# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			An OpenAccess Journal of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
		
	

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			An OpenAccess Journal of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
		
	

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Study physicochemical and spectroscopic characterization of biofield energy treated p-anisidine on this open access journal of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry.

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			Biofield & Its Effect on Spectral Properties of pAnisidine
		
	

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			Biofield & Its Effect on Spectral Properties of pAnisidine
		
	

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Read more about the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine.

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Pharmaceutical Analytical

Trivedi et al., Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 2015, 1:1

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/paco.1000102

Volume 1 * Issue 1 * 1000102

Pharm Anal Chem Open Access

ISSN: PACO, an open access journal

The p -anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and

pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of bioeld energy treatment on the physicochemical

and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. The study was performed after dividing the sample in two groups; one

was remained as untreated and another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy treatment. Afterward, both

the control and treated samples of p-anisidine were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer,

differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), Fourier

transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed the increase in

with respect to the control. The surface area analysis exhibited the signicant increase (25.44%) in the surface area

of treated sample as compared to control. The DSC thermogram of control p-anisidine showed the latent heat of

fusion and melting temperature and 146.78 J/g and 59.41°C, respectively, which were slightly increased to 148.89

J/g and 59.49°C, respectively after bioeld treatment. The TGA analysis showed the onset temperature of thermal

degradation at 134.68°C in the control sample that was increased to 150.02°C after bioeld treatment. The result

showed about 11.39% increase in onset temperature of thermal degradation of treated p-anisidine as compared to

the control. Moreover, the Tmax (temperature at which maximum thermal degradation occurs) was also increased

slightly from 165.99°C (control) to 168.10°C (treated). This indicated the high thermal stability of treated p-anisidine

as compared to the control. However, the FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies did not show any signicant changes

in the spectral properties of treated p-anisidine with respect to the control.

All together, the XRD, surface area and thermal analysis suggest that Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy treatment has

the impact on physical and thermal properties of the treated p-anisidine.

Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1 , Alice Branton1 , Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Khemraj Bairwa2 and Snehasis Jana2*

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

*Corresponding author: Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt.

Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal-462

ReceivedAcceptedPublished

Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Bioeld Energy Treated

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

Dierential scanning calorimetry; Fourier transform infrared; Bioeld

NIH: National Institute of Health; NCCAM: National Center for

Complementary and Alternative Medicine; XRD: X-ray diraction;

DSC: Dierential scanning calorimetry; TGA: ermogravimetric

analysis; DTG: Derivative ermogravimetry; FT-IR: Fourier

Anisidine is an aromatic amine (methoxyaniline) and exists in

is widely used as an intermediate in the production of numerous

azo and triphenylmethane dyes, and pigments. It is also used in the

production of pharmaceuticals including the guaiacol expectorant

[2], as an antioxidant for polymercaptan resins, and as a corrosion

inhibitor for steel [3]. Apart from the benecial use of p-anisidine, it is

toxic for human beings. e acute exposure may cause skin irritation,

whereas the chronic exposure may cause headaches, vertigo, and blood

complications like sulemoglobin, and methemoglobin [3,4]. e oral

exposure to anisidine hydrochloride resulted in cancer of the urinary

bladder in male and female rats [5]. By considering the importance

of p -anisidine as an intermediate for the production of various dyes,

pharmaceuticals and several other organic products, it is advantageous

to nd out an alternate approach that can enhance the physicochemical

and thermal properties of p-anisidine in the useful way.

Recently, healing therapy or therapeutic touch is used as an

alternative treatment approach in several elds, and known as the

bioeld energy treatment. e National Institute of Health/National

Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NIH/NCCAM)

considered the bioeld energy (putative energy elds) treatment in the

subcategory of energy therapies used to promote health and healing

[6,7]. e bioeld treatment is being applied in the healing process to

reduce the anxiety, pain, and to promote the overall health of human

being [8,9]. Previously, it was reported that all the electrical processes

occurring in the human body have strong correlation with the

magnetic eld [10]. It is well known that moving charged particles like

ions, atoms, electrons etc. produces the electromagnetic radiation [11].

Similarly, the moving ions, and charged particles in the human body

also produced the bioenergetic eld that permeates and surrounding

the human body. is bioenergetic eld is called as bioeld and energy

associated with this eld is known as the bioeld energy [12]. e

eect of bioeld has been reported by several researchers on bacterial

cultures [13], antibiotics, proteins [14], and conformational change in

Volume 1 * Issue 1 * 1000102

Pharm Anal Chem Open Access

ISSN: PACO, an open access journal

Treated p-Anisidine . Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 6: 102. doi:10.4172/paco.1000102

Here, Mc and Mt are molecular weight of control and treated

Percentage change in crystallite size was calculated using following

e surface area of both the control and treated samples was

evaluated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area

analyzer, Smart SORB 90. Percent change in surface area was computed

using following equation:

% change in surface area 100

surface area of treated sample.

e control and treated samples of p-anisidine were analyzed using

a Pyris-6 Perkin Elmer dierential scanning calorimeter. e heating

rate was set to 10°C/min under air atmosphere with air ow rate of

5 mL/min. An empty pan sealed with cover was used as the reference

pan. e melting temperature (Tm) and latent heat of fusion (ΔH) were

obtained from the DSC thermogram.

e TGA-DTG analysis was carried out in order to investigate the

thermal stability of the control and treated p-anisidine. e studies were

performed on Mettler Toledo simultaneous TGA-DTG system. Both

the control and treated samples were heated from room temperature

to 400°C with a heating rate of 5°C/min under air atmosphere. e

onset temperature (at which thermal degradation started) and Tmax

(temperature at which maximum weight loss occur) in samples were

obtained from DTG thermogram.

For the FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic characterization, the

treated sample was divided into two groups i.e., T1 and T2. ese treated

groups were then analyzed using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and

data were compared with respective data of control sample.

FT-IR spectroscopic characterization

e samples for FT-IR spectroscopy were prepared by crushing

with spectroscopic grade KBr into ne powder. Finally, the mixture

was pressed into pellets with a hydraulic press and then used for FT-IR

analysis. e spectrum was recorded on Shimadzu's Fourier transform

infrared spectrometer (Japan) with the frequency range of 500-4000

cm-1 . e analysis was done to investigate the impact of bioeld energy

treatment at the atomic level like dipole moment, force constant, and

bond strength in chemical structure [26].

UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis

e samples were prepared in methanol for UV spectroscopy.

e UV spectra of the control and treated samples of p-anisidine were

acquired on Shimadzu UV-2400 PC series spectrophotometer with

quartz cuvette having slit widths of 2.0 nm. e wavelength of UV

analysis was set in the range of 200-400 nm. is study was performed

DNA [15]. us, the human has the ability to harness the energy from

the environment or Universe and transmit it to any living or nonliving

object on the Globe. e object(s) receive the energy and respond

into the useful way; this process is termed as bioeld treatment. Mr.

Trivedi's unique bioeld energy treatment is also known as e Trivedi

Recently, Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy treatment has been reported

to alter the physicochemical and thermal properties of several metals

and ceramics [16-18]. It has also been reported to alter the spectroscopic

properties of various pharmaceutical drugs like chloramphenicol,

tetracycline, metronidazole, and tinidazole [19,20]. Moreover, the

bioeld treatment has been studied in several elds like biotechnology

research [21], agriculture research [22,23], and microbiology research

Based on the signicant impact of bioeld energy treatment and

chemical importance of p-anisidine, this study was aimed to evaluate

the eect of Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy treatment on physicochemical

and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine using several analytical

techniques like XRD, surface area analysis, DSC, TGA-DTG analysis,

FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy.

e p -anisidine was purchased from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd.,

India. e p-anisidine was divided into two groups; one was remained

untreated (control group) and another was coded as treated group.

e treated group in sealed pack was handed over to Mr. Trivedi for

bioeld energy treatment under laboratory conditions. Mr. Trivedi

provided the bioeld energy treatment to the treated group through

his unique energy transmission process without touching the sample.

Aerward, both the control and treated samples of p-anisidine were

analyzed using various analytical techniques like X-ray diraction

(XRD), surface area analysis, dierential scanning calorimetry (DSC),

thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-

IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.

e XRD analysis of the control and treated p-anisidine was carried

out on Phillips, Holland PW 1710 X-ray diractometer with nickel lter

and copper anode. e wavelength used in XRD system was 1.54056 Å.

Percent change in unit cell volume was calculated using following

e molecular weight of atom was calculated using following

Molecular weight=number of protons × weight of a proton+number

of neutrons × weight of a neutron+number of electrons × weight of an

electron.

Molecular weight in g/Mol was calculated from the weights of

all atoms in a molecule multiplied by the Avogadro number (6.023 ×

1023 ).e percent change in molecular weight was calculated using the

Volume 1 * Issue 1 * 1000102

Pharm Anal Chem Open Access

ISSN: PACO, an open access journal

Treated p-Anisidine . Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 6: 102. doi:10.4172/paco.1000102

could be a probable cause for increase in surface area. As a result the

increase in surface area was observed in treated sample as compared to

DSC was used to determine the melting temperature and latent

heat of fusion (ΔH) of the control and treated p-anisidine. DSC

thermogram (Figure 3) of p-anisidine showed the melting temperature

at 59.41°C in the control and 59.49°C in the treated sample (Table

2). e result suggests no change in melting temperature of treated

sample as compared to the control. e melting temperature of

control p -anisidine was well supported by literature data [34]. DSC

thermogram exhibited the ΔHof 146.78 J/g in control sample and

148.89 J/g in the treated sample of p-anisidine. e result showed

about 1.44% increase in latent heat of fusion aer bioeld energy

treatment with respect to the control. e existence of internal strain

was evidenced by XRD data. us, it is assumed that presence of strain

might cause to move the molecules toward each other. As a result, the

intermolecular interaction in the treated sample might increase aer

the bioeld treatment and that might be responsible for increase in

the latent heat of fusion. Recently, our group has reported the bioeld

energy induced alteration in the value of latent heat of fusion of some

metals like lead and tin [17].

to evaluate the impact of bioeld energy treatment on the energy gap of

highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular

orbital (HOMO-LUMO gap) [27].

e XRD diractograms of control and treated p-anisidine are

shown in Figure 1. e control sample exhibited the XRD peaks at 2θ

equal to 12.98º, 13.19º, 18.68º, 18.89º, 22.20º, 25.70º, 26.10º, 26.63º, 28.01º ,

19.65º , 22.09º, 22.40º, 24.24º, 24.54º, and 28.31º. XRD diractogram of

both the control and treated p-anisidine showed the intense peaks that

suggest the crystalline nature of p-anisidine. Figure 1 clearly showed

the significant alteration in the intensity of XRD peaks in treated

sample as compared to the control. In addition, control showed the

most intense peak at 18.68, whereas it was found at 24.24 in treated

sample. It was reported that the change in crystal morphology causes

the alteration in relative intensities of the peaks [28]. Furthermore,

the alteration in 2θ values of treated sample as compared to the

control indicated that an internal strain was probably present in the

treated sample [29]. It is assumed that the energy, which probably

transferred through biofield treatment, might induce the internal

strain in the treated sample.

e unit cell volume, molecular weight and crystallite size of control

and treated p-anisidine were computed using Powder X soware and

data are depicted in Table 1. e unit cell volume of control and treated

e result showed slight increase in the unit cell volume in bioeld

treated sample as compared to control. Similarly, the molecular weight

of treated sample was also increased slightly (0.93%) with respect to

the control. It is hypothesized that the bioeld energy possibly acted

on treated p-anisidine crystals at nuclear level and altered the number

of proton and neutrons as compared to the control, which may led to

increase the molecular weight.

e crystallite size of the control p-anisidine was observed as

83.84 nm that was increased to 84.62 nm in the treated sample. e

result suggests a small increase in crystallite size of treated sample as

compared to the control. It was reported that increase in annealing

temperature signicantly aects the crystallite size of the materials. e

increase in temperature leads to decrease in dislocation density and

increase in number of unit cell, which ultimately causes an increase

in crystallite size [30,31]. It is postulated that bioeld treatment may

provide some thermal energy to p-anisidine molecules. As a result, the

dislocation density might be reduced and thus the number of unit cell

and crystallite size was increased.

