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where is all start for me, always had a love for construction

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construction over water amazing technology

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unique design that stands out

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if you can design you can build it

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old construction with a classic appeal

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old construction still standing

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a simple picture that shows key factors to construction planning and design

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this picture shows the dedication a iron worker has for his job in the field

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this picture shows two things for me one the love for construction ,and two the risk you have to take at times to get the job done.

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picture of inner city homes been built to improve people's lives

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where is all starts

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© 2008-2016 Gwen Dewar, all rights reserved

It's universal, and it's powerful: Toy blocks and other construction toys can change the way kids think. Building projects stimulate creativity, and sharpen crucial skills.

As developmental psychologist Rachel Keen notes, parents and teachers "need to design environments that encourage and enhance problem solving from a young age" (Keen 2011). And construction toys seem ideally suited to the purpose. Studies suggest they can help kids develop

motor skills and hand-eye coordination,

spatial skills,

a capacity for creative, divergent thinking,

social skills, and

language skills.

Moreover, children can integrate their own constructions into pretend play scenarios. There is also evidence that complex block-play is linked with advanced math skills in later life.

Here I review the cognitive benefits of playing with toy blocks. I also offer tips for making block-play more stimulating and rewarding. For more evidence-based information, see my article about construction and STEM skills, and this Parenting Science guide to educational toys and games.

Toy blocks promote spatial skills

Several studies have reported links between spatial skills and construction play.

For example, when Yvonne Caldera and her colleagues observed the construction activities of 51 preschoolers, they discovered a pattern. The kids who showed more interest in construction-- and built more sophisticated structures--performed better on a standardized test of spatial intelligence (Caldera et al 1999).

Similar links have been reported by others (Oostermeijer et al 2014; Richardson et al 2014; Jirout and Newcombe 2015), and the results make sense. Building structures encourages a child to test spatial relationships and mentally rotate objects in the mind's eye. Such practice might lead kids to develop superior spatial abilities, and an experimental studies offer evidence for this idea.

When a group of kindergartners were randomly assigned to engage in guided construction play, these kids subsequently outperformed their peers on tests of spatial visualization, mental rotation, and block building (Casey et al 2008).

And more recently, researchers tested the effects of a particular kind of building block play called "structured block play." This is what happens when we ask kids to reproduce a structure from a model or blueprint, and it appears to boost spatial learning.

After a group of 8-year-olds participated in just five, 30-minute sessions of structured block play, they showed improvements in mental rotation -- the ability to rotate and analyze 3-D shapes in the "mind's eye."

In addition, brain scans revealed changes in the way their brains processed spatial information. Kids in a control group did not exhibit these changes (Newman et al 2016).

Toy blocks and math skills

Block play has been linked with math skills, too. In one study, the complexity of a child's LEGO play at the age of 4 had long-term predictive power: More complex play during the preschool years was correlated with higher mathematics achievement in high school, even after controlling for a child's IQ (Wolfgang et al 2001; 2003).

Other research has revealed links between a preschooler's ability to recreate specific structures and his or her current mathematical skills (Verdine et al 2013). Investigators report similar results for tweens and adolescents (Oostermejier et al 2014; Richardson et al 2014). A study in the Netherlands found that 6th grade students who spent more free time in construction play performed better on a test of mathematics word problems (Oostermejier et al 2014).

Toy blocks and creative, divergent problem-solving

Psychologists recognize two major types of problem. Convergent problems have only one correct solution. Divergent problems can be solved in multiple ways.

Because kids can put together blocks in a variety of ways, block play is divergent play. And divergent play with blocks may prepare kids to think creatively and better solve divergent problems.

In one experiment, researchers presented preschoolers with two types of play materials (Pepler and Ross 1981).

Some kids got materials for convergent play (puzzle pieces).

Other kids were given materials for divergent play (chunky, block-like foam shapes).

Kids were given time to play and then were tested on their ability to solve problems.

The results? The kids who played with blocks performed better on divergent problems. They also showed more creativity in their attempts to solve the problems (Pepler and Ross 1981).

Toy blocks and cooperative play

Research suggests that kids become friendlier and more socially-savvy when they work on cooperative construction projects. For example, autistic kids who attended play group sessions with toy blocks made greater social improvements than did kids who were coached in the social use of language (Owens et al 2008; Legoff and Sherman 2006). Other research on normally-developing kids suggests that kids who work on cooperative projects form higher-quality friendships (Roseth et al 2009).

Toy blocks: Do they promote language development?

Maybe so.

In a study sponsored by Mega Bloks, researchers gave blocks to middle- and low-income toddlers (Christakis et al 2007). The kids ranged in age from 1.5 to 2.5 years, and were randomly assigned to receive one of two treatments.

1. Kids in the treatment group got two sets of toy Mega Bloks--80 plastic interlocking blocks and a set of specialty blocks, including cars and people--at the beginning of the study. The parents of these toddlers were given instructions for encouraging block play.

2. Kids in the control group did not get blocks until the end of the study. The parents of these kids received no instructions about block play.

Parents in both groups were asked to keep time diaries of their children's activities. Parents weren't told the real purpose of the study--only that their kids were part of a study of child time use.

After six months, each parent completed a follow-up interview that included an assessment of the child's verbal ability (the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories).

The results?

Kids in the group assigned to play with blocks

scored higher on parent-reported tests of vocabulary, grammar, and verbal comprehension, and

showed a non-significant trend towards watching less TV

It's not clear why block play had this effect. It could be that kids who spent more time playing with blocks also had more opportunities to talk with their parents. Possibly, the parents in the treatment group felt more motivated to report language improvements.

Alternatively, block-play itself might help kids develop skills important for language development--like the ability to plan and recognize cause-and-effect sequences.

Construction play for lifelong learning: Older kids benefit too

We often associate construction play with toddlers, but we've no reason to think the benefits end when children enter school. As I note in this article, a recent pilot study suggests that first graders who engage in daily construction activities can boost their mathematics ability, spatial reasoning, and executive control.

Moreover, as mentioned above, studies of tweens and adolescents link construction play with superior performance on tests of spatial skills and mathematics (Oostermeijer et al 2014; Richardson et al 2014).

