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Works Cited

History.com Editors. “Domino Theory.” HISTORY, A&E Television Networks, 24 Aug. 2018, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/domino-theory.

---. “Vietnam War Timeline.” HISTORY, A&E Television Networks, 11 Nov. 2018, www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-timeline.

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- Was warned by Asia that French rule of Vietnam would lead to “bloodshed and unrest.”
-Did not share his predecessor’s anti-colonialism
-Hoped & attempted to reestablish France’s prewar economy & national pride
-Asserted that U.S. foreign policy was to assist any country whose stability is threatened by communism
-Was prompted to reexamine Vietnam in a Cold War sense due to the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, plus the flow of aid from China and the Soviet Union then to the Viet Minh

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-Informally extended to become the basis of American Cold War policy throughout Europe and around the world
-Shifted American foreign policy toward the Soviet Union from an anti-fascist alliance to a policy of containment of Soviet expansion

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Dwight D. Eisenhower - January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961

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Dwight D. Eisenhower - January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961

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-Refused to involve the United States in another major conflict so soon after the Korean War.

-“I am convinced that no military victory is possible in that kind of theater”

-Domino Theory - which held that if one country fell to communism then its neighbors would follow, he refused to abandon Vietnam altogether.

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-The idea that the fall of Indochina to communism would lead rapidly to the collapse of other nations in Southeast Asia.
-Eisenhower articulated it as the “falling domino” principle.

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John F. Kennedy - January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963

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John F. Kennedy - January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963

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-Publicly lambasted U.S. efforts to assist the French, saying that to act “in defiance of innately nationalistic aims spells foredoomed failure.”
-Soft on communism
-Hinted to aides that he might withdraw from Vietnam following his re-election, but it’s unclear whether he would have actually done so.

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Assassination of John F. Kennedy - November 22, 1963

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Assassination of John F. Kennedy - November 22, 1963

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- Johnson was sworn in as the new President as a result

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Lyndon B. Johnson - November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969

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Lyndon B. Johnson - November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969

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-Sent the first U.S. combat troops into battle in early 1965
-He simultaneously authorized a massive bombing campaign, codenamed Operation Rolling Thunder, that would continue unabated for years.

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Operation Rolling Thunder - March 1965 to October 1968

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Operation Rolling Thunder - March 1965 to October 1968

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-The codename for an American bombing campaign during the Vietnam War. U.S. military aircraft attacked targets throughout North Vietnam

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Richard Nixon - January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974

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Richard Nixon - January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974

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-Campaigned for the White House promising to end the Vietnam War
-Gradually withdrew American troops as part of his policy of “Vietnamization”
-Escalated the conflict in other ways
-Attempted to disrupt North Vietnamese supply lines and destroy Viet Cong camps

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-Strategy that aimed to reduce American involvement in the Vietnam War by transferring all military responsibilities to South Vietnam.
-Created deep rifts in American society.
-Nixon believed this strategy, which involved building up South Vietnam’s armed forces and withdrawing U.S. troops, would prepare the South Vietnamese to act in their own defense against a North Vietnamese takeover and allow the United States to leave Vietnam with its honor intact.
But the Vietnamization process was deeply flawed from the beginning.