e surface area of control and treated samples of p-anisidine was

determined using BET surface area analyzer and data are presented in

Figure 2. e surface area of the control and treated sample was found

increase in surface area by 25.44% in the treated sample as compared

to the control. It is well-reported that surface area is inversely

proportional to the particle size [32]. Based on this, it was assumed

that bioeld energy treatment may provid the energy to the p -anisidine

molecule that lead to reduction in particle size through energy milling

[33]. In addition, the XRD data also indiacted that surface morpholgy

of treated sample might changed aer the bioeld treatment, thus it

Figure 1: XRD diffractogram of p-anisidine.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated p-Anisidine - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The p-anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. The study was performed after dividing the sample in two groups; one was remained as untreated and another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Biofield Energy Treatment Impact on Properties of pAnisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Biofield Energy Treatment Impact on Properties of pAnisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The analyzed study data suggest that human biofield energy treatment has the significant impact on physical and thermal properties of the treated p-anisidine.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated p-Anisidine" by Mahendra Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The p-anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. The study was performed after dividing the sample in two groups; one was remained as untreated and another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Influences of Biofield Energy on Properties of p-Anisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Influences of Biofield Energy on Properties of p-Anisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
A test conducted to check the influences of Biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Biofield | Physicochemical & Spectral Properties of pAnisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Biofield | Physicochemical & Spectral Properties of pAnisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Overall study data assumed that biofield treated p-anisidine could be more useful as a chemical intermediate in the organic synthesis of various dyes and pharmaceuticals.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Characterization of Human Biofield Energy Treated pAnisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Characterization of Human Biofield Energy Treated pAnisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The p-Anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pharmaceuticals and pigments. Study this research to know about the impact of human biofield energy treatment on p-Anisidine.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated p-Anisidine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The p-anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated p-Anisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated p-Anisidine
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The present study aimed was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. Study more!

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			16S rDNA Gene Sequencing on Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			16S rDNA Gene Sequencing on Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Molecular approach using standard 16S rDNA analysis showed that biofield energy treatment has significant impact on pseudomonas fluorescens. Study this research to know more!

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Antimicrobial & Biochemical Reactions Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Antimicrobial & Biochemical Reactions Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study result suggest that the biofield energy treatment could be used as better alternate of existing drug therapy in future. Study the research to know more!

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Research Article Open Access

Clinical & Medical Biochemistry:

Trivedi et al., Clin Med Biochemistry Open Access 2015, 1:1

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/cmbo.1000101

Volume 1 * Issue 1 * 1000101

Clin Med Biochemistry Open Access

ISSN: CMBO, an open access journal

Bacterial Identification Using 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing and

Antibiogram Analysis on Biofield Treated

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1 , Alice Branton1 , Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Mayank Gangwar2 and Snehasis Jana2*

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Bioeld therapies have been reported to improve the quality of life as compared to other energy medicine. The

uorescens) for antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotype

number. P. uorescens cells were procured from MicroBioLogics Inc., USA in sealed packs bearing the American

Type Culture Collection (ATCC 49838) number and divided in control and treated group.The effect was evaluated on

day 10, and 159 after bioeld treatment in lyophilized state. Further study was performed on day 5, 10, and 15 after

retreatment on day 159 in revived state as per study design. All experimental parameters were studied using automated

MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship

of P. uorescens with other bacterial species after treatment. The results showed improved sensitivities and decreased

MIC value of aztreonam, cefepime, moxioxacin, and tetracycline in revived and lyophilized treated sample with respect

to the control. Arginine, cetrimide, kanamycin, and glucose showed altered biochemical reactions after bioeld treatment

on nucleotides homology and phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, treated sample was detected to

be Pseudomonas entomophila (GenBank Accession Number: AY907566) with 96% identity of gene sequencing data,

which was nearest homolog species to P. uorescens (Accession No. EF672049). These ndings suggest that Mr.

Trivedi's unique bioeld treatment has the capability to alter changes in pathogenic P. uorescens even in the lyophilized

storage condition and can be used to modify the sensitivity of microbes against antimicrobials.

state; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Biochemical reactions; Biotype; 16S

NCCAM: National Center for Complementary and Alternative

Medicine; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid; ESBL: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase;

MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; MEGA: Molecular

evolutionary genetics analysis; NBPC30: Negative breakpoint combo

panel 30; NCBI: National center for biotechnology information; OTUs:

Operational Taxonomic Units; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; RDP:

Ribosomal database project

e genus Pseudomonas is a group of ubiquitous Gram-negative

rod shaped bacterium mostly present in soil, and water surfaces.

Pseudomonas infections are related with high morbidity and

mortality [1], and common species isolated from clinical specimen is

uorescens) is a member of the uorescent pseudomonas group and

mostly regarded to be of low virulence and an infrequent human

infection [3]. P. uorescens is a heterogeneous species that can be

subdivided by various taxonomic criteria into several biotypes [4].

Complete genome sequence was reported in two strains, namely P.

uorescens Pf-5 genome consist of 87 RNAs and 6137 proteins, and P.

uorescens PfO-1 genome consist of 95 RNAs and 5736 proteins [5,6].

Lyophilization or freeze drying is the most widely used storage

methods for drying bacteria or other biological materials. It may be

considered as a two-stage process of freezing and drying. Freezing

has been extensively used in case of cells and tissues [7], which can

be convenient for the survival of microorganisms. Even sensitive

microorganism showed satisfactory recoveries, if proper care must be

taken with respect to temperature control, suspending media, and rate

of cooling [8]. On the other hand, drying is also more advisable storage

condition for sensitive microorganism. Above methods involved

removal of moisture from a frozen solution or suspension in a high

vacuum, but few exceptions in case of nonviable materials, especially

proteins and tissues. is approach has been extensively used for

dierent substance in past 40 years by numerous investigators [9,10].