But I think the most compelling evidence comes from everyday experience. We know that people learn from practice, and builders who create small-scale structures must cope with the same physics that constrain the design of bridges and cathedrals.

That's why engineers and scientists build physical models: It helps them test and explore their ideas. If you want to get an intuitive grasp of how the forces of tension and compression work, hands-on experience with construction is invaluable.

So it seems pretty obvious that older kids also benefit from building. The key to keeping them engaged is finding age-appropriate, stimulating materials. LEGOs appeal to many, but my personal favorites are these planks: KEVA Contraptions Plank Set

, and KAPLA 200 Blocks Natural Unfinished Wood Pine Planks with Storage Bin and Guide Book

. These systems of identical planks have been featured as popular, hands-on exhibits in many science and children's museums. But beware -- building with them requires some dexterity, patience, and good humor. They topple easily, and may not be appropriate for young children who are still developing these skills.

Tips: Getting the most from your toy blocks

Engage young children by participating yourself.

The research above suggests that kids get more from block play when someone demonstrates how to build with them.

Stimulate pretend play with character toys and other accessories.

The experiment on language skills involved giving kids blocks and appropriately-scaled accessory toys, like people and cars. Such toys give kids ideas for construction projects (e.g., a barn for a toy cow) and encourage pretend play.

Combine block play with story-time.

Researcher Janie Heisner used toy blocks and block- accessories to illustrate parts of the stories she read to kids in a preschool (Heisner 2005). After each story, the kids were given access to the props. This tactic seemed to increase pretend play. It also gave kids ideas for things to build.

Challenge kids with specific building tasks.

Free-wheeling block play is important. But as I explain here, it's likely that kids also reap special benefits from trying to match a structure to a template. To get things started, suggest a type of structure to build. You can use pictures and diagrams to inspire or guide a construction project. For older kids, check out Carol Johmann's excellent book, Bridges: Amazing Structures to Design, Build & Test (Kaleidoscope Kids) and the Equilibrio Game.

Encourage cooperative building projects.

As noted above, cooperative building can help kids forge better social skills (Roseth et al 2008). For other tips, see these social skills activities.

Remember that fantasy is a valuable aspect of play.

Construction play seems so obviously mechanical, it's easy to think only of the development of practical engineering skills and forget the importance of mind-bending fantasy. As I've written in this blog post, however, kids may become more creative and inventive when they are exposed to stories about magic. So if your child's block-play seems more about Harry Potter than building bridges, he's likely still reaping important cognitive benefits.

Do construction toys inspire kids pursue careers in science, technology, math, or engineering? See my article about toy blocks and STEM skills.

References: Toy blocks and construction toys

Caldera YM, Culp AM, O'Brien M, Truglio RT, Alvarez M, and Huston AC. 1999. Children's Play Preferences, Construction Play with Blocks, and Visual-spatial Skills: Are they Related? International Journal of Behavioral Development; 23 (4): 855-872.

Casey BM, Andrews N, Schindler H, Kersh JE, Samper A and Copley J. 2008. The development of spatial skills through interventions involving block building activities. Cognition and Instruction (26): 269-309.

Christakis DA, Zimmerman FJ, and Garrison MM. 2007. Effect of block play on language acquisition and attention in toddlers: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161(10):967-71.

Heisner J. 2005. Telling Stories with Blocks: Encouraging Language in the Block Center Early Childhood Research and Practice 7(2).

Ferrara K, Hirsch-Pasek K, Newcombe NS, Golinkoff RM and Shallcross Lam W. 2011. Block talk: Spatial language during block play. Mind, Brain, and Education (5): 143-151.

Jirout JJ and Newcombe NS. 2015. Building blocks for developing spatial skills: evidence from a large, representative U.S. sample. Psychol Sci. 26(3):302-10.

Kamii C, Miyakawa Y and Kato Y. 2004. The development of logico-mathematical knowledge in a block-building activity at ages 1-4. Journal of Research in Childhood19: 44-57.

Keen R. 2011. The development of problem solving in young children: a critical cognitive skill. Annu Rev Psychol.62:1-21.

Legoff DB and Sherman M. 2006. Long-term outcome of social skills intervention based on interactive LEGO play. Autism. 10(4):317-29.

Newcombe NS, Levine SC, and Mix KS3. 2015. Thinking about quantity: the intertwined development of spatial and numerical cognition. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 6(6):491-505.

Oostermeijer M, Boonen JH and Jolles J. 2014. The relation between children's constructive play activities, spatial ability, and mathematical word problem-soving performance: a mediation analysis in sixth-grade students. Frontiers in Psychology 5 Article 782.

Pepler DJ and Ross HS. 1981. The effects of play on convergent and divergent problem solving. Child Development 52(4): 1202-1210.

Richardson M, Hunt TE, and Richardson C. 2014. Children's construction task performance and spatial ability: Controlling task complexity and predicting mathematics performance. Percept Mot Skills. 119(3):741-57.

Roseth CJ, Johnson DW, and Johnson RT. 2008. Promoting Early Adolescents' Achievement and Peer Relationships: the Effects of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Goal Structures. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 134, No. 2: 223-246.

Sprafkin C, Serbin LA, Denier C and Connor JM. 1983. Sex-differentiated play: Cognitive consequences and early interventions. In MB Liss (ed), Social and cognitive skills: Sex roles and child's play. New York: Academic Press.

Stiles J and Stern C. 2009. Developmental change in young children's spatial cognitive processing: Complexity effects and block construction performance in preschool children. Journal of Cognition and Development (2): 157-187.

Verdine BN, Golinkoff RM, Hirsh-Pasek K, Newcombe NS, Filipowicz AT, Chang A. 2013. Deconstructing Building Blocks: Preschoolers' Spatial Assembly Performance Relates to Early Mathematical Skills. Child Dev. 2013 Sep 23. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12165. [Epub ahead of print]

Wolfgang CH, Stannard LL, and Jones I. 2003. Advanced constructional play with LEGOs among preschoolers as a predictor of later school achievement in mathematics. Early Child Development and Care 173(5): 467-475.

Wolfgang, Charles H.; Stannard, Laura L.; & Jones, Ithel. 2001. Block play performance among preschoolers as a predictor of later school achievement in mathematics. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 15(2), 173-180.

