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Location: Closer to surface, ribs 5-12, extends from xiphoid process to pubis.

Action: compresses abdomen and flexes vertebral column; contraction of one side alone bends vertebral column laterally and rotates it.

Unique Characteristics: The external obliques are a broad, thin pair of superficial muscles, they are roughly rectangular.

Common Injury: Abdominal external oblique tension This results in sudden sharp pain into the rib cage along with superficial bruising,

this affects the ribs and Internal obliques. Someone with this injury is likely to have pain around the ribs, and the lateral thoracic region. It would be painful for this person to move laterally and painful to touch their obliques.

Video

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Location
This muscle is located at the manubrium of the sternum. It extends from the mastoid process of the temporal bone down to the bottom of the neck. It stretches across the neck.
Action
This muscle shares nerve supply with the trapezius muscle. It divides the neck into anterior and posterior sections. The function is to help rotate your head from side to side. It also flexes the neck and extends the head.
Unique Characteristics
When you move your neck from one side to the other, you can feel this muscle move as well. It is also one of the largest muscles in the cervical region
Common injury
Swelling and redness can occur and possibly bruising when this muscle is overused. The most common way to injure this muscle is by doing any activity which requires you to look up or twist your neck from side to side.
Video

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Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Self Massage & Stretch

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Sternocleidomastoid Muscle - Function & Anatomy - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Find more videos at: https://www.kenhub.com Subscribe to our YouTube channel: http://bit.ly/VOEG2I The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a two-headed neck muscle. It is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and direct branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C2). The sternal head originates from the manubrium sterni, the clavicular head from the middle part of the clavicle.

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Location:
the buccinator is located in the maxilla and mandible
Action:
presses cheeks against teeth and lips,  draws corner of mouth laterally; assists in mastication (chewing) by keeping food between the teeth (and not between teeth and cheeks)
Unique Characteristics:
The buccinator is one of the first muscles that a person can control; the sucking reflex of a baby depends on it. Smiling, chewing, and whistling are all dependent upon it, and speech would be difficult and slurred without its proper function
Common Injury:
Bells Palsy
which is muscle weakness on one side of the face causing one half of face to droop. The most common  cause for Bells Palsy is inflammation.

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Location: Upper Back

Action: contraction of this muscle leads to abduction of arm at the shoulder joint. It also helps stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of the humerus firmly pressed medially against the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

Unique Characteristic: Without this muscle, the physician must aid the patient in abducting their arm, but eventually the patient can finish the action.

Common Injury: The supraspinatus is normally associated with shoulder impingement syndrome. This is caused by connective tissue rubbing on a shoulder blade. Later on, this can become muscle tendonitis.

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Location
The deltoid is located on the outer aspect of the shoulder on either side, and can be recognized by its triangular shape.

Action
The deltoids abducts, flexes, extends, and rotates the arm at the shoulder joints.

Unique Characteristics
The deltoid is attached to tendons at the clavicle, scapula, and numerous. It is widest at the top of the shoulder, and narrows as it travels down the arm.

Common Injury
Deltoid Muscle Tear
Excessive strain or overuse can lead to a deltoid muscle tear, and in some cases surgery is needed.

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Deltoid muscle origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply.

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Location:
It arises from the oval area on the dorsal surface of the inferior angle of the scapula.
Action:
The teres major is a medial rotator and adductor of the humerus and assists the latissimus dorsi in drawing the previously raised humerus downward and backward (extension, but not hyper extension).
It also stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity.
Unique Characteristics:
Together with the teres minor muscle, they form the auxiliary space, through which several important nerves and veins pass.
Common Injury
Isolated rupture

Cause: Over extending or over exerting the muscle.

Comorbidity: Generally happens if you play an extreme sport.

Primary Complaint: Swelling and retraction of the teres major at the lower scapular border.

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Teres Major Muscle - Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Action - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Find more videos at: https://www.kenhub.com Subscribe to our YouTube channel: http://bit.ly/VOEG2I The Teres major is a thick muscle of the shoulder joint. It originates at the dorsal surface of the inferior angle and the lower part of the medial border of the scapula, where you can easily palpate it.

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Location
Extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae, and laterally to the spine of the scapula.

Action
The trapezius has three different functional regions, the superior region, which supports the weight of the arm, the intermediate region, which retracts the scapulae, and the inferior region, which rotates and depresses the scapulae.

Unique Characteristic
The trapezius has three different fiber regions that each have there own functions.

Common Injury
Repetitive Stress Injury
Cause: Placing to much stress on the muscle and the joints around it.
Comorbidities: Pain in the upper back and harder to pick things up.
Primary Symptom: Pain...

