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A picture of Homo Naledi

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A group of scientists thin enough to crawl into the Rising Star cave system’s Dinaledi Chamber unearthed more than 1,500 bones in 2013 and 2014. This week, they were revealed as belonging to an entirely new species: Homo naledi.

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write about diet and travel

how did their capabilities improve their lives

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_erectus

hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/emily/nineth.html

planet.uwc.ac.za/nisl/biodiversity/loe/page_314.htm

http://www.livescience.com/41048-facts-about-homo-erectus.html

http://www.livescience.com/26637-ancient-handaxes-discovered.html

http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21664059-staggering-trove-bones-will-shake-up-notions-how-humans-came-be-ecce

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H. erectus came from Africa and migrated to Europe, Indonesia, Vietnam, China, and India. They were the first hominid species to migrate. Their ability to migrate was due to the fact that they could build shelters and use fire, which is dicussed later. The species were around longer than any other hominid species (H. naledi could have been around for longer, though it is unknown), for about 1.6 M years, from 1.8 M years to 200k years B.C.E.

The tools and capabilities of the H. erectus were amazing for their time. They exploited fire to cook meat. For example, a scientific study suggests H. erectus may have used fire to cook food as early as 1.9 million years ago. Fire also provided warmth in cold times, and helped with traveling at night by giving light. But probably the biggest help from fire was to keep away dangerous predators (e.g. hyenas, tigers, pumas, ect.).

They also invented the handaxe, which is another reason predators kept away (it is still pretty amazing because the had the brain size of a 1-year-old!).

Their robust bones made them well suited for their physically-demanding life. They still were slender, and their narrow hips made them faster than any hominids before them.

Scientists think that they used their vocal cords to grunt, but did not have real speech. It is also believed that they exploited their body more than their ability to make sounds, and because of that it is thought that they used gestures.

H. erectus had a similar diet to that of early modern humans, with one dead specimen found in China, with large amounts of meat and plant foods at his side

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H. sapiens sapiens were the first hominids that made art in the form of cave paintings. They used spears, arrows, and other advanced tools. They were also the first hominids to develop a complex language.

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H. sapiens neanderthalensis had a sense of community. They worked in teams and helped one another. They also were skilled toolmakers.

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(SEE BELOW)

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H. habilis used simple tools like sharpened rocks and animal bones/jaws and used them to cut meat.

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A. afarensis was the first hominid to walk on two feet. This makes it possible for them to use their hands to defend themselves and others and gather food more easily.

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(A. Afarensis and H. Habilis did not migrate)

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Relation Between Different Hominids

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(Early) Lived 35k - 12k B.C.E. EVERYWHERE exept Antarctica

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Lived 280k - 28k B.C.E. in Africa, Near East, Europe, and parts of Asia

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Lived 4-3 M B.C.E. in Africa

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Lived 1.8 M - 200k B.C.E. in Africa, Asia, and Europe

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Lived 2-1.5 M B.C.E. in Africa