Image of minecraft Legos by minecraft 21115 / flickr (attributions and no deriv)

Image of girl with Legos by Baltimore Public Library / flickr

Content of "Toy Blocks" last modified 12/16

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It's universal, and it's powerful: Toy blocks and other construction toys can change the way kids think. Building projects stimulate creativity, and sharpen crucial skills. As developmental psychologist Rachel Keen notes, parents and teachers "need to design environments that encourage and enhance problem solving from a young age" (Keen 2011).

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construction talks in jamaica

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DESPITE a depressed economy, reduced buying power among citizens and beaurocratic challenges hampering the construction industry in Jamaica, some contractors, architects and housing developers say they are somewhat optimistic that things will change for the better.

"From the reports that we have had, several major projects should come on stream, so we are cautiously optimistic," Deanall Barnes, vice-president of ARC Systems, manufacturers and distributors of building materials, said in a panel discussion on issues facing the sector at the Jamaica Observer last Wednesday.

"We speak about the Caymanas economic zone," Barnes said. "There are several major hotel projects that are coming on stream. Riu (hotel chain) has started and White Diamond hotel (formerly Star Fish) is doing some work," he said.

"Our research has shown that domestic construction, which is really the backbone of the country, that although there has been a significant downturn in that, there is still activity there. Because the truth is, contrary to what most persons believe, and I am talking about raw construction, that is the backbone and bedrock of the construction industry. So despite facing difficult times we see that persons still want to put on a little room here and there and take their little time and continue their activities. So we are very optimistic, and once the Government does what is required to ensure the Caymanas economic zone port expansion and all these many projects come on stream, then it should all go well for the construction industry," Barnes said.

The Special Economic Zone, proposed for the Caymanas Estates lands in St Catherine, should consist of 1,500 acres of prime real estate situated at the confluence of the major population centres of Kingston, Spanish Town and Portmore, of which 40 acres have been marked for the development of Phase 1 of an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Park.

Delays have plagued the starting of infrastructural work at the proposed business development, which was initially slated to begin last August. The Factories Corporation of Jamaica (FCJ) said then that it was aiming for the US$210-million (J$18-billion) project to begin around October 2012.

Barnes later explained that other major developments should take place at the Sangster International Airport in Montego Bay - which will include an extention complete with a new runway- and the construction of the Portmore Hospital in Newlands, St Catherine.

But according to Barnes, several issues confront the building industry today that serve to depress the vibrancy of the sector, not the least of which are high interest rates.

"We would like to see lower interest rates, because lower interest rates would spur some developments which would do well for our trade," he said.

"The issue of foreign exchange devaluation could be looked at in two ways. Obviously, from our perspective, there is an increase in our buying costs, and because of the average reduction in disposable income, less is being purchased. Albeit there are several players who were engaged in the importatation of building materials before, but because of what has been happening in the last six, seven months you have less persons importing now," Barnes said. "So as a result, companies like ourselves will probably not see a significant reduction in activities."

Michael Lake, president of the Jamaica Developers' Association, added that the construction sector needs to perform at maximum capacity to help save the Jamaican economy.

"At the end of the day we do need construction to ramp up to its maximum in Jamaica because it is one of the largest employers of basic labour, and that's the truth," Lake said.

"We are in a period of low interest rates which generally fosters more activities, more development. But there is a concern because what happens is that you will find it will only foster a certain type of development because of the challenges that exist in the market," Lake said, pointing to delays in building approvals by state agencies and municipal government.

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Construction sector hungry for big gov't projects

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DESPITE a depressed economy, reduced buying power among citizens and beaurocratic challenges hampering the construction industry in Jamaica, some contractors, architects and housing developers say they are somewhat optimistic that things will change for the better.

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where is all started

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Built during a time when Egypt was one of the richest and most powerful civilizations in the world, the pyramids-especially the Great Pyramids of Giza-are some of the most magnificent man-made structures in history. Their massive scale reflects the unique role that the pharaoh, or king, played in ancient Egyptian society. Though pyramids were built from the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the close of the Ptolemaic period in the fourth century A.D., the peak of pyramid building began with the late third dynasty and continued until roughly the sixth (c. 2325 B.C.). More than 4,000 years later, the Egyptian pyramids still retain much of their majesty, providing a glimpse into the country's rich and glorious past.

The Pharaoh in Egyptian Society

During the third and fourth dynasties of the Old Kingdom, Egypt enjoyed tremendous economic prosperity and stability. Kings held a unique position in Egyptian society. Somewhere in between human and divine, they were believed to have been chosen by the gods themselves to serve as their mediators on earth. Because of this, it was in everyone's interest to keep the king's majesty intact even after his death, when he was believed to become Osiris, god of the dead. The new pharaoh, in turn, became Horus, the falcon-god who served as protector of the sun god, Ra.

Did you know? The pyramid's smooth, angled sides symbolized the rays of the sun and were designed to help the king's soul ascend to heaven and join the gods, particularly the sun god Ra.

Ancient Egyptians believed that when the king died, part of his spirit (known as "ka") remained with his body. To properly care for his spirit, the corpse was mummified, and everything the king would need in the afterlife was buried with him, including gold vessels, food, furniture and other offerings. The pyramids became the focus of a cult of the dead king that was supposed to continue well after his death. Their riches would provide not only for him, but also for the relatives, officials and priests who were buried near him.

The Early Pyramids

From the beginning of the Dynastic Era (2950 B.C.), royal tombs were carved into rock and covered with flat-roofed rectangular structures known as "mastabas," which were precursors to the pyramids. The oldest known pyramid in Egypt was built around 2630 B.C. at Saqqara, for the third dynasty's King Djoser. Known as the Step Pyramid, it began as a traditional mastaba but grew into something much more ambitious. As the story goes, the pyramid's architect was Imhotep, a priest and healer who some 1,400 years later would be deified as the patron saint of scribes and physicians. Over the course of Djoser's nearly 20-year reign, pyramid builders assembled six stepped layers of stone (as opposed to mud-brick, like most earlier tombs) that eventually reached a height of 204 feet (62 meters); it was the tallest building of its time. The Step Pyramid was surrounded by a complex of courtyards, temples and shrines where Djoser could enjoy his afterlife.