Video

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Trapezius Muscle - Origin, Insertion, Actions - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Location
large muscle in upper chest, fanning across the chest from shoulder to breast bone (clavicle, sternum, cartilages of second to sixth ribs or first to seventh ribs)
Action
adducts and rotates arm medially at shoulder joint; flexes and extends arm at shoulder joint
Unique Characteristics
Not only does it play a part in the movement of the arm but it also in deep inhalation, pulling the ribcage to create room for the lungs to expand.
Common injury
Pectoralis major injuries are most commonly strains to the muscle caused by weight lifting (often due to bench press exercises) that place excessive strain on shoulder or chest. Although strains are the most common ruptures of this muscle are also not so rare. When your pectoralis major ruptures you would feel a painful snap in the front of the shoulder and chest. The muscle will then bunch up and deform and start to show bruising and swelling. The pectoralis major may tear in one of four places: tendon rupture off the humerus bone (most common), tear at the junction of the muscle and tendon, tear within the muscle belly itself, muscle tearing off the sternum (very rare). Patients who wish to return to active athletic and manual activities are likely to benefit from surgical repair.

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Pectoralis Major Muscle - Function& Origins - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Location
The flexor digitorum superficialis originates at the humerus, ulna and radius. The muscle is inserted throughout the middle phalanges of each finger.
Action
Flexes hand at wrist joint; flexes phalanges of each finger
Unique Characteristics
The tendons of the muscles of the forearm that attach to the wrist or continue into the hand, along with blood vessels and nerves, are held close to the bones by fascia. At the wrist, the deep fascia is thickened into fibrous bands
Common Injury
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the median nerve leads to sensory changes over the lateral side of the hand and muscle weakness in the thenar eminence. This results in pain, numbness, and tingling of the fingers.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S73NCeCIkyc

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Location
The temporalis, also known as the temporal muscle, is located on the lateral side of the skull. It arises from the temporal fossa and goes through the gap created by the zygomatic arch. It's slightly superior to each ear.

Action
The temporalis is the strongest muscle in the temporomandibular joint. The movement of the muscle causes for the elevation (or closure) of the mandable.

Unique Characteristics
Due it's location, the temporalis may be the central sight for "tension headaches". The temporal muscle is broad and fan-shaped, and is important in the process of chewing.

Common Injury
Bruxism (grinding of teeth) is a common cause of pain and damage to the temporalis. Bruxism can cause the muscle to become overworked and sore. Pain is usually felt on the side of the face, but it has the ability to spread down to the mandable. If bruxism persists, it can permanently damage or tear the temporalis.

Youtube Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rde5qudjiQY

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Location
The triceps brachii origin is the scapula and humerus.
Action
Extends forearm at elbow joint; extends arm at shoulder joint
Unique Characteristics
The triceps brachii has three heads: lateral medial, and long
Common Injury
The triceps brachii is uncommon to injure but the most common injury is a strain or rupture caused by sudden trauma or stretch. It is most often seen in weightlifters or people involved in sports where there is rapid and forceful elbow extensions. Symptoms may include abrupt pain and a popping sensation, pain upon elbow extension, stretching of the muscle produces pain or tension, tenderness, mild bruising, and mild swelling. Another injury usually involved with the triceps is triceps tendinitis.

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Triceps Brachii Muscle - Origin, Insertion & Innervation - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Do you like this video? Are you interested in interactive quizzes to learn anatomy? Try out https://www.kenhub.com Subscribe to our YouTube channel: http://bit.ly/VOEG2I The triceps brachii (triceps) is a large, three-headed muscle of the upper arm. All three heads together form a thick tendon which inserts at the olecranon of the ulna and additionally to the capsule of the elbow joint and antebrachial fascia.

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Location
The Infraspinatus, along with the supraspinatus, teres major, and teres minor, make up the posterior side of the scapula (shoulder) and inserts at the humerus.

Action
Rotates the arm laterally at the shoulder joint.

Unique Characteristics
The infaspinatus, along with the subscapularis, supraspinatus, and teres minor, form nearly a complete circle around the shoulder joint. This arrangement is called the rotator cuff.

Common injury
Impingement Syndrome

Cause: repeated movement of the arm over the head (common in athletes) or a direct blow or stretch injury.

Comorbidities: Can be accompanied by rotator cuff injury if movement is continued despite the pain.

Symptoms: Inflammation and pain

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Infraspinatus Muscle - Attachments & Action/Function - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Find more videos at: https://www.kenhub.com Subscribe to our YouTube channel: http://bit.ly/VOEG2I The infraspinatus muscle is the fourth muscle of the rotator cuff. It originates in the infraspinatous fossa of the shoulder blade and inserts on the greater tubercle as well. For more Human Anatomy video tutorials, interactive quizzes, articles and an atlas of Human Anatomy, go to https://www.kenhub.com !

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Location
The biceps brachii, along with the brachioradialis and coracobrachialis muscles, makes up the anterior compartment of the brachium (arm).

Action
Supination of the antebrachium (forearm) and flexion of the elbow; some flexion of the shoulder

Unique Characteristics
The biceps has two heads: long and short.

Common Injury
Biceps tendinitis or tendinosis

Cause: degeneration of the tendon repetitive overhead motion (particularly in athletes) or from the normal aging process.

Comorbidity: commonly accompanied by rotator cuff tears or SLAP (superior labrum anterior to posterior) lesions.

Primary complaint: deep, throbbing ache in the anterior shoulder

Click here for more information.

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Uploaded by 3D Anatomy Lyon on 2013-11-18.