Although, alterations in microbes cannot be happened in lyophilized

state without any strong energy transmission. In order to evaluate the

impact of Mr. Trivedi's bioeld treatment on lyophilized strain, study

was designed to investigate the alteration in antibiogram pattern and

its related parameters. Mr. Trivedi has the ability to harness the energy

from the environment or Universe and transmit this energy into any

object (living or nonliving) on the Globe. e objects always receive the

energy and responding into useful way that is knows bioeld energy.

is process is termed as bioeld treatment. Mr. Trivedi's unique

bioeld treatment is also known as e Trivedi Eect®. Bioeld, the

electromagnetic eld that surrounds the living organism will provides

regulatory and communication functions within the organism. Mr.

Trivedi's bioeld energy treatment was extensively studied in material

*Corresponding author: Dr. Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory

Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar, Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd.,

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015)

Bacterial Identication Using 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing and Antibiogram

Analysis on Bioeld Treated Pseudomonas uorescens. Clin Med Biochemistry

Open Access 1: 101. doi:10.4172/2167-065X.1000101

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under

the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted

use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015) Bacterial Identication Using 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing and

Antibiogram Analysis on Bioeld Treated Pseudomonas uorescens. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 1: 101. doi:10.4172/2167-065X.1000101

Volume 4 * Issue 1 * 1000101

Clin Med Biochemistry Open Access

ISSN: CMBO, an open access journal

science [11-13], agricultural science [14-16], in biotechnology [17]. It

is reported in altering the susceptibility of antimicrobials of pathogenic

microbes [18-20] and reduced the viral load in hepatitis C virus [21].

Aer consideration of clinical signicance of P. uorescens and

signicant impact of bioeld treatment on microbes, a detailed

investigation was studied to evaluate the impact of bioeld treatment

on P. uorescens. Treatment was assessed in relation to antimicrobials

susceptibility, biotyping based on various biochemical reactions.

Further, genotyping of this organism was performed using 16S rDNA

Lyophilized sample of Pseudomonas uorescens [American Type

Culture Collection (ATCC) 49838] was procured from MicroBioLogics,

Inc., USA, and stored as per suggested storage conditions until further

use. e acceptability of the identication media and antimicrobial

agents were checked prior to the study by ATCC organisms. e

antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, and biotype number

were evaluated on MicroScan Walk-Away® (Dade Behring Inc., West

Sacramento, CA) using Negative Breakpoint Combo 30 (NBPC30)

panel. e NBPC30 panel was stored at 2 to -25°C. e panels were

allowed to equilibrate to room temperature prior to rehydration. All

opened panels were used in same day. e 16S rDNA sequencing study

was carried out using Ultrapure Genomic DNA Prep Kit; Cat KT 83

(Bangalore Genei, India).

e turbidity standard technique using direct inoculation of

revived and lyophilized P. uorescens was used. Using a sterile wooden

applicator stick or bacteriological loop, the surface of 4-5 large or 5-10

small morphologically similar culture was touched for well-isolated

colonies from an 18-24 hour non-inhibitory agar plate. Further,

colonies were emulsied in 3 mL of inoculum water (autoclaved

deionized water) to an equivalent of a 0.5 McFarland barium sulfate

turbidity standard. 100 μL of the standardized suspension was pipetted

into 25 mL of inoculum water using pluronic and inverted 8-10 times.

Experimental design for lyophilized sample of P. uorescens was

divided into two main groups (Gr.) namely- Gr I and Gr. II

Group I: No treatment was given. Revived from lyophilized state

and considered as control. It was analyzed for antimicrobial sensitivity,

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions and

biotype number as per the standard protocol.

Group II: is group was divided into two separate sub parts

named as Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB.

bioeld treatment for the rst time in the lyophilized state itself and

then revived. Aer treatment, the analysis was done on day 10 for

antimicrobial sensitivity, MIC, biochemical reactions and biotype

number as per the standard protocols. Further, 16S rDNA sequencing

study was carried out in treated sample to study the genotypic alteration

Group IIB: It included the sample which was analyzed in Gr.

IIA. P. uorescens strain was stored for 159 days at -70°C, so that no

contamination would take place till they were revived again. Gr. IIB

was further subdivided in two groups named as Gr. IIB, study I and

Gr. IIB, study II.

Group IIB-Study I: Aer 159 days, antimicrobial sensitivity,

MIC, biochemical reactions and biotyping were performed as per the

Group IIB-Study II: e stored strain was revived from -70°C and

the revived culture was again subjected to Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy

treatment (re-treatment) on day 159. Aer bioeld retreatment, the

sample was sub-cultured into three separate tubes on 3 dierent days

(Day 0, Day 5 and Day 10) and was analyzed keeping the main treated

tube aside. Each sample was analyzed aer 5 days of its sub-culturing.

Bioeld treatment modalities

e lyophilized (Gr. IIA) sample of P. uorescens was subjected

to bioeld treatment followed by retreatment aer storing for 159

days in revived state (Gr. IIB, study II). e treatment group in sealed

pack was handed over to Mr. Trivedi for bioeld treatment under

laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his

energy transmission process to the treated groups without touching the

samples. Treated samples were assessed for antimicrobial sensitivity,

biochemical reactions, and biotyping as per experimental design.

Whilst handing over these cultures to Mr. Trivedi for retreatment

purposes, optimum precautions were taken to avoid contamination.

e 16S rDNA gene sequencing of P. uorescens was also carried out to

conrm the identity of sample aer bioeld treatment [19].

Antimicrobial sensitivity assay

Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of P. uorescens in each group was

carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan Walk-

Away® using NBPC30 panel, as per the manufacturer's instructions

[22]. MIC and the qualitative susceptibility pattern like resistant (R),

intermediate (I), or susceptible (S), were determined by observing the

lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth inhibition. All

these antimicrobials used in this study were purchased from Sigma-

e biochemical studies of P. uorescens were performed on

MicroScan Walk-Away® [22]. Biochemical reactions pattern were

carried out in all the tested group using 33 biochemicals viz. acetamide,

adonitol, arabinose, arginine, cetrimide, cephalothin, citrate, colistin,

esculin hydrolysis, nitrofurantoin, glucose, hydrogen sulde, indole,

inositol, kanamycin, lysine, malonate, melibiose, nitrate, oxidation-

fermentation/glucose, galactosidase, ornithine, oxidase, penicillin,

ranose, rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartrate, tryptophan deaminase,

tobramycin, urea, and Voges-Proskauer. All these biochemicals used in

this experiment were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.