After Djoser, the stepped pyramid became the norm for royal burials, although none of those planned by his dynastic successors were completed (probably due to their relatively short reigns). The earliest tomb constructed as a "true" (smooth-sided, not stepped) pyramid was the Red Pyramid at Dahshur, one of three burial structures built for the first king of the fourth dynasty, Sneferu (2613-2589 B.C.) It was named for the color of the limestone blocks used to construct the pyramid's core.

The Great Pyramids of Giza

No pyramids are more celebrated than the Great Pyramids of Giza, located on a plateau on the west bank of the Nile River, on the outskirts of modern-day Cairo. The oldest and largest of the three pyramids at Giza, known as the Great Pyramid, is the only surviving structure out of the famed Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was built for Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops, in Greek), Sneferu's successor and the second of the eight kings of the fourth dynasty. Though Khufu reigned for 23 years (2589-2566 B.C.), relatively little is known of his reign beyond the grandeur of his pyramid. The sides of the pyramid's base average 755.75 feet (230 meters), and its original height was 481.4 feet (147 meters), making it the largest pyramid in the world. Three small pyramids built for Khufu's queens are lined up next to the Great Pyramid, and a tomb was found nearby containing the empty sarcophagus of his mother, Queen Hetepheres. Like other pyramids, Khufu's is surrounded by rows of mastabas, where relatives or officials of the king were buried to accompany and support him in the afterlife.

The middle pyramid at Giza was built for Khufu's son Pharaoh Khafre (2558-2532 B.C). The Pyramid of Khafre is the second tallest pyramid at Giza and contains Pharaoh Khafre's tomb. A unique feature built inside Khafre's pyramid complex was the Great Sphinx, a guardian statue carved in limestone with the head of a man and the body of a lion. It was the largest statue in the ancient world, measuring 240 feet long and 66 feet high. In the 18th dynasty (c. 1500 B.C.) the Great Sphinx would come to be worshiped itself, as the image of a local form of the god Horus. The southernmost pyramid at Giza was built for Khafre's son Menkaure (2532-2503 B.C.). It is the shortest of the three pyramids (218 feet) and is a precursor of the smaller pyramids that would be constructed during the fifth and sixth dynasties.

Who Built The Pyramids?

Though some popular versions of history held that the pyramids were built by slaves or foreigners forced into labor, skeletons excavated from the area show that the workers were probably native Egyptian agricultural laborers who worked on the pyramids during the time of year when the Nile River flooded much of the land nearby. Approximately 2.3 million blocks of stone (averaging about 2.5 tons each) had to be cut, transported and assembled to build Khufu's Great Pyramid. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus wrote that it took 20 years to build and required the labor of 100,000 men, but later archaeological evidence suggests that the workforce might actually have been around 20,000.

The End of the Pyramid Era

Pyramids continued to be built throughout the fifth and sixth dynasties, but the general quality and scale of their construction declined over this period, along with the power and wealth of the kings themselves. In the later Old Kingdom pyramids, beginning with that of King Unas (2375-2345 B.C), pyramid builders began to inscribe written accounts of events in the king's reign on the walls of the burial chamber and the rest of the pyramid's interior. Known as pyramid texts, these are the earliest significant religious compositions known from ancient Egypt.

The last of the great pyramid builders was Pepy II (2278-2184 B.C.), the second king of the sixth dynasty, who came to power as a young boy and ruled for 94 years. By the time of his rule, Old Kingdom prosperity was dwindling, and the pharaoh had lost some of his quasi-divine status as the power of non-royal administrative officials grew. Pepy II's pyramid, built at Saqqara and completed some 30 years into his reign, was much shorter (172 feet) than others of the Old Kingdom. With Pepy's death, the kingdom and strong central government virtually collapsed, and Egypt entered a turbulent phase known as the First Intermediate Period. Later kings, of the 12th dynasty, would return to pyramid building during the so-called Middle Kingdom phase, but it was never on the same scale as the Great Pyramids.

The Pyramids Today

Tomb robbers and other vandals in both ancient and modern times removed most of the bodies and funeral goods from Egypt's pyramids and plundered their exteriors as well. Stripped of most of their smooth white limestone coverings, the Great Pyramids no longer reach their original heights; Khufu's, for example, measures only 451 feet high. Nonetheless, millions of people continue to visit the pyramids each year, drawn by their towering grandeur and the enduring allure of Egypt's rich and glorious past.

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Built during a time when Egypt was one of the richest and most powerful civilizations in the world, the pyramids-especially the Great Pyramids of Giza-are some of the most magnificent man-made structures in history. Their massive scale reflects the unique role that the pharaoh, or king, played in ancient Egyptian society.

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underwater construction

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a6                    construction at rio brazil 

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a6                    construction at rio brazil 

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Olympic Games start in Rio de Janiero, Brazil on August 5 - just 37 days away - but venues are far from ready

Daily Mail Online visited series of locations where sports will be played in front of millions of spectators

But only one of the new buildings ordered for the Games is complete and facilities are still under construction

Crucial subway link will only be completed four days before the Opening Ceremony

American athletes change location for final practice for games and some will even go to Argentina to train

Games already have threat of Zika and big names including Jason Day and LeBron James staying away

Brazil is facing crisis of impeached president and massive pile of debt which has hung over preparations

Up to a quarter of all seats could be empty because huge number of tickets are unsold - and unaffordable to locals

Olympic organizers are battling to save the $10 billion Games from becoming a fiasco, Daily Mail Online can reveal.

The games are engulfed in a desperate last-minute building and repair operation as the first of more than 10,000 athletes begin to arrive in Rio.

Daily Mail Online discovered the Rio Olympic authorities have their work cut out for them with only five weeks and two full days to go before the Opening Ceremony on August 5.

And these exclusive pictures show, that despite being given seven years to prepare, vital roads, transport and structural work are still to be completed. In contrast, 90 per cent of construction of the venues for the 2012 Games in London was completed with a year to go.

The clock is ticking down towards when the 750-strong US team are due to appear in the opening ceremony while crucial development of facilities is still needed.

The combination of unfinished facilities along with safety and health fears, have also led US athletes to make late changes to their travel plans with some heading to Argentina instead to prepare.

Athletes and fans will be disappointed to discover that Rio has still not managed to sign off several key venues for the 2016 games and the city is littered with Olympic eyesores.

