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Máquinas de fax se han utilizado para enviar o recibir documentos en papel. A los documentos estándar de la máquina para ser enviados a otra máquina de fax. El usuario coloca el documento en la máquina de fax levantar el auricular y marque el número de fax Está, entonces el documento se imprime en otro equipo de fax.  Hoy en día hay una manera moderna llamada de fax electrónico, que consiste en el uso de la tecnología de red para enviar una fax. Tiene algunas ventajas y algunas desventajas: 1. no hay necesidad de utilizar papel 2. métodos Tranfers se inscripted dando más seguridad 3. No hay ningún problema de una "señal de ocupado" prevenir el fax que se envía.

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Should the intenet be policed?
yes:

prevent illegal material to be posted on websites.

it wouldnt be easy to find information such as how to be hacker

it would prevent children abuse.

it would stop the uploading of incorrect information.

no:

it would be expensive.

difficult to make regulation all over the world.

it would go against freedom  of information.

there are already some laws against illegal posts on websites.

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Is used to verify that data comes from a secure and trusted source.
Some forms of authentication include: digital certificates, biometrics and magnetic stripe cards/id cards/passports.
Magnetic stripe cards are made up of tiny magnetic particules on a plastic film.The stripe is read by swiping it through a card reader.
Contacless cards can be read from a distance and dont have to be swiped though a car reader. This cards also use holographic image which are designed to make forgery of the card more difficult.

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there is a risk of finding undesirable websites.
algo there is a risk  of connecting to the websites that are no genuine,which could lead to a number of problems.
security risks.

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Inappropriate sites and accuracy of information 

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Inappropriate sites and accuracy of information 

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Quality of information found on the internet when using a "search engine" is important. The main aspects to consider are:
-Reliability of information.
- Undesirability of social websites.
-Security issues.

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Is the communication method that uses both  video and sound. It is carried in a real time and makes use some form of network.
-Webcam
-Large monitors/television screen.
-Microphones
-Speakers

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-information on the internet is more likely to be up to date than in books.
it is easier to get information from websites .
there is a vast amounty of information on the internet that is easier to locate than using the indice in books.
information could also be incorrect , inaccurate , or even biased it doesnt go for any checking process.
-there is a risk of information overload , even if the search engines are used properly .

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Are used where computers or networks are situated a long distance from each other.
A WAN is formed by many LANs joined together using a router or a modem. the long distances between devices produces that the WANs make use of telephone line or satellites, also they can use dedicated or leased communication lines which can be less expensive and more secure.

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GATEWAY: node that takes you to a network, and to do so it need a switch or a router. If networks need to comunicate outside the network, it need to use a gateway.

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password used in many instances when accessing the internet for example:
.accessing your email accounts and social networking sites
,carrying out online banking
It is important that passwords are protected; some way of doing this are described below:
_run anti-spyware software to make sure that your passwords are being relayed back to whoever put the spyware to your computer
_change passwords on a regular basis in case they had come into the possesion of another user ilegally or accidentally
_passwords should not be easy top guess ort break; passwords are defined as either strong or weak. Strong passwords should contain: at least one capital letter, one numerical  value and other keyboard character.

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They provide wireless network communications over fairly short distances using radio or infared signals instead of cables. Access Points (APs) are connected into the wired network at fixed locations. Several APs are needed to permit an uninterrupted wireless communication. The AP receives and transmits the data between the WLAN and the wired network structure.
Advantages:

All computers can have access to the same services and resources

There is no cabling, so flexibility is improved

When you add new computers to the server is easy and the costs are reduced

Disadvantages:

Anyone can enter to the network with a WLAN-enabled laptop

There are problems of interference which can affect the signal

The data transfer rate is slower than in a wired LAN

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Routers enable data packets to be routed between the different networks. The main function is to transmit internet and transmission protocols between two networks and also allow private networks to be connected together.

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How to set up and configure a small network:

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How to set up and configure a small network:

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- Set up the system to allow for wireless connectivity.
- Configuring all the hardware and sofware so that they work correctly together.
- If internet is required ensuring that a high speed  broadband conection exists.
- Put all the common software onto a server and make sure that a network licence had been aquired .
- set up privilegies so that users can only access to their own area or common shared area .
- Set up a network manager level of privilege .

