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Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online

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pyramid
1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or edifice of this shape.
2. (Science: geometry) A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases are sides of the base.
3. The game of pool in which the balls are placed in the form of a triangle at spot.
(Science: geometry) altitude of a pyramid a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.
Origin: L. Pyramis, -idis, fr. Gr, of Egyptian origin: cf. F. Pyramide.

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pyramid 1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or edifice of this shape. 2. (Science: geometry) A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases are sides of the base.

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The next trophic levels are made up of animals that eat producers. These organisms are called consumers.

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Decomposers break down dead plants and animals. They also break down the waste of other organisms. They are an important element in the food chain because they keep up a continuous flow of nutrients for the primary producers.

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The next trophic levels are made up of animals that eat producers. These organisms are called consumers. These can be either carnivores or herbivores.

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Pyramids of biomass measure the amount of energy converted into living tissue at the different trophic levels  Terrestrial ecosystems usually have much more biomass in plants, such as trees and grass, and less biomass as you move up in trophic level

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Pyramid of biomass
By: Ahmed Attallah

Pyramid of biomass shows the biomass of organisms in each trophic level. Biomass is the mass of each organism per unit area in a habitat. Pyramid of biomass is easy to scale and cannot be inverted since it doesn't take into consideration the number of organisms in each trophic level. As you go up the pyramid, biomass of organisms decrease.

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Producers, also known as autotrophs, make their own food and do not depend on any other organism for nutrition by photosynthesis.

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Pyramid of numbers

Definition: A pyramid of numbers is a graphical representation that shows the number of organisms at each trophic level. The reason for the pyramid shape is that there must always be enough plants to produce food at the bottom. Otherwise, the entire food chain would collapse.

The bars are drawn to scale – the more organisms it represents, the wider the bar. The producer in the food chain always goes at the bottom of the pyramid of numbers.

Think about this food chain:

Clover → snail → thrush → hawk

Clover is a plant and it is the producer in this food chain. Its bar goes at the bottom of the pyramid:

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A biomass pyramid is a diagram that compares the biomass ( amount of living material) of different trophic levels within an ecosystem. It shows the mass of producers that are needed to support primary consumers, the mass of primary consumers required to support secondary consumers, and so on. It takes the organism's size into account.

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Organisms in food webs are grouped into categories called trophic levels. Roughly speaking, these levels are divided into producers (first trophic level), consumers, and decomposers (last trophic level).

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he group of organisms called decomposers forms the final link in the food chain. They break down dead animals and plants and return vital nutrients to the soil. Some decomposers, like fungi, can be seen without a microscope, but much of the decomposition process is carried out by microscopic bacteria. They secrete enzymes on the surface of the dead organisms to break the organism down

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A secondary consumer is an organism that eats primary consumers. Secondary consumers are usually carnviores (meat eaters) but can also be omnivores. Secondary consumers aren't always the last step in a food chain. Usually, they are eaten by a larger organism, the tertiary consumer. Some food chains even have a quaternary consumer.

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Pyramid of Numbers

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Producers and definition of food chain:
food chain is circle of life.

food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

In a food chain, each organism occupies a different trophic level, defined by how many energy transfers separate it from the basic input of the chain. the arrows show the energy transfer between each organism in the food chain.

producers: Producers, or autotrophs, make their own organic molecules. they are autotrophs and can make their own organic molecules using process of photosynthesis.
: depend on sunlight as ultimate source of energy to start food chain, in other words, the main source of energy in a food chain is the sun!:
some examples are protists, plants and bacteria ( which use chemosynthesis, to make its organic molecules)

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Definition: A graphical representation in the form of a pyramid showing the feeding relationship and the number of organisms at each trophic level.

Pyramid shape:
Largest at the bottom , smallest at the top indicating more organisms at the bottom of the pyramid than at the top.

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1)A pyramid of numbers shows the total number of  individual organisms at each level in the food chain of an ecosystem

2) The pyramidal shape indicates that the number of organisms or species is largest at the bottom, and is narrowing towards the apex

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Biomass is the total weight  of organisms in a given area. Pyramid of biomass shows and compares biomass of different trophic levels within an ecosystem. It shows the mass of producers that are needed to support primary consumers, the mass of primary consumers required to support secondary consumers, and so on along the food chain.

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primary consumers: organisms that directly feed on producers(plants)
primary consumers are herbivores, they are also the second step in the food chain
ex: caterpillars,hummingbirds

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A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. A food web is all of the food chains in an ecosystem. Each organism in an ecosystem occupies a specific trophic level or position in the food chain or web. Producers, who make their own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, make up the bottom of the trophic pyramid.FOOD WEBS ARE MORE USEFUL BECAUSE IT PROVIDES DIFFERENT ORGANISMS WITH MORE THE ONE SINGLE FOOD SOURCE TO SURVIVE.

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Energy loss

In a food chain only around 10 per cent of the energy is passed on to the next trophic level. The rest of the energy passes out of the food chain in a number of ways: it is used as heat energy.

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Each living thing in an ecosystem is part of multiple food chains. Each food chain is one possible path that energy and nutrients may take as they move through the ecosystem. All of the interconnected and overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a food web.

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It is a diagram that represents the flow of energy from one trophic level to another. It compares how much energy is consumed by each organism in an ecosystem. The pyramid of energy is upright because energy is lost at each trophic level. When energy is passed from one organism to the other, only 10% of the energy will be passed on and the rest will be lost as heat energy, therefore as you move up the pyramid less energy is available.