BUT RELAX... AT LEAST THE HANDBALL STADIUM IS READY...

FOUR OLYMPIC ZONES IN ONE CITY

Electrical cables hang from above over cracked walkways in streets leading to venues, footbridges are closed off due to unfinished cementing and key transport links are in chaos.

Cracked footpaths, collapsed drains and waters filled with garbage and smelling of raw sewage are adding to the Olympic misery.

Seating in several spectator stands have yet to be installed and some stands are propped up by scaffolding as builders carry out the work which many would have hoped would have been completed months ago.

These are sights that the International Olympic Committee would not have expected to see after awarding the games to Rio seven years ago.

Inside the main Olympic Park at Barra, about an hour from the center of Rio, the sound of constant drilling and banging illustrates the urgency.

Construction diggers work around the clock to prepare land around the arena where Britain's Andy Murray will try to defend his tennis Olympic title.

Organizers insist the tennis arena's courts and seating are complete, but teams of workers are still tending to the problems.

Daily Mail Online found scaffolding being used by construction workers around the tennis arena's stands and truck after truck ferrying tons of concrete and rubble from where work is continuing in the area.

Men wearing safety helmets lined up like 'chain gangs' on perimeter roads, drilling, painting, excavating and installing squares of grass.

At the X-Park at Deodoro Olympic Park, a few miles away, scores of workers are busy installing seating and spectator facilities.

Three events, Mountain and BMX competition and canoe slalom, are set to be held there, but work is some way from being completed.

Dozens of constructors are still attempting to build spectator facilities, complete internal roads and outer fencing.

A group of carpenters worked busily erecting wooden viewing areas for the canoe slalom and rows of plants which were installed in the hope they would be ready for the games, have failed to flourish

THIS IS WHAT THEY SAID IT WOULD LOOK LIKE...

WILL THE SEATS EVEN BE FULL?

Several spectator stands remain without seats installed and the skeletal stands present an eerie image. The seats, we discovered, were stacked a few hundred yards away in containers.

One of the biggest let-downs is the late completion of the much-vaunted new metro extension from the center of Rio to Barra.

Thousands of Olympic fans are expected to use the service daily to access venues at Barra, but the new train line will fall about five miles short of the Olympic Park as finance has ran out.

Olympic fans will be frustrated to find they will be forced to wait for buses to take them onto the venues.

The subway extension is still being built and contractors are on site with diggers and other construction equipment while traffic is pushed away to allow work to continue.

When Daily Mail Online visited the Jardim Oceanico station, which was meant to be finished last year, dozens of workers were beneath the streets drilling and installing panels.

The subway extension was due to be open and running months ago, but officials now say it will be in operation from August 1, four days before the Games.

It links Ipanema and Copacabana beach areas to Barra Olympic Park.

Only event ticket holders, athletes and media covering the Games will be allowed to use the link.

Locals expressed fears that insufficient time will have been allowed for safety tests and runs.

The escalators were covered in dust and workers were carrying out their tasks in the dark.

Across the street, the bus station where spectators will be directed to, was far from complete with heavy lifting machinery and diggers at work.

Traffic is set to be nightmare around the Olympic Park at Barra where motorists will have a single lane to enter and leave the area.

The second lane has been commandeered and turned into an 'Olympic Rio 2016' route with promises that athletes will need only 10 minutes to reach their events from the village.

On top of the rush to prepare the Olympics for more than 500,000 visitors, officials are sending out reassurances that the feared Zika virus will not be a danger to those who defy advice by the World Health Organization and travel to Brazil.

Infested open waters near Olympic complexes are being land filled to prevent mosquitoes, which carry the Zika virus, from laying their eggs and worsening conditions.

Golfers Rory McIlroy, who would compete for Ireland, and Australia's Jason Day, the world number one, have pulled out citing the fear of Zika.

A series of NBA athletes are also not going - including LeBron James, who left the Cleveland Cavaliers to victory in the NBA finals earlier this month, and Steph Curry, whose Golden State Warriors he defeated.

Neither mentioned Zika in their reasons for not attending, but

Ponds and swamps near the Olympic Park in Barra, where 17,000 athletes will be housed, emit a foul stench.

Workers have been urinating into the water and in fields nearby where they were working to complete venues.

One local resident Christina Silva, 25, said she had tentatively welcomed the Olympics, but had since changed her stance.

'Many young people like me felt the same; that the Olympics would be good for Brazil. But I have since realized it is going to be good for two weeks and means very little to us as Brazilians.

'Having the World Cup here in 2014 and then the Olympics so close, is too much. We are a poor country and it is far more important to spend the money on health care. There has been a lot of words of corruption and the costs have gone up and up.

'It has made me feel very uncomfortable but there is nothing ordinary Brazilians can do. Most people cannot even afford to have tickets.'

... BUT THIS IS REALITY - HOLES IN THE GROUND AND FRANTIC WORKERS

Hector Siltar, 44, surveyed the Olympic Park and said: 'We the Brazilian public didn't want the games initially and now they have not even finished the building of it.

'We cannot afford all this work and all the more money that is being spent on it now.'

Another local Julianne Estervez , 32, said: 'These Olympics are for tourists only and not the people of Brazil. We do not have money to spend on our own transport, homes and transport and it is being wasted.

'It is insulting and embarrassing that first they take the money from public funds and then are in a panic to finish the facilities.'

Brazil is undergoing its worst economic crisis since 1930 with the economy, according to the World Bank, said to have shrunk by 3.7 percent in 2015 and 2.5 percent this year.

Rio's Olympic committee plans to have spent around $9.7 billion by the times the games begin on August 5 with the Opening Ceremony at the Maracana Stadium.

Rio's acting governor Francisco Dornelles has warned a lack of budget could result in the Olympics being a 'big failure' and that security and transport are his big worries.

Hanging over the Games are the country's massive political crisis.

Its president, Dilma Rousseff, has been suspended pending a possible impeachment trial, which could come at exactly the time the Olympics are due to begin.

The corruption scandal saw her accused of fraudulently doctoring the public finances, leading to the senate and congress voting for her to be put on trial and leading to the vice-president, Michel Temer, being installed as acting president as she stood aside.

THE BIGGEST STARS KEEP FALLING: WHO'S DROPPED OUT OF RIO SO FAR AND WHY...