e biotype number of P. uorescens was determined by automated

MicroScan Walk-Away® processed panel data utilizing biochemical

PCR amplication and gene sequencing of 16S rDNA

Genomic DNA was isolated and puried from treated group

of P. uorescens cells by using genomic purication Kit, as per the

manufacturer's instructions. e PCR product was bi-directionally

sequenced using the forward, reverse and an internal primer. DNA

16S region amplication was performed using the primer set 16SF-

16SR [23]. e 16S rDNA gene (~1.5 kb) was amplied employing

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015) Bacterial Identication Using 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing and

Antibiogram Analysis on Bioeld Treated Pseudomonas uorescens. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 1: 101. doi:10.4172/2167-065X.1000101

Volume 4 * Issue 1 * 1000101

Clin Med Biochemistry Open Access

ISSN: CMBO, an open access journal

in a Rapid Cycler thermo controller, with initial denaturation, annealing

and extension temperature. Following amplication, products were

analyzed by gel electrophoresis at 100 V (in 1.0% agarose gel, 0.2 µg

of ethidium bromide mL-1) in tris-acetate buer (TAE), and visualized

under UV light in a gel documentation unit (BioRad Laboratories,

USA). e amplied fragment of PCR was puried from the agarose

gel by DNA Gel Extraction Kit. Sequencing of amplied product was

carried out on commercial basis from Bangalore Genei, India. e

obtained 16S rDNA sequences data were aligned and compared with

the sequences, available in GenBank database of National Center for

Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the algorithm BLASTn

program. e multiple sequence alignment/phylogenetic tree were

constructed using MEGA 3.1 soware using neighbor joining method

Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility

e results of antimicrobial sensitivity aer bioeld treatment

on P. uorescens are summarized in Table 1. Bioeld treated cells of

P. uorescens showed alteration in sensitivity pattern of aztreonam,

cefepime, Cefotaxime, ciprooxacin, Piperacillin, and tetracycline.

Bioeld treatment in lyophilized state of P. uorescens showed

improved sensitivity in case of tetracycline i.e., from intermediate to

susceptible in Gr. IIA, on day 10 as compared to its control. Rest of the

tested antimicrobials did not show any alteration in Gr. IIA, on day 10

with respect of control.

All the antimicrobials were again tested on Gr. IIB, study I sample

and results showed alteration in two antimicrobials i.e., Cefepime

and Cefotaxime. Cefepime showed improved sensitivity i.e., from

intermediate to susceptible, while sensitivity of Cefotaxime was changed

from intermediate to resistant (Gr. IIB, study I) as compared to control

(Gr. I). only tetracycline showed changed sensitivity (i.e., S→I) in Gr.

IIB, study I (day 159) as compared to analysis done on day 10 (Gr.

IIA). However, results showed that most of the tested antimicrobials

(except cefepime and Cefotaxime) showed sustained sensitivity prole

on storage of treated P. uorescens strain for 159 days as compared to

Further study II (Gr. IIB) results showed alteration in sensitivity

pattern of tested antimicrobials aer bioeld retreatment in revived

state of P. uorescens, and compared with control. Results showed

that sensitivity was improved in case of aztreonam and Cefotaxime

antibiotics i.e., from resistant to intermediate on day 10 (Gr. IIB,

study II) aer retreatment compared with Gr. IIB, study I. Cefotaxime

showed altered sensitivity pattern from intermediate to resistant on

day 5 and 15 (Gr. IIB, study II) as compared to control. Ciprooxacin

showed altered sensitivity from susceptible to intermediate on day 15

(Gr. IIB, study II) aer retreatment as compared to control. Piperacillin

sensitivity was also altered from susceptible to intermediate on day 5

and day 15 (Gr. IIB, study II) with respect to control. Tetracycline

sensitivity was improved i.e., from intermediate to susceptible on day 10

(Gr. IIB, study II) as compared to control (Gr. I). Rest of antimicrobials

such as Amikacin, Ceazidime, ceriaxone, chloramphenicol,

gentamicin, Imipenem, levooxacin, Meropenem, Piperacillin/

tazobactam, Ticarcillin/k-clavulanate, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/

sulfamethoxazole did not show any alteration aer treatment in

lyophilized or revived state with respect to control.

Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Bioeld treatment in lyophilized and retreatment in revived P.

uorescens showed alteration in MIC values of antimicrobials with

respect to control. MIC values are summarized in Table 2. Tetracycline

showed two-folds decrease in MIC (8 µg/mL to ≤ 4 µg/mL) value in Gr.

IIA, day 10, i.e., aer bioeld treatment in lyophilized state with respect

to control (Gr. I). To study the sustained eect of bioeld treatment

on MIC values, analysis was done aer 159 days (Gr. IIB, study I).

Results showed that antimicrobials such as cefepime showed two-folds

decreased MIC i.e., 16 µg/mL to ≤ 8 µg/mL. Beside, altered MIC value

was also reported in ESBL-a Scrn (>4 µg/mL to ≤ 4 µg/mL), ESBL-b

Scrn (>1 µg/mL to ≤ 1 µg/mL), Cefotaxime (32 µg/mL to >32 µg/mL),

and Noroxacin (≤ 4 µg/mL to 8 µg/mL) as compared to control (Gr.

Gr. IIB, study II, results showed altered MIC values in ten

antimicrobials out of thirty-two tested. Decreased value of MIC was

reported in case of aztreonam (>16 µg/mL to 16 µg/mL), while two-folds

decreased MIC in moxioxacin (4 µg/mL to ≤ 2 µg/mL), tetracycline

(8 µg/mL to ≤ 4 µg/mL) on day 10 (Gr. IIB, study II) as compared to

control (Gr. I). Cefotaxime showed altered MIC (32 µg/mL to >32

µg/mL) on day 5 and 15, as compared to control (Gr. I). Noroxacin

(≤ 4 µg/mL to 8 µg/mL) showed two-folds decreased MIC on day 5

and 10, as compared to Gr. IIB, study I. Ciprooxacin, Gatioxacin

and Noroxacin showed increased MIC values on day 15 (Gr. IIB,

study II) compared to control, while MIC value of moxioxacin and

Piperacillin was altered on day 5, and 15 as compared to control. Rest

of the antimicrobials did not show any alteration in MIC value, aer

treatment in any group with respect to control.

