenever possible. They tend to be indifferent to criticism and praise.

Symptoms:
1. Emotional numbness.
2. Limited affect.
3. Indifference to criticism and praise.
4. Little or no desire to form close relationships with people.
5. Little or no interest in sex and/or romance.
6. Limited or no close friendships, besides immediate family.
7. Social isolation, preferring solitude.
8. Some may experience co-morbid Depression.

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While the exact cause for Schizoid Personality Disorder is unknown, it is believed to be a combination of genetics, family history, childhood upbringing, and traumatic life experiences.

People with Schizoid Personality Disorder may be more at risk of lacking a good social network of people around them to support them throughout their lives. Since they prefer solitude over connection with others, they are more likely to remain lonely throughout their lives. Some people with this disorder may develop Depression as well.

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1. Schizoid Personality Disorder Free Test - https://psymed.info/schizoid-personality-disorder-test
2. Learn more about this disorder: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/schizoid-personality-disorder
3. Find a Therapist Online: https://www.mindbeacon.com/guided-cbt-programs

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Cluster A -odd and eccentric.

Paranoid Personality Disorder is characterized by persistent, unrelenting paranoia, distrust and suspiciousness of others. People who have this disorder are in a constant state of hypervigilance and believe that everyone is out to hurt or deceive them in some way. The paranoid thoughts and feelings often result in problematic behavior which can cause difficulties in many of their interpersonal relationships. In some cases, this can lead to the person becoming socially withdrawn due to a severe distrust of the intentions of others.

The paranoid thinking causes them to behave in 'odd and eccentric' ways.

Symptoms:
1. Severe mistrust of others.
2. Persistent paranoia.
3. Difficulty opening up to others and confiding in them.
4. Difficulty making and maintaining relationships/friendships.
5. Social isolation.
6. Difficulty regulating emotions (anger/hostility towards others in an attempt to defend themselves from suspected threats).
7. Difficulty relaxing/sleeping.

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While the exact cause of Paranoid Personality Disorder is unknown, it is believed that a combination of genetics, family history, childhood upbringing and traumatic life experiences may play a role in the development of this disorder.

A negative childhood upbringing may play a significant role in the likelihood of a person developing this disorder. If the person had abusive parents, or other family members whom they grew up with as a child, these negative experiences could put an 'imprint' on the child's psychological development thus causing the child to develop trust issues towards other people and become paranoid.

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1. Paranoid Personality Disorder Free Test - https://www.psycom.net/paranoid-personality-disorder/
2. Learn more about this disorder: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/mental-disorders/paranoid-personality-disorder.htm
3. Find a Therapist Online: https://www.mindbeacon.com/guided-cbt-programs

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Cluster A - odd and eccentric.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder is characterized by odd and unusual thinking and behavior. The common features of this disorder are distorted thinking patterns caused by odd beliefs and superstitions, paranoia and suspiciousness of others, and social withdrawal. People with this disorder have a limited social life and a reduced capacity for close relationships. They often experience extreme discomfort in social situations because of a serious mistrust of others. They often have strong superstitious beliefs and magical thinking, for instance, believing that other people can read their own thoughts or vice versa. This magical thinking can be taken to the extreme with these individuals and can cause difficulty in their every day lives and interactions with other people.

Symptoms:
1. Paranoia and suspiciousness.
2. Odd and unusual thinking and behavior.
3. Strong superstitions and 'magical thinking' (taken to the extreme).
3. Social anxiety.
4. Social withdrawal.

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While the exact cause of Schizotypal Personality Disorder is unknown, it is believed that a combination of genetics, family history, childhood upbringing and traumatic life experiences may play a role in the development of this disorder in an individual.

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1. Schizotypal Personality Disorder Free Test - https://psymed.info/schizotypal-personality-disorder-test
2. Learn more about this disorder: https://www.verywellmind.com/schizotypal-personality-disorder-4689994
3. Find a Therapist Online: https://www.mindbeacon.com/guided-cbt-programs