And the wider economy is in peril - unemployment is approaching 10 per cent, and inflation is at that level, while the acting president's moves towards deep spending cuts to address spiraling debt is controversial.

The state of readiness has already begin to affect preparations among athletes for the Games.

US Olympic sources said some athletes who had hoped to be in Rio this week had been forced to divert to Buenos Aires for training as they feared conditions were not right in Rio.

'They need clean air and facilities that are what world-class athletes need to compete at their best at the Olympics' said one official in Barra.

'Those are not available here right now. There is dust from the construction and bad smells from some of the water which isn't what our athletes need after four years of preparation.

'They'll be staying in some mountain areas in Argentina and travel to Brazil in good time. But it isn't the best here right now. They need to step it up in Rio.'

US officials have also been dismayed that two shipping containers, carrying key medical supplies for American athletes, are being held in the port at Rio de Janeiro.

They were put onto a boat at Houston, Texas, on May 31 and arrived in Brazil last week, but have been impounded until Rio officials have scoured the containers and verified paper work.

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Shekhar Bhatia In Rio De Janiero, For Dailymail.com

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Rio Olympics venues far from complete with just 5 weeks to go

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Olympic Games start in Rio de Janiero, Brazil on August 5 - just 37 days away - but venues are far from ready Daily Mail Online visited series of locations where sports will be played in front of millions of spectators But only one of the new buildings ordered for

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new technology

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Thanks to improved technologies, mechanical engineering in construction has found itself more efficient and, at the planning stage, cheaper.

Richard Beattie, a mechanical engineer and president of MEC² in Baltimore, MD, says the industry is moving toward BIM-building information modeling-a collaborative design between the architect structure which allows designing in 4D.

"You identify conflicts on the same documents so we can work collaboratively, allowing people in the field to see the building," he says. "You see everything in 2D when you look at drawings-it's in the plan view, like looking at the floor plan of your house. That's how construction has been done for 100 years but you can't see depth so when you have confined space you don't know if something designed would hit the sprinkler, pipe or HVAC duct."

Previously, you had to wait for the architect of the drawing then have a structural person see how the floor would be. That kind of coordination doesn't happen at the design level but has to happen at the field level and causes delays and overruns, Beattie says. "We say that if you put something on a drawing you have a 50% chance of getting it installed," Beattie laughs. "But if you can show it in 3D you can get it up to 80-90%."

Another major technology is variable refrigerant volume. It operates water sources such as a heat pump but doesn't use water directly. Magnetic bearing chillers are also leading the way, Beattie says. "Instead of using bearings to allow shafts to rotate inside of refrigeration equipment, it uses magnets that cause impellers to float," Beattie explains. Allowing for zero friction, it is expensive technology but efficient.

Certification Issues

Beattie says one of the biggest issues is pushing green technology and LEED certification for buildings. In doing that, owners are looking for more accurate models.

"It means we develop computer models to predict performance of the building for electricity usage and gas usage," Beattie says. "You can spend a year working on the models. But so many variables can predict the difference between two different systems that predicting actual usage of the building is hard to do. The challenge is refining a modeling of building so it would be accurate and keep up with changes in codes."

Still, Beattie says it's an exciting time in construction because "everything is energy-drive," which only leads to more innovation. "Ten years ago, no house wanted to be first to put something in," he says. "But now manufacturers give tons of new product to the marketplace. Owners want to differentiate their building and don't want the same package. It's a chance for cutting edge. From a control standpoint you don't have to repeat cookie-cutter commodity designs. That makes it much more fun."

Eric Butterman is an independent writer.

We say that if you put something on a drawing you have a 50 percent chance of getting it installed," Beattie laughs. "But if you can show it in 3D you can get it up to 80-90 percent.
Richard Beattie, MEC²

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Technology Is the Future of Construction

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Richard Beattie, a mechanical engineer and president of MEC² in Baltimore, says the industry is moving toward BIM-building information modeling-a collaborative design between the architect structure that allows designing in 4D. From modeling to looking at technology such as variable refrigerant volume and magnetic bearing chillers, you'll get insight into where construction is heading from a mechanical engineering standpoint.

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building collapse

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11:26AM IL: [PHOTOS & VIDEOS IN EXTENDED ARTICLE] Ambulances are responding to a report of a building collapse on Nechoshet Street in Tel Aviv. It is reported to be a four-story building with people trapped inside. Addition information on this developing story to follow.

It appears that a crane collapsed in the Ramat HaChaiyal area near Assuta Hospital, causing the building collapse. This is not yet confirmed however.

Channel 2 News reports that first EMS units on the scene fear as many as 20 to 30 people are trapped in the rubble.

11:42AM IL: Six construction workers have been extricated from the scene, reported with only light injuries. A project foreman on the worksite of a four-story parking lot reports about 15 construction workers are under the rubble.

A crane collapse seems to have led to the collapse of the structure at this construction site.

The remaining structure is not stable as chunks of concrete are falling, making it impossible for rescue workers to reach the area until the situation is further evaluated.

11:48AM IL: Channel 2 is reporting a crane did not collapse, citing the construction is an underground parking facility. Channel 2 reports the top story of the structure collapsed on the lower floors at the intersection of Nechoshet and Barzel Streets.

Channel 2 is also reporting it took about 15 minutes for the first EMS units to arrive and due to the dangers of the scene, responding to the wounded and trying to extricate workers from the rubble is delayed.

11:54AM IL: MDA reports six persons being treated with one in serious condition enroute to Ichilov Hospital, 5 light (2 to Tel Hashomer and 3 to Beilinson Hospitals).

(YWN - Israel Desk, Jerusalem/Photos/Video: Media Resource Group)

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Building Collapse Reported in Tel Aviv [UPDATED 11:54AM IL]

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11:26AM IL: [PHOTOS & VIDEOS IN EXTENDED ARTICLE] Ambulances are responding to a report of a building collapse on Nechoshet Street in Tel Aviv. It is reported to be a four-story building with people trapped inside. Addition information on this developing story to follow.

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Innovation can be viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements,

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Innovation in construction projects - Designing Buildings Wiki

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Innovation needs to change from being just the application of good ideas to a process that can be managed, measured and controlled systematically. Consequently, the standardisation of innovation is very important. The key lies in considering innovation as a management process.