PURCHESES OF SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE:
- Switches, hubs and any other divices needed to link everything together.
- Network cables to connect divices together.
- When Internet is needed a router is required to do this.
- A firewall is needed to help protect against hacking.
- Servers to manage network security, store common software and files, and so on.

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Bluetooth sends and receives radios waves in a band of different channels, all centred on a 2.45 GHz frequency. Devices that use bluetooth, automatically detect and conect to each other. Each device picks a random channel, and if the channel is already being used, it picks another one. This is known as spread-spectrum frequency hopping.
It is useful to transfer data between devices that are close together, also, when the speed of data transmission is not critical and for low-bandwidth applications.
Bluetooth creates a secure wireless personal area network based on key encryption.

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Local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs)

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Local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs)

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A typical LAN will consist of a number of computers and devices that are connected to hubs or switches. One of these will be connected to a router and a modem to allow the LAN to connect to the internet; in doing so it becomes a part of a WAN.
Advantages:
-The sharing of resources.
-Ease of communication between users.
-A network administrator to control and monitor all aspects of the network.
Disadvantages:
-Easiest spread of viruses throughout the whole network.
-Printer queues developing.
-Slower access to external networks.
-Increased security risk to compare to stand-alone computers.
-If the main server breaks down, in most cases the network will no longer function.

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Are similar to Hubs, but they are more efficient and safer in the way that they distribute data packages. A MAC adress is used (media access control), having this means that info will only be sended to the adress that is only identified by a MAC.

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Internet protocol (IP) and media accsess control (MAC) adresses

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Internet protocol (IP) and media accsess control (MAC) adresses

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Internet protocol (IP) address (a unique address) is given to each device on internet.
(A 32-bit number). This is given to home computers when it connects to the internet.
This is assigned by the ISP and is unique for that particular internet session.
Web servers are the only ones that remain fairly unchanged.
IP adress can be used instead of typing in the full URL.

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Advantages over Wi-Fi:
-Faster data transfer rates.
-Can be more secure than wireless networks.
The cables can be either cooper or fibre optics.

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differences between IP addresses and MAC addresses.

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differences between IP addresses and MAC addresses.

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MAC addresses is a number that indentifies a device connected to the internet.Also the Mac address indentifies the device connected to the internet.
the IP addresses gives the location of a device on the internet. You can think of the IP as the addresses of the house you live in. So it is possible to move house (your IP will change) but the same people will be living in the new house (the MAC address will remain unchanged)

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Is a device that converts a computer´s digital signal into an analogue signal for transmission over an existing telephone line. Modems are use to allowed computers to networks over long distances using the telephone networks, they run at 60 KB. Modern broadband ADSL operates at up to 100 MB per second. The term ¨asymetric¨ actually means that the modem is faster at downloading data than it is at uploading data.
Although ADSL modems still use the existing telephone network, unlike dial-up modems they do not tie up the line while accessing the internet-they can always be ¨on¨, so internet access is available 24 hs if necessary, and the landline telephone can be use at the same time.

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Hardware devices used to connect together a number of devices to form a LAN, for example in the computer room of the school, one of them is used to connect all the computers.Is also used to distribute data between devices.

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Are devices that connect one LAN to another LAN that use the same protocol.
Are tend to used to interconnected LANs.For this reason a router is used to communicate with other network, for example internet.

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The data is carried in packets according to which protocol is used.
They contain the following information:
-headers to identify the data packets.
-the sender's/desiver's address.
-how many data packets make upthe whole 'message'.
-the identity number of each packet.
the router allows the packet information to go to a specific network destination.futhermore, it allows the data packets to be reassembled in the correct order according to identity number at the receiving station.
The destination IP address is checks against the store routing table,when a router receives a packet of data. The address is stored in the routing table, the assigned IP address and the lease time the IP address is assigned for. The correct route is pointed by the bits forming the destination IP address in the data packet. The packet is sent to a number of routers until it reaches its final destination.

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NIC( network interface card): if a device needs to connect to a network the NIC is needed, the NIC it is part od the device´s hardware and containce the MAC adress.