Biochemical reaction study

e biochemical reactions of P. uorescens are reported in Table

3. Aer bioeld treatment, 12.12% alteration in biochemical reactions

was reported. Arginine and cetrimide showed negative reactions (i.e.,

positive (+) to negative (-)), while glucose showed positive reaction

(i.e., negative (-) to positive (+)) in Gr. IIA, day 10 as compared to

Further, to check the sustained eect on tested biochemicals,

analysis was performed on day 159, and the results showed alteration

in cetrimide i.e., again positive reaction on day 159 (Gr. IIB, study I),

as compared to results of day 10 (Gr. IIA). However, cetrimide and

kanamycin showed negative reaction aer retreatment in revived

state on day 5, 10, and 15 (Gr. IIB, study II) as compared to control.

Arginine showed negative reaction on day 5, while glucose showed

positive reaction on day 5 and 15 as compared to control (Gr. I). Rest

of the twenty-nine biochemical did not show any alteration in reaction

pattern with respect to control.

e biotype number of P. uorescens was determined on

MicroScan Walk-Away® processed panel, using biochemical reactions

data. Biotype numbers with organism identication are summarized

in Table 4. e result showed an alteration in biotype number (4000

0043) in Gr. IIA, day 10 and in Gr. IIB, studies II, day 10 with identied

organism as Vibrio uvialis as compared to control. Further results

showed an alteration of biotype numbers 4000 0043/0004 0022, with

control. Aer retreatment results showed alteration in biotype number

on day 5, 10 and 15 in Gr. IIB, study II as compared to control. Bioeld

treatment showed altered biotype numbers i.e., 4000 0043, 0204 0622,

and 4000 2043 observed on day 5, 10, and 15 respectively in Gr. IIB,

study II with respect to control. Altered microorganism was found on

day 15 as Vibrio uvialis with respect to control (Gr. I).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Bacterial Identification Using 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing and Antibiogram Analysis on Biofield Treated Pseudomonas fluorescens - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Biofield therapies have been reported to improve the quality of life as compared to other energy medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) for antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Biofield | Antibiogram Analysis on Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Biofield | Antibiogram Analysis on Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The results of antimicrobial sensitivity after biofield treatment on P. fluorescens are shown in this study. Biofield treated cells of P. fluorescens showed alteration in sensitivity pattern.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Bacterial Identification Using 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing and Antibiogram Analysis on Biofield Treated Pseudomonas fluorescens" by Mahendra Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Biofield therapies have been reported to improve the quality of life as compared to other energy medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) for antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Antibiogram Analysis on Biofield Treated Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Antibiogram Analysis on Biofield Treated Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Improved antimicrobial sensitivity and decreased MIC value of aztreonam, cefepime, moxifloxacin, and tetracycline in biofield treated Pseudomonas fluorescens showed significant impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Biofield Energy Treatment Impact on Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Biofield Energy Treatment Impact on Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Biofield therapies have been reported to improve the quality of life as compared to other energy medicine. The results showed improved sensitivities and decreased MIC value in revived and lyophilized treated sample with respect to the control.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Biofield | Bacterial Identification of Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Biofield | Bacterial Identification of Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study to check the significant impact of Biofield energy treatment on pseudomonas fluorescens for antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration, biochemical reactions and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Human Biofield Energy Treated Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Human Biofield Energy Treated Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of human biofield energy treatment on pseudomonas fluorescens for antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration, biochemical reactions and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Bacterial Identification Using 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing and Antibiogram Analysis on Biofield Treated Pseudomonas fluorescens

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Biofield therapies have been reported to improve the quality of life as compared to other energy medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) for

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Antimicrobial Sensitivity Assay on Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Antimicrobial Sensitivity Assay on Pseudomonas fluorescens
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of P. fluorescens in each group was carried out with the help of automated instrument. Study this research to know about the impact of biofield energy treatment on P. fluorescens.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Physical, Spectral & Thermal Properties of 1,2,4-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Physical, Spectral & Thermal Properties of 1,2,4-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of Mr. Trivedi biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole. The study was performed in two groups, control and treatment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated 1,2,4-Triazole

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Triazoles are an important class of compounds used as core molecule for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical drugs. The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Chemical & Physical Stability of Pharmaceutical Compounds-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Chemical & Physical Stability of Pharmaceutical Compounds-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The chemical and physical stability of the pharmaceutical compounds are more desired quality attributes that directly affect its safety, efficacy, and shelf life. Hence, it is required to explore some new alternate approach that could alter the physical and chemical properties of the compounds.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated 1,2,4-Triazole | Mahendra Trivedi | Alice Branton | Dahryn Trivedi | Gopal Nayak | Rama Mohan Tallapragada | Academic Room

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Triazoles are an important class of compounds used as core molecule for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical drugs. The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole. The study was performed in two groups, control and treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Loop | Effect of Biofield Treatment on 1,2,4-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Loop | Effect of Biofield Treatment on 1,2,4-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Click this research of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi to know more about the effect of biofield treatment on the physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Biofield Treatment Effect on 1,2,4-Triazole | Researchgate
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Biofield Treatment Effect on 1,2,4-Triazole | Researchgate
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Read more about the effect of biofield treatment on the physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole on Researchgate.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Triazoles
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Triazoles
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
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Volume 3 * Issue 2 * 1000128

J Mol Pharm Org Process Res

ISSN: 2329-9053 JMPOPR, an open access journal

Research ArticleOpen Access

Molecular Pharmaceutics &

Trivedi et al., J Mol Pharm Org Process Res 2015, 3:2

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-9053.1000128

*Corresponding author: Jana S, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt.

Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal

Received August 17, 2015; Accepted August 29, 2015; Published August 31, 2015

Citation:Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al.