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Tappan Zee nightmare

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The Tappan Zee Bridge became a parking lot Tuesday when a construction crane collapsed on the span injuring four people, shutting down traffic and trapping motorists for hours.

The mid-Hudson mess began shortly after noon when the crane in place to help build a long-awaited replacement bridge slammed across seven lanes of the crossing, damaging the busy bridge and shutting it down for hours in both directions.

"We don't know exactly what caused the malfunction," Gov. Cuomo said after being briefed on the incident. "Sometimes equipment breaks and sometimes accidents happen. As simplistic as that sounds sometimes that's all there is to it."

Cuomo said the crane was sitting on the deck of the bridge under construction and was carrying a vibratory hammer when it collapsed. He said the crane and the hammer were being used to drive pilings into the earth, a routine construction procedure.

Cuomo said officials will investigate the cause of the accident. An official said the crane likely collapsed because of a problem with the crane, the hammer it was carrying or worker error.

"When the crane collapsed it went across both sides of what we call the old Tappan Zee Bridge," Cuomo told reporters with the bridge in the background. "Two cars had minor accidents in avoiding the falling crane, but miraculously there were no serious injuries whatsoever. No vehicle actually hit the crane. The traffic wasn't that heavy. We were very, very fortunate that the situation wasn't worse."

Three drivers and a bridge worker were injured. None of their injuries are life-threatening.

In Rockland, cars are being diverted from Interstate 87 onto the Palisades Interstate Parkway. Trucks are being routed off the Thruway at Exit 12.

In Westchester, drivers on Interstate 287 were being diverted onto Interstate 87.

Cars stuck on the bridge were turned around and sent back in their direction of travel. Cuomo said all the vehicles had been removed from the bridge and approaches.

Hours after the incident, work crews began taking apart the metal crane to clear it from the roadway.

Engineers inspected the bridge, and found "significant damage" along the bridge's southern-most lane. Three northbound lanes were opened shortly before 6 p.m.

Two southbound lanes were scheduled to be opened later in the evening. The damaged southbound lane will remain closed until structural damage is repaired, Cuomo said.

"The bridge is an old bridge," Cuomo said. "That's why we're replacing it in the first place. I am not comfortable opening the bridge. Even though the deck looks fine, you don't know what's happening underneath."

Drivers stuck in their cars for more than four hours were walking along the bridge to get a better look at the crane, some snapping pictures and posting them on social media.

"If the state of NY thinks I'm paying this Tappan Zee Bridge toll today, they are sorely mistaken," tweeted driver Kevin Powers, who was stuck at the South Franklin Street overpass. "Going on 2.5 hours."

The seven-lane, 3-mile cantilever bridge - the longest in New York State - opened to traffic in 1955. It was built for $81 million and designed to last 50 years.

In April 2013, after 10 years of heated debate, construction began on the new Tappan Zee Bridge, just a few yards from the old crossing. The new eight-lane bridge is designed to last 100 years and is scheduled for completion in 2018.

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Tappan Zee Bridge closed for hours after crane collapse that injured four people - NY Daily News

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The Tappan Zee Bridge became a parking lot Tuesday when a construction crane collapsed on the span injuring four people, shutting down traffic and trapping motorists for hours. The mid-Hudson mess began shortly after noon when the crane in place to help build a long-awaited replacement bridge slammed across seven lanes of the crossing, damaging the busy bridge and shutting it down for hours in both directions.

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a 1     Construction begins on Tioga Downs hotel

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a 1     Construction begins on Tioga Downs hotel

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Construction begins on Tioga Downs hotel

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Tioga Downs officials and community leaders on Tuesday broke ground on construction of a six-story, 161-room hotel at the entertainment and gaming venue in Nichols in Tioga County. Photo credit: Tioga Downs.

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Miami Pre-Construction Luxury Condo | SLS LUX BRICKELL

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Florida Condos Trump Hollywood / Miami Condos

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Jade Signature Sunny Isles Beach Luxury Condos

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Miami Pre-Construction Luxury Condo | SLS LUX BRICKELL

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construction in jamaica

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Complete Block House Build Conard 's Concrete Products LLC

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HOUSE CONSTRUCTION - LYNDON, ISLINGTON ST. MARY JAMAICA ( 2013)

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This five (5) apartment dwelling house was built out of concrete blocks and reinforced by 3/4 and 1/2 inch steel re-bars.My team and I worked night and day so as to it ready withing six months. The foundation was laid down wit NO compromise. We had difficult times but with Christ Jesus in the vessel...

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Discovery Channel-Singapore SkyPark-Build it Bigger

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sciencechannel #discoverychannel #Engineering #bigbiggerbiggest #builditbigger #ExtremeEngineering #megastructures #RiodeJaneiroPowerGrid #KuwaitsAlHamraTower #SouthAfricasMponengGoldMine #SanFranciscoBayBridge #GotthardBaseTunnel #SingaporeSkyPark Discovery Channel - Build it Bigger S04E01 Singapore Skypark (2010) Host Danny Forster takes us to Singapore, where the world\'s first ever Skypark is being built 650 feet in the air, on top of 3 soaring skyscrapers.

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the first round building

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Megastructures - Aldar HQ Abu Dhabi Worlds First Round Skyscraper Documentary National Geographic.

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Megastructures - Aldar HQ Abu Dhabi Worlds First Round Skyscraper Documentary National Geographic.

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10 Most Dangerous Roads in the World

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Himalayan Road James Dalton Highway Trollstigen Sichuan-Tibet Highway Skippers Canyon Road Stelvio Pass Atlanterhavsveien Eshima Ohashi Bridge BR-116 North Yungas Road Music Track

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Top 10 of the scariest, most unsafe highways, bridges and roads ever built. Car and truck accidents and deaths are a common thing on these streets. Subscribe to our channel: http://goo.gl/9CwQhg For copyright matters please contact us at: david.f@valnetinc.com The invention of the road dates back to ancient times thousands of years ago.

