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Historical figures: French, Spain, British, Native Americans
Significance: Enhanced Britain’s presence in North America (gained Florida and land west of Mississippi), Africa (slave coast), and Caribbean (French islands). Native Americans also lost all potential for bargaining with Britain because their rivals, France and Spain, were no longer involved.

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Historical figures: British, French, colonizers
Significance: Indian tribes were pleased because they believed that they should be promised their lands. British settlers and land-hungry farmers felt that their rights were being portrayed.

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Historical figures: Pontiac of the Ottawa tribe, Neolin of the Delawares, British
Significance: tribes join together in an effort to return North America to its state before the Europeans arrived.

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A group of boys who formed on the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania in an attempt to be watch guards against American Indians. There were a string of attacks against Native Americans known as the Conestoga Massacres.
Significance: Native American’s and British colonizer’s hatred for each other grew.

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Historical figures: British legislation, Plantations, colonists
Significance: British desperate for money after French & Indian War so they would only all ow America to trade sugar with England and no longer with the French and Dutch West Indes.

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Historical friegues: British Parliament, colonists
Significance: direct tax on American colonies, required that all printed products were on British stamped paper. Created tension and anger between Britain and America.

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Townshend Acts June 29, 1767 - April 1770

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Townshend Acts June 29, 1767 - April 1770

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Historical figures: Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Exchequer, American colonies
Significance: many new taxes on imports of paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea. Also took away some freedoms in the colony. This created more tension between the British and the American colonies.

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Historical figures: British soldier, colonists
Significance: A mob turned into a massacre when British soldiers shot at the colonists harassing them. There was a lot of tension that led to this act of violence, especially because the colonists were angered with the increasing amount of tariffs. This event gained recognition through Paul Revere and Samuel Adams.

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Historical figures: British, American colonists, British East India Company.
Significance: Britain had a high supply of tea in warehouses in London and a low demand everywhere else. This act had the B.E.I Company ship the tea directly to the colonies rather than going through English ports. This created a monopoly on tea that angered the colonies.

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Historical figures: Sons of Liberty, colonists of Massachusetts, British soldiers & ships
Significance: the colonies took action against the Tea Act and dumped Britain’s tea into Boston Harbor. One of the first major events of defiance towards Britain. The main issue was the Britain was practicing “Taxation without representation”

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Historical figures: British Parliament, British soldiers, Quebec, American colonists
Significance: included 5 acts: Boston Port Act, Mass. Gov. Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act, Quebec Act. More and more freedoms were being taken away from colonies as British desperately tried to grasp for control.

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American Revolutionary War April 19, 1775 - Sept. 3 1783

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American Revolutionary War April 19, 1775 - Sept. 3 1783

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Historical figures: George Washington, Paul Revere, Molly Pitcher, other American colonists, King George III, British soldiers and government.
Significance: The 13 colonies of North America fought against Britain for independence because of the harsh taxes and tyranny that Britain imposed. Years of salutary neglect and taxation without representation led the colonists to revolt against Britain.

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Historical figures: Thomas Paine
Significance: This pamphlet persuaded many American colonists to fight for their independence against Britain. He produced a sense of American nationalism that motivated men to sign up for the war. His writing called for all Americans to unite and stop Britain from taking away their freedom.

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Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776

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Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776

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Historical figures: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin
Significance: This was the first document that had a nation give the right to the people to choose the government. Stated the colonies rights and freedoms and independence from Britain. Foundation for American democracy.

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Articles of Confederation Nov. 15, 1777, not ratified until March 1, 1781

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Articles of Confederation Nov. 15, 1777, not ratified until March 1, 1781

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Historical figures: Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, John Dickinson, other colonial authors.
Significance: This was the first form of a Constitution for the 13 states of North America. It was very weak because Congress was not allowed to tax and there were no executive or judicial branches. Very rushed because of ongoing war.

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Historical figures: representatives of King George III and United States (Franklin, Adams, Jay)
Significance: Ended the Revolutionary War between America and Britain.

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Historical figures: Daniel Shays, protestors
Significance: The goal of this rebellion wast to stop having people go to prison if they were in debt. Many were going into debt because of the high taxes and political corruption.

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Historical figures: U.S. Congress
Significance: Established government for newly acquired Northwest Territory, protected liberties, and made slavery illegal in the new land.

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Historical Figures: Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison
Significance: These papers were written to persuade New Yorkers to ratify the United States Constitution.