(2015) Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Bioeld

Treated 1,2,4-Triazole. J Mol Pharm Org Process Res 3: 128. doi:10.4172/2329-

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1, Rama Mohan Tallapragada1 , Alice Branton1 , Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Rakesh Kumar Mishra2 and

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal-462026, Madhya Pradesh, India

Triazoles are an important class of compounds used as core molecule for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical

drugs. The objective of the present research was to investigate the inuence of bioeld treatment on physical,

spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole. The study was performed in two groups, control and treatment.

The control group remained as untreated, and bioeld treatment was given to treatment group. The control and

treated 1,2,4-triazole were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC),

Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA), Surface area analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.

XRD analysis revealed a decrease in unit cell volume of treated 1,2,4-triazole (662.08 10-24 cm3) as compared to

control sample (666.34 10-24 cm3). Similarly, a decrease in molecular weight of treated 1,2,4-triazole (69.78 g/mol)

with respect to control (70.23 g/mol) was observed. Additionally, a substantial decrease in crystallite size (G) was

observed in treated 1,2,4-triazole by 16.34% with respect to control. DSC analysis showed a slight increase in

melting temperature of treated 1,2,4-triazole (124.22°C) as compared to control (123.76°C). Moreover, a signicant

increase in latent heat of fusion was noticed in treated 1,2,4-triazole by 21.16% as compared to control sample.

TGA analysis showed a signicant increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax ) of treated

1,2,4-triazole (213.40°C) as compared to control (199.68°C). Surface area analysis using BET showed a substantial

increase in surface area of the treated compound by 13.52% with respect to control. However, FT-IR analysis

showed no structural changes in treated 1,2,4-triazole with respect to control. Overall, the result showed signicant

alteration of physical and thermal properties of the treated 1,2,4-triazole with respect to control.

Keywords: Bioeld treatment; 1,2,4-Triazole; X-ray diraction;

Dierential scanning calorimetry; ermo gravimetric analysis;

Surface area analyzer; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Abbreviations: XRD: X-Ray Diraction; DSC: Dierential

Scanning Calorimetry; TGA: ermo Gravimetric Analysis; FT-IR:

Fourier Transform Infrared.

Now-a-days research is focused towards the introduction of

novel and biologically safe therapeutic agents. Recently nitrogen-

containing heterocycles are commonly found in most of the medicinal

compounds. Triazoles are fused heterocyclic compounds that have

received considerable attention owing to their synthetic and medicinal

importance. Especially, 1,2,4-triazole was used as core molecule

for the synthesis of dierent pharmacological agents such as anti-

inammatory, CNS stimulants, sedative, anti-anxiety, antimicrobial,

and anti-migraine activity [1]. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives have received

considerable attention as antifungal agents such as uconazole and

itraconazole [2-4]. ese compounds have advantages due to its low

toxicity, high oral bioavailability and a broad spectrum of activity against

several fungi [5-7]. Kurtzer, et al. reported that 4-amino-5-mercapto-

3-substituted-1,2,4-triazole compound has excellent antifungal, anti-

inammatory and anti-tubercular activities that make them potential

chemotherapeutic agents [8].

e chemical and physical stability of the pharmaceutical

compounds are more desired quality attributes that directly aect its

safety, ecacy, and shelf life [9]. Hence, it is required to explore some

new alternate approach that could alter the physical and chemical

properties of the compounds. Mohammadi et al. used fast neutron and

gamma irradiation to investigate the thermal, structural and physical

properties of an organic compound [10]. Recently bioeld treatment

was used as an excellent strategy for modication of spectral properties

of various pharmaceutical drugs like paracetamol, piroxicam, and

physicochemical properties of metals, beef extract, and meat infusion

Recently it was discovered that electrical process occurring in

the human body has a relation with the magnetic eld. Rivera-Ruiz

et al. reported that electrocardiography has been extensively used to

measure the bioeld of the human body [14]. According to Ampere's

law, the moving charge produces the magnetic eld in surrounding

space. Likewise, human body emits the electromagnetic waves in the

form of bio-photons, which surrounds the body, and it is commonly

known as bioeld. erefore, the bioeld consists of an electromagnetic

eld, being generated by moving electrically charged particles (ions,

cell, molecule, etc.) inside the human body. us, human beings have

the ability to harness the energy from environment/Universe and can

transmit into any object (living or non-living) around the Globe. e

object(s) always receive the energy and responding in a useful manner

that is called bioeld energy. Mr. Trivedi's unique bioeld treatment

Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2015) Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of

Bioeld Treated 1,2,4-Triazole. J Mol Pharm Org Process Res 3: 128. doi:10.4172/2329-9053.1000128

Volume 3 * Issue 2 * 1000128

J Mol Pharm Org Process Res

ISSN: 2329-9053 JMPOPR, an open access journal

is also known as e Trivedi Eect®. Mr. Trivedi bioeld treatment is

known to transform the characteristics of various living and nonliving

things. e bioeld treatment has improved the growth and production

of agriculture crops [15-18] and signicantly altered the phenotypic

characteristics of various pathogenic microbes [19-21]. Additionally,

bioeld treatment has substantially altered the medicinal, growth and

anatomical properties of ashwagandha [22].

Based on the excellent outcome from bioeld treatment and

interesting pharmaceutical applications of 1,2,4-Triazole, this work

was undertaken to investigate the impact of bioeld treatment on this

1,2,4-triazole was procured from SD Fine Chemicals Limited,

India. e sample was divided into two parts; one was kept as a control

sample while the treatment group (T) was in sealed pack and handed

over to Mr. Trivedi for bioeld treatment under laboratory condition.

Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission

process to the treated group without touching the sample. e control

and treated samples were characterized by XRD, DSC, TGA, surface

area analysis, and FT-IR.

X-ray diraction (XRD) study

XRD analysis of control and treated 1,2,4-triazole was carried out

on Phillips, Holland PW 1710 X-ray diractometer system, which had

a copper anode with nickel lter. e radiation of wavelength used by

the XRD system was 1.54056 Å. e data obtained from this XRD were

in the form of a chart of 2θ vs. intensity and a detailed table containing

peak intensity counts, d value (Å), peak width (θ°), relative intensity

(%) etc. e crystallite size (G) was calculated by using formula:

Here, λ is the wavelength of radiation used, b is full width half-

maximum (FWHM) of peaks and k is the equipment constant (=0.94).