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interesting fact about construction

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Savar Building Citigroup Center Walt Disney Concert Hall Katowice Trade Hall Lotus Riverside Silver Bridge Kemper Arena John Hancock Tower Vdara Hotel & Spa Hotel New World

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10 Biggest Architecture Fails In The World

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Top 10 shocking architectural failures in history! Subscribe to our channel: http://goo.gl/9CwQhg For copyright matters please contact us at: david.f@valnetinc.com Other Videos You Might Like Roads You Wouldn't Want To Drive On https://youtu.be/ym4uVS-5tSA?list=PLXK3uPjJ22FUgkmE10ySoALx9YjknvXHI The Largest Things In The World https://youtu.be/V1lfjKqGgf8?list=PLXK3uPjJ22FUgkmE10ySoALx9YjknvXHI Description: Architecture is one of the most astounding and complex professions in the world today.

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The Future Of Residential Housing - Zero Energy Housing

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The Future Of Residential Housing - Zero Energy Housing

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The concept of insulated panels has previously been used in commercial building projects only. Bondor has now developed an insulated panel InsulWall® specifically for residential applications. Together with the already popular roofing product SolarSpan®, InsulWall® is expected to revolutionise Australian housing design and construction.

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project management

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How Were the Pyramids Built?

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where is all started

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Sandbox Construction Vehicles Dump Truck Surprise Toys Challenge Disney Cars Toys McQueen

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Disney Cars for Kids Nursery Rhymes Songs

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Cars for Kids | Dump Trucks! Truck Videos for Children | Construction Vehicles Toys Fun for Kids

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Hey guys! Today Izzy's Toy Time is playing with dump trucks, diggers, excavators, and dinosaurs. Check out all of our construction vehicles for kids! We have tons of them! Family fun from Izzy's Toy Time.

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Ashtrom construction company have been in Jamaica for many years and stands proud behind all the buildings and community programs they have constructed.

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Ashtrom Building Systems Ltd., Builders and Contractors Providing Housing, Infrastructure Development in Jamaica

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’At Plaza construction we strive to excel in every service we provide’’, and I found innovation to be a huge area in which they excel.

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At Plaza Construction our mission is to excel in every service we provide, adding value for our customers wherever possible, and thereby attaining national leadership in the construction industry.

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Theodore Williams Construction company dedicate to maintain the highest standards in the industry and efficiently manage even the most intricate and complex projects.

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Do You Have A Construction Project We Can Help With? Get a quote Timeless Integrity. Approaching nearly five decades of renovating some of New York's best known corporate interiors, we know that design trends come and go but the highest quality

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We are committed to delivering the highest quality solutions, and creating the most efficient facilities for our clients. A statement like that speaks volume and that’s my reason for choosing Hensel Phelps construction company.

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People

Our people are the most dedicated, knowledgeable, highly-trained, and skilled builders in the country. We develop and nurture "homegrown" talent - the average tenure of a Hensel Phelps employee is 17 years - that allows us to pass down knowledge to each new generation, and allows our employees to develop into masters of their craft through years of experience. Every Hensel Phelps Employee is cross-trained in every aspect of our operation, and every employee shares in our success through ownership.

Process

Our process, developed in close collaboration with our partners and clients, combines industry knowledge, decades of experience, ingenuity and adaptability to deliver excellence to our clients. Whether it's a medical facility in Florida, an office park in Denver or an airport terminal in San Francisco, our process is uniform. Our extensive training, shared knowledge and trust in each other ensure that the Hensel Phelps Way is applied to every project, delivering the quality that our clients expect.

Partnership

At Hensel Phelps, we have longstanding relationships with our clients and our partners - from subcontractors to craft specialists to financing and beyond. We've developed these relationships based on mutual respect and earned trust. We work only with trusted professional partners, all of whom are well-versed in the Hensel Phelps Way. We consider ourselves partners with our clients, fully investing in every project and working towards our shared goals. We collaborate closely with clients and partners throughout the duration of each project, from development planning to construction to facility management.

Technology

While the principles of the Hensel Phelps Way originated with our founding in 1937, it is constantly adapting to take advantage of emerging technologies. We are always looking to revamp our tools to create new efficiencies that translate into better value for our clients, faster building schedules and real-time project reporting for progress and financials. Whether it's using Building Information Models (BIM) or MEO, our real-time, cloud-based, integrated building and management technology solution, utilizing technology is a critical component of the Hensel Phelps Way.

Safety, Quality, Sustainability & Technology

The Hensel Phelps Development team demonstrated unparalleled leadership in both technical and management aspects, while demonstrating outstanding sensitivity to the architectural aspects of this key Urban Development. Their ability to work professionally and amiably is second to none; all while maintaining budgets and time restraints through candid clear communication. I have full confidence in the capability and talent of Hensel Phelps and believe they are a premier developer and builder with tremendous experience.

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About Hensel Phelps & The Hensel Phelps Way | Hensel Phelps

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Our people are the most dedicated, knowledgeable, highly-trained, and skilled builders in the country. We develop and nurture "homegrown" talent - the average tenure of a Hensel Phelps employee is 17 years - that allows us to pass down knowledge to each new generation, and allows our employees to develop into masters of their craft through years of experience.

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i like the community involvement and the educational jobs that parkinson construction embarks on

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Paul Risk Construction located in Pennsylvania focuses on design build projects, that means clients get a one stop shop that saves time

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c 4
New south construction drew my attention for two reasons, first they are located in Atlanta my place of interest, and secondly how big they are on sustainability which is key. l

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In 2008, Doug Davidson stood in front of New South Construction Co. Inc. employees and explained that although it appeared the construction industry was going into a downturn, New South was not going to participate. Davidson told his employees: "We're going to come out the other end the same company or better."

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Turner construction in Atlanta focuses heavily on safe “Living injury free everyday “that’s the number one reason why I would like to work for them and also I would love to work in Atlanta for my internship .

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Turner has a culture of innovation and promotes advances in technology, sustainability, lean practices, building information modeling, safety, community involvement, learning and development, and knowledge sharing.

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C2
Bechtel over the years have been involved deep in environmental safety which stood out for me when I read their companies article

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Engineering, Construction & Project Management

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Learn why Bechtel is one of the most respected engineering, construction, and project management companies in the world.

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C1
A Family oriented company with a strong community involvement for youths, to improve the social standards  in different areas all over the U.S.A.

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We're a national technical builder specializing in complex, sustainable projects that utilize our in-house expertise and passion for measurable results.