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Constitutional Convention May 25, 1787 - Sept. 17, 1787

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Constitutional Convention May 25, 1787 - Sept. 17, 1787

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Historical figures: Jefferson, Madison, Franklin, Washington, Hamilton, etc. Delegates from each state.
Significance: The main purpose of the convention was to decide how the government would look like for the United States.

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George Washington Presidency April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797

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George Washington Presidency April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797

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Historical figures: George Washington
Significance: First president of the U.S. He was unanimously elected 2 times by the people. He set the expectations for future presidents. He practiced political power, military practice, and had a say in economic policies. He also was the general in the Revolutionary War. He chose to retire after two terms so other ideas and people could get involved.

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Hamilton’s Debt Assumption Plan December-January of 1790

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Hamilton’s Debt Assumption Plan December-January of 1790

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Historical figures: Hamilton, federal Treasury
Significance: Hamiliton made a bold proposition to handle the nation's financial crisis: the federal gov. would assume all of the state's debt and they would get the money to do this by borrowing new money at a lower interest rate. There were 5 parts of his plan: establish new nations credit worthiness, creation of a new national debt, creation of a bank of the U.S., raise revenue through taxes, imposition of a tariff and gov. subsidies.

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Historical figures: written by James Madison
Significance: The first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution. The Bill of Rights keeps the government from interfering with basic human rights like freedom of speech and religion.

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Historical figure: Hamilton and his associates, urban bankers, businessman
Significance: One of the first political parties of U.S. They believed in economically strong, centralized national government. They believed that the Articles of Confederation were too weak to provide a successful government.

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Historical figures: Pennsylvania farmers, U.S. federal gov
Significance: Government began to tax whiskey and farmers and distillers in Pennsylvania protested the tax. The opposition to the tax opened a gate for Republicans to overthrow Washington's Federalist Party in 1802.

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Historical figures: Jefferson, Madison, Washington
Significance: People who followed Jefferson and Madison and preferred a decentralized government became known as the Democratic-Republicans. The Federalists began to dwindle down and were completely gone after the War of 1812.

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Washington's Neutrality Proclamation April 22, 1793

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Washington's Neutrality Proclamation April 22, 1793

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Historical figures: Hamilton, Jefferson, US, France, Britain, Europe
Significance: Washington declared that the U.S. would remain neutral as war broke out in Europe between France and Britain + allies. France felt betrayed because of all they did to help America win the Revolutionary War.

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Historical figures: John Jay, United States, Britain
Significance: Tied up loose ends from U.S. gaining their independence from Britain. Ensured that America has a solid foundation to grow economically.

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Historical figures: Thomas Pinckney, United States and Spain
Significance: This treaty allowed the U.S. to navigate the Mississippi River and settled land disputes with Spain.

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Historical figures: Native Americans, specifically the Miami tribe of Ohio, United States
Significance: settled land disputes between U.S. and Ohio Native Americans. The land that will eventually make up Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan was ceded by the Indians to the U.S.

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Washington’s Farewell Address Sept. 17, 1796

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Washington’s Farewell Address Sept. 17, 1796

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Historical figures: Washington, Hamilton, Madison
Significance: Washington retired after his second term of presidency with this speech. He stressed the need for America to stay independent, safe, and to maintain liberty in all the states.

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John Adams Presidency March 4, 1797 - March 4, 1801

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John Adams Presidency March 4, 1797 - March 4, 1801

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Historical figures: John Adams
Significance: The second president of the U.S. He had to deal with foreign affairs with France (XYZ Affair). He was politically brilliant and a leader in the Continental Congress.

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Historical figures: U.S. Congress, Federalist Majority
Significance: This allowed the government to arrest and deport all male citizens of an enemy nation in the event of war. This was passed amidst all the tension with France and the potential of a French invasion on American turf.

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Historical figures: French diplomats, United States diplomats
Significance: French angry at U.S. for Jay’s Treaty so they surprise attacked U.S. ships. Resulted in Quasi-War, which ended in 1800 with the Treaty of Mortefontaine.

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798-1799

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798-1799

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Historical figures: authored by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Significance: response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. It argued that is was illegal for the government to exercise power that was not addressed in the Constitution. Jefferson said that the states have the power to dispute unconstitutional federal laws.

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Historical figures: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
Significance: Adams was the Federalist incumbent and Jefferson ran for the Republican party. Jefferson won and caused political realignment as he introduced Republican policies into the gov. Before the election, Hamilton released a pamphlet stating as to why Adams should not be re-elected: emotionally stable, unfit to be President, and unable to work with advisors