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- Google Images

- Appleby, Joyce Oldham., Alan Brinkley, and James M. McPherson. The American Journey. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1998. Print.

- That's the history book^

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The Civil War began when Confederate States attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Fort Sumter was a U.S. fort on an island guarding Charleston Harbor. The fort was low on supplies and the Confederate demanded its surrender. On April 12, 1861, Jefferson Davis' forces attacked Fort Sumter with an open fire. Fort Sumpter surrendered on April 14 and during the siege, thousands of shots were fired but there are no loss of lives. The Civil War had begun...

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When Lincoln was elected president, he spoke to seceding states directly. Virginia, Arkansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky chose to remain as slave states in the union, but the decision was not final. President Lincoln states, "the Union of these States is perpetual." Lincoln vowed to hold federal property in the South, and to enforce the laws of the United States and Lincoln pleaded with the South.

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John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry - 1859

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John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry - 1859

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On October 16, John Brown led a group on a raid on Harper's Ferry in Virginia. A storage site for weapons was his target. John Brown wanted to start a revolt against slave holders. John brown was sentenced to hang because he was defeated by local citizens and convicted of treason. Many people saw John as a martyr.

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The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case dealt a severe blow to antislavery forces and further divided the country. Dred Scott was an enslaved African American from Missouri. Scott wanted to be free because he has lived in the North before, he sued for his freedom. The case brought attention everywhere but Dred Scott was still enslaved.

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The Kansas -  Nebraska Act - "Bleeding Kansas" - 1854

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The Kansas -  Nebraska Act - "Bleeding Kansas" - 1854

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Kansas and Nebraska became free states. By letting Kansas and Nebraska become free states, they would be given more votes from the senate. Douglas proposed by letting the settlers in each territory vote on whether to allow slavery. This was popular sovereignty - allowing people to survive. Right after the Kansas Nebraska Act was passed, pro-slavery and antislavery groups rushed into Kansas. An outburst of violence happened with both sides arming themselves and the violence became inevitable, known as "Bleeding Kansas".

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The Fugitive Slave Act was a part of the compromise of 1850. This act was an attempt to pacify slaveholders. The Fugitive Slave Act required all citizens to help catch runaway salves. If anyone aided or disobeyed the fugitive, they would be fined or imprisoned. Southerners believed that the law would help Northerners recognize Southerners. After the passage of the fugitive of the Fugitive Slave Act, salve holders tried harder to catch runaway slaves.

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Southerner wanted a strong national law that required states to return fugitive, or runaway, enslaved people. California applied to become a free state, but, the slave holding states would be outvoted in the senate. Southerners talked about seceding from. or leaving the union. Clays wanted a stronger fugitive slave law that began a heated debate in congress. Clay's plan was opposed because Senator Calhoun felt that the union could be saved only by protecting slavery. Daniel Webster supported the plan and reasoned that slavery had little chance in the territories because the land was not suited to plantations. Stephen A. Douglas divided the plan into two parts that could be voted on separately. Finally, five bills were passed by congress in 1850. These bills were known as the Compromise of 1850.

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After the Mexican war began, a proposal was introduced by representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania. This proposal was called the Wilmot Proviso, it would ban slavery in any lands that might be acquired from Mexico. Southerners protested and did not want the Wilmot Proviso because they believed that any antislavery policy endangered slavery anywhere. Nat's proposal did not pass but it defiantly caused a bitter debate.

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Nat turner was an enslaved African American who did not rebel openly against his owner. He was a popular and religious leader among many enslaved people. In 1831, Nat led a group of followers on a brief rampage in Southampton County, Virginia. Nat was captured and hung but, before he was captured, Nat killed about 55 whites. Turner's rebellion led to more severe slave codes. Enslaved people could not own property, enter into contracts, or legally marry. Slave codes also spelled out the many restrictions that applied to free slaves as well.

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Many early settlers brought enslaved African Americans with them into Missouri. Missouri's constitution allowed slavery when Missouri applied for statehood. In 1819, 11 states allowed slavery and 11 states permitted slavery, the north and the south. These differences between the north and the south grew into sectionalism, an exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of the country. The Missouri compromise preserved the balance between slave and free states in the Senate. It also brought about a temporary, or brief, lull in debate over slavery.