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narrative of the life of frederick douglass

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SparkNotes: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: Themes

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A summary of Themes in Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and what it means. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans.

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Immigration History Archives - Boundless Immigration

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Posts about the history of immigration to the United States from the colonial era up to current events.

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The Miner's Strike-Why | The Socialist Party of Great Britain

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Why did 120,000 miners join what has become the longest, bitterest and most controversial strike in the British coal industry since 1926? Clearly, it is no answer to say that they are motivated by subversive political aims or that they have all been hoodwinked by nasty Arthur Scargill and the NUM leaders.

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Billy Elliot - London Calling by The Clash

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When he was 18 , he quit school and began a period between work and unemployement. He started to write during this period but he will not be published before 1990.

He wrote an adaptation of the movie Billy Elliot just one year after the film apparition in 2001 .
This movie was made by Stephen Daldry in 2000, and happened during miner's strike (1984-1985).

This strike was a big industrial action affecting the british coal industry. BBC has refered this stirke as « the biggest industrial dispute in British story »
The NUM voted to return to work and the strike ended on march the third in 1985.

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Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845)

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Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845)

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* Autobiography and slave narrative, written by frederick Douglass in the first person, in 1845.

Summary : At the age of ten or eleven, Douglass is sent to live in Baltimore with Hugh and Sophia Auld. Douglass overhears a conversation between them and comes to understand that whites maintain power over black slaves by keeping them uneducated.  So, he resolves to escape himself from slavery.

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[Writings :
- "A narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, 1845"

- Life and Times of Frederick Douglass.
- "The Heroic Slave".]

He was an African-American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman.

* He spent over twenty years as a slave before he succeeded in escaping to the north. The Boston anti-slavery society asked him to speak at meetings, which led him to write his Narrative. It made him famous.

*he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement from Massachusetts and New York.

Douglass wrote many autobiographies. He described his experiences as a slave in his 1845 autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, which became a bestseller, and was influential about the cause of abolition.

* he was a believer in the equality of all peoples, whether black, female, native American, or recent immigrant.

"I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong."

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 Design for St Mary Abbots workhouse in Kensington, London

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 Design for St Mary Abbots workhouse in Kensington, London

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"Etiquette" is the one word that aptly describes life during the reign of Queen Victoria.

For those in the upper echelons of society, rules such as the proper forms of address, and even what to wear (including which pieces of jewellery would be appropriate) were all considered very important.

For the lower class, the poor, there wasn't time for etiquette.

The Upper and Upper-Middle Class

From the slightest burp (social ruin if it was heard) to how a gentleman spoke to a young lady, Victorian society was greatly concerned with every aspect of daily life.

From the moment the upper class left their beds, their days were governed by do's and don'ts.

The horror of social ostracism was paramount.

To be caught in the wrong fashion at the wrong time of day was as greatly to be feared as addressing a member of society by the wrong title.

It was important to know whom you could speak with - especially if you hadn't been properly introduced.

For a woman, being asked to dance by a complete stranger could pose an etiquette problem which might have repercussions for days.

Young ladies were constantly chaperoned. To be found alone with a gentleman who was other than family was tantamount to social death.

Her reputation would be ruined and her gentleman companion would find himself the object of gossip, and most usually derision.

The established career for society women was marriage - full stop. They were expected to represent their husbands with grace and provide absolutely no scandal.

Charity work would be accepted, but only if it was very gentile... sewing for the poor, or putting together food baskets.

Gentlemen had to keep track of when it was proper to either smoke or have a glass of sherry in front of ladies.

When to bow and to whom to tip your hat could cause gossip if the wrong decision was made.

Members of Victorian society kept busy with parties, dances, visits, dressmakers, and tailors. Keeping track of what other people in your social class were doing was also a full-time occupation.

The People in the Middle

Being a servant in one of the grand Victorian houses was a position which would guarantee shelter and food. However, there was etiquette to be learned.

The upper class was never to be addressed unless it was absolutely necessary. If that was the case, as few words as possible were to be uttered.