Percent change in unit cell volume was calculated using following

Percent change in unit cell volume=

e molecular weight of atom was calculated using following

Molecular weight= number of protons x weight of a proton +

number of neutrons x weight of a neutron + number of electrons x

weight of an electron.

Molecular weight in g/mol was calculated from the weights of

all atoms in a molecule multiplied by the Avogadro number (6.023 ×

1023 ). e percent change in molecular weight was calculated using the

Percent change in molecular weight=

Where, Mc and M t are molecular weight of control and treated

powder sample respectively

Percentage change in crystallite size was calculated using following

Percentage change in crystallite size=

Where, Gc and G t are crystallite size of control and treated powder

Dierential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

DSC was used to investigate the melting temperature and latent

heat of fusion (∆H) of samples. e control and treated 1,2,4-triazole

samples were analyzed using a Pyris-6 Perkin Elmer DSC on a heating

rate of 10°C/min under air atmosphere and air was ushed at a ow rate

of 5 mL/min. e sample was kept in an aluminum pan and covered

with a lid. Another blank covered aluminum pan was used as reference

Percentage change in latent heat of fusion was calculated using

% change in Latent heat of fusion100

Where, ΔH Control and ΔH Treated are the latent heat of fusion of

control and treated samples, respectively.

ermo Gravimetric Analysis-Dierential ermal Analysis

ermal stability of control and treated 1,2,4-triazole were analyzed

by using Mettler Toledo simultaneous TGA and Dierential thermal

analyzer (DTA). e samples were heated from room temperature to

400°C with a heating rate of 5°C/min under air atmosphere.

Percent change in temperature at which maximum weight loss

occur in sample was calculated using following equation:

% , , /, 100 changein TmaxTmax treatedTmax control Tmax control

Where, Tmax, control and T max, treated are the maximum thermal

decomposition temperature in control and treated sample, respectively.

Surface area of 1,2,4-triazole were characterized by surface area

analyzer, SMART SORB 90 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) using ASTM

D 5604 method which had a detection range of 0.2-1000 m2 /g. Percent

changes in surface area were calculated using following equation:

% change in surface area100

Where, SControl and S Treated are the surface area of control and treated

FT-IR spectra were recorded on Shimadzu's Fourier transform

infrared spectrometer (Japan) with frequency range of 4000-500 cm-

1. e treated sample was divided in two parts T1 and T2 for FT-IR

XRD diractograms of control and treated 1,2,4-triazole are shown

XRD diractogram of control 1,2,4-triazole showed intense

crystalline peaks at 2θ equal to 17.91°, 22.23°, 22.41°, 22.57°, 24.40°,

Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2015) Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of

Bioeld Treated 1,2,4-Triazole. J Mol Pharm Org Process Res 3: 128. doi:10.4172/2329-9053.1000128

Volume 3 * Issue 2 * 1000128

J Mol Pharm Org Process Res

ISSN: 2329-9053 JMPOPR, an open access journal

24.67°, 26.16°, 26.40°, 27.74°, 28.10°, 31.14°, 32.34°, 32.54°, 54.70° and

54.86°. Similarly, the treated 1,2,4-triazole showed crystalline peaks at

2θ equal to 18.00°, 18.20°, 18.97°, 22.26°, 22.44°, 22.65°, 23.77°, 24.42°,

24.70°, 26.21°, 26.37°, 28.12° and 31.32°. e result showed that few XRD

peaks of control 1,2,4-triazole originally present at 2θ equal to 22.57°,

24.67° and 28.10° were shied to 22.65°, 24.70° and 28.12° respectively,

in treated sample. Moreover, the intensity was signicantly increased

for these XRD peaks of treated 1,2,4-triazole as compared to control,

indicating an increase in crystallinity (Figure 1). It is hypothesized that

bioeld treatment may cause the formation of the long-range order of

treated 1,2,4-triazole molecules which leads to increase in crystallinity

with respect to control. Based on the XRD data of control and treated

1,2,4-triazole the crystal structure was orthorhombic.

e unit cell volume, molecular weight and crystallite size of

control and treated 1,2,4-triazole were computed from the respective

XRD diractogram and data are depicted in Table 1.

e unit cell volume of control 1,2,4-triazole was 666.34×10-24 cm3 ;

however it was decreased slightly to 662.08 × 10-24 cm3 in treated sample.

e decrease in volume of unit cell volume was 0.64% as compared

to control. It is assumed that compressive stress may applied due to

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated 1,2,4-Triazole - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Triazoles are an important class of compounds used as core molecule for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical drugs. The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole. The study was performed in two groups, control and treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Mahendra Trivedi Biofield Treated 1,2,4-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Mahendra Trivedi Biofield Treated 1,2,4-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Trivedi's biofield treatment is known to transform the characteristics of various living and nonliving things. The biofield treatment has improved the growth and production of agriculture crops. Read more

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated 1,2,4-Triazole" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Triazoles are an important class of compounds used as core molecule for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical drugs. The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole. The study was performed in two groups, control and treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Biofield Treatment Impact on 1,2,4-Triazole – Study more
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Biofield Treatment Impact on 1,2,4-Triazole – Study more
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The biofield treatment has improved the growth and production of agriculture crops and significantly altered the phenotypic characteristics of various pathogenic microbes. Additionally, biofield treatment has substantially altered the medicinal, growth and anatomical properties of ashwagandha.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Spectral Properties of Biofield Treated 1,2,4-Triazole 
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Spectral Properties of Biofield Treated 1,2,4-Triazole 
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
The objective of the current research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole. The study was performed in two groups, control and treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Biofield | Physical & Thermal Properties of 1,2,4-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Biofield | Physical & Thermal Properties of 1,2,4-Triazole
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
Triazoles are an important class of compounds used as core molecule for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical drugs. Overall, the result showed significant alteration of physical and thermal properties of the treated 1,2,4-triazole with respect to control.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
		
			Journal of Molecular Pharmaceutics & Organic Process Research
		
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
		
			Journal of Molecular Pharmaceutics & Organic Process Research
		
	

# data[].attributes.body
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. In this research you can study the characterization of physical, spectral and thermal properties of biofield treated 1,2,4-triazole.

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