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Check out that emotion

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Lutheran-After Martin Luther, was the second most widespread denomination in HRE after the Protestant Reformation because the Peace of Augsburg allowed princes to choose between Lutheran and Catholic

Calvinism-was technically illegal but had a large amount of followers in the HRE

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The counter reformation is the Catholic Church met to talk about the changes the reformation caused. They pretty much kept everything the same except removing indulgences.
Ignatius of Loyola was followed by the Jesuits. The counter-reformation started from the criticisms of the Reformation movement ideals.

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Spanish Ha(b/p)sburgs began their Catholic inquisitions into the Netherlands and other non-Catholic European areas in order to religiously unify the continent in the way they had at home. In doing this, they were able to claim only parts of the Netherlands, as England sent reinforcements to Netherlands prevent total Catholic domination. The closing of some important trade river in the Netherlands brought rise to Amsterdam as a leading urban center of Europe. Also caused the Ha(b/p)sburg empire to be able to totally encircle France (Spain, Ha(b/p)sburg Netherlands, eventually HRE).

~Aneesh

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The treaty ended all hostilities in the HRE. Its main tenant is that it allowed the ruler of a feudal state to decide which religion was enforced. It also gave legitimacy to Calvinists, the Swiss Confederacy, and the Netherlands. While it enforced peace, it also enforced the stereotype of Germany being a splinter state.

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Brought an end to the eighty years' war between Spain and the Dutch as well as the German phase of the Thirty Years War. The Peace of Westphalia serves as a model for resolving future conflicts among warring European states.

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gave princes the right to decide the religion of the area they ruled in HRE

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The papal states belonged to the Pope, and was controlled by him.

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The papal states belonged to the Pope, and was controlled by him.

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Bohemnian Period: Began when Ferinindad II (Catholic) reinstated Catholicism as the state religion of Bohemia, which was under control of the Archduchy of Austria, which under the Peace of Ausgburg was given the right to enforce any faith they wanted in their own territory. The conflict broke out after the Defenstration of Prauge, where two diplomats from Fernindad were pushed out of a window into a pile of poo. They then declared the Calvinist leader of the Palatinate, Fredirck as King of Bohemia.
The conflict ended in a decisive Catholic Victory, where Fernindad II, Maximilian of Bavaria and the Duke of Saxony waged war against the Protestants.

Danish Period: The Danish King, Christian IV, went to war in defense of Protestanism. Due to distrust between The Prince-Elector Maximilian, Duke of Bavaria, Fernindad II hired Czech mercenary commander Albrecht Von Wallenstein, to crush the Protestants once again and send the Danish running. Fernindad II began to enforce the restoration of Catholic Church lands from Luthereans( Edict of Restitution) Calvinism made illegal
-Catholic safeguards

Swedish Period: Wallenstein vs Gustavus Adoplhus. French begin to indirectly aid the newly reinvigorated Protestants. Catholics suffer defeat by the hands of the Swedes at the Battle of Brientenfield, where Sweden under Gustavus use new military tactics: Offensive and defensive: Cavalry and Infantry. Dutch involve themselves.

Killed by Wallensteins forces at the Battle of Lützen. However Wallenstein begins to offer his services to Protestants and is assassinated by Fernindad II.

Swedish-French Period: Majority of the HRE wanted peace through the Peace of Prauge, but the war was extended by French and Swedish and Spanish continuation for 13 Years: War Ends with Protestant victory, and leaves 8 Million Dead or Wounded.
Ended with Treaty of Westphallia, which reinstated the Peace of Augsburg, adding Calvinism to it. It granted Sweden Bremen-Verden, Western Pomerania, Wiemar

Division of the Palatiante, expansion of Prussia, Elector of Mecklenburg pays indemnity to Sweden of five million tallars
De Jure Dutch and Swiss independence.

END OF RELIGIOUS WARS IN EUROPE.

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a conflict between the monarchy, Parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure

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The Papal States was quite literally, the Popes State. It was a country within in Italy with the Pope as its head.

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Henry of Guise of Spain wanted to exclude Henry of Navarre (a descendant of the Valois family but a Bourbon) from the succession to the throne and launched a war against Henry III (the king) to seize power. Henry III teamed with Henry of Navarre against Henry of Guise and were able to defeat / neutralize / kill him. Henry III was later assassinated by a Catholic purist for teaming with a Huguenot (Henry of Navarre). Without any male heirs and in accordance with Salic Law, this left Henry of Navarre of the Bourbon family with the throne.

~Aneesh

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Mannerists and barque art was commissioned by monarchs, city states or churches to display their power using an art style of drama, illusion and distortion.