Using the proper title was of the utmost importance. "Ma'am" or "Sir" was always appropriate. If "Ma'am" was seen, it was necessary that you 'disappear', turning to face the wall and avoiding eye contact.

Life was easier, though, amidst your fellow servants. Although private fraternization was frowned upon, it wasn't against the rules for those 'below stairs' to enjoy singing, dancing, and other social activities together.

Quite often the 'upper class' of the servant world, the butler and housekeeper, would put aside their lofty roles in the household and join their fellow servants in gaiety. But come the morning, they would reign supreme once again.

Having a profession was another way of being a member of the middle class of Victorian society. Shopkeepers, doctors, nurses, a schoolmaster, or parish priest were all notable professions.

Often times, the only difference between being a member of the upper-middle and the middle class was the amount of wealth you had gathered, and how it was flaunted.

Another indicator was the number of servants you employed.

Having more than one servant was a sure sign that you had money.

Sometimes, the 'uppers' and the 'middlers' would mingle.

If the proper introductions could be managed, it was possible for a tradesman to receive backing from a prominent 'upper' member.

With a successful business deal, both parties could increase their wealth and for the 'middler', their station in life.

The Lower Class

Victorian society did not recognize that there was a lower class.

'The Poor' were invisible. Those members of England who worked as chimney sweeps, ratcatchers, or spent their days in factories had no place in the echelon of the upper class, although their services would be needed from time to time.

The prevailing attitude was that the poor deserved the way they lived. If good moral choices had been made, the poor wouldn't be living the way they did.

The best way for society to deal with the poor was to ignore them. They were 'burdens on the public'.

There were people who cared, however. Unfortunately, in trying to help the lower class, conditions usually did not improve.

Workhouses were developed, but the living was horrendous and it was almost better to be back on the street.

Being just too busy trying to survive, etiquette played little part in the poor's daily existence. But that's not to say that pride wasn't available.

There was a 'social stigma' to applying for aid, and some families preferred to keep to themselves and figure out their own methods of survival.

Although Poor Laws were put into place, it wasn't until after the Victorian age ended that 'the lower class' was able, through education, technology, and reform, to raise itself, in some cases literally, out of the gutter.

Victorian society could be quite pleasant, but only depending on your financial status.
Article by "Tudor Rose"

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"Etiquette" is the one word that aptly describes life during the reign of Queen Victoria. For those in the upper echelons of society, rules such as the proper forms of address, and even what to wear (including which pieces of jewellery would be appropriate) were all considered very important.

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In 1834 a new Poor Law was introduced. Some people welcomed it because they believed it would:

reduce the cost of looking after the poor

take beggars off the streets

encourage poor people to work hard to support themselves

The new Poor Law ensured that the poor were housed in workhouses, clothed and fed. Children who entered the workhouse would receive some schooling. In return for this care, all workhouse paupers would have to work for several hours each day.

However, not all Victorians shared this point of view. Some people, such as Richard Oastler, spoke out against the new Poor Law, calling the workhouses ‘Prisons for the Poor’. The poor themselves hated and feared the threat of the workhouse so much that there were riots in northern towns.

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In the Nineteenth Century, orphan Oliver Twist is sent from the English victorian orphanage to a workhouse, where the children are mistreated and barely fed.  He'll experience many different situations including dangerous one.

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*English writer

Main novels : The adventures of Oliver Twist; Great expectations; David Copperfield.

* He wrote short stories at the beginning : A Dinner at Popular Walk.

* Dickens often denounce (Oliver Twist)

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(1920) Tells the lives and morality of post–World War I's youth.

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(1925) The story concerns the mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby, who is passionately in love and obsessed by Daisy Buchanan.
* Themes mentioned : Roaring Twenties, American Dream, Jazz Age, social upheaval, and excess.

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An interesting biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald.

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An interesting biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald.

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F. Scott Fitzgerald - Author | Mini Bio | BIO

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* American writer

* Main novels : The Great Gatsby; The Beautiful and Damned; This Side of Paradise (first novel about his first love Zelda).
* He also wrote short stories : Head and Shoulders.

* Representative of the Age of Jazz