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50% of women who suffer from infertility also suffer from endometriosis

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Endometriosis is an autoimmune disease that results from endometrial cells implanting themselves outside of the uterine cavity. Typically, these cells are found within the uterine cavity and have a role in menstruation. When these cells relocate to other tissues, it can cause pain, irregular menstruation, and infertility.

Citation: Ashish, A., Kusum, K., Rai, S., Chaube, R., Mishra, S., & Singh, R. (2021) Endometriosis Diafnosis and Management in Adolescent Patients and Current Treatment Regimes. Central African Journal of Public Health. 7: 61-64

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This video explains how endometriosis comes about, and how the menstrual cycle is different when one suffers from this disease.

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Although Endometriosis is only found in about ten percent of women, top celebrities, like Amy Schumer, have shared their stories about their lives with endometriosis.

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1. Surgical Removal
2. Hormonal Therapies
3. Analgesics (pain relievers)

The most recommended treatment option is an analgesic called dienogest. It is taken in 2 mg doses and it does very well at relieving symptoms.

*It has been found that those who receive surgical removal have a 56% rate of recurrent endometriosis.

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In this article, a specific patient is talked about who suffers from pelvic pain, however, her menstruation cycle has been seen to be very regular. Upon presentation of this patient, this primary literature article provides a discussion about endometriosis and its statistics. There are many risk factors associated with endometriosis, in which this article discusses. It also discusses the difficult of diagnosis and why that is so.
Shown below is Figure 2 from this article, which illustrates where these transplanted endometrial cells can be found in endometriosis, and what factors may lead to that.

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This website provides information and updates on treatment options, symptoms, and ways to cope with the autoimmune disease Endometriosis. The legitimacy of this website can be proven through its duration (2005-current) and its recent updates on the disease. Its most recent update was done on March 23, 2021. You can also register your email address to receive notifications when an update is published on the website.

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Endometriosis.org is the global platform which links all stake holders in endometriosis - one of the most common causes of pelvic pain and infertility in women.

We deliver up to date, evidence based, information and news about endometriosis, to provide the knowledge that empower women to make informed decisions about their treatment options.

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We deliver up to date, evidence based, information and news about endometriosis, to provide the knowledge that empower women to make informed decisions about their treatment options.

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Review Article on Endometriosis and the Small Bowel

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Review Article on Endometriosis and the Small Bowel

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Three major points taken from this review article include:
1. Between 3% and 37% of endometriosis patients suffer from endometrial cells transplanting in the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Sampson's retrograde menstruation theory posits that endometriosis can be caused by the reflux of endometrial tissue during menstruation.
3. For those who suffer from GI involvement with endometriosis, it is difficult to diagnosis due to its resemblance to other conditions, like irritable bowel syndrome.

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In this article, Lebovic and colleagues discuss different mechanisms they believe may be the reason for increased endometrial cell proliferation. These mechanisms mainly have to do with different immune cells within the body being inhibited. For example, it has been found that natural killer cells are largely decreased in women who suffer from endometriosis. Other kinds of biological molecules, like cytokines and interleukins, are discussed as well.

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Objective: To provide a review of the humoral and cellular immunology of endometriosis and to discuss the rationale for future approaches to diagnosis and treatment.

Design: Literature survey.

Result(s): Defective immunosurveillance in women who are destined to develop endometriosis may allow for the survival of ectopic endometrial tissue. The evidence includes endometrial cell resistance to apoptosis, perhaps through the secretion of proteins that interfere with implant recognition and/or FasL expression by stromal cells, inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing immune cells. Although the immune response may be defective, aspects of it clearly are enhanced in endometriosis, as is seen by the generalized polyclonal B-cell autoimmune activation and secretion of immune proteins. Several cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (including vascular growth factors) are increased in women with endometriosis.

Conclusion(s): A complex network of locally produced cytokines modulate the growth and inflammatory behavior of ectopic endometrial implants. Proinflammatory proteins from endometriotic lesions and associated immune cells contribute to the enhanced inflammatory reaction associated with endometriosis that subserves the survival of these lesions instead of leading to their demise.

To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

References

1. Klein NA, Montoya IA, Schenken RS. Characterization of the resident lymphoid cell population in endometriosis. In Soc Gynecol Invest Abst #518, 39th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, 1992.

2. Interleukin-6 secretion in vitro is up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis.

: 1118-1122

3. D'Angelo G, Struman I, Martial J, Weiner RI. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in capillary endothelial cells is inhibited by the antiangiogenic factor 16-kDa N-terminal fragment of prolactin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;6374-8.

4. Revised American Fertility Society classification of endometriosis.

: 1-2

Article Info

Publication History

Footnotes

☆ Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (U54HD37321 [RNT] and F32HD08517 [DIL]).

Identification

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01630-7

ScienceDirect
Access this article on ScienceDirect

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Objective: To provide a review of the humoral and cellular immunology of endometriosis and to discuss the rationale for future approaches to diagnosis and treatment.Design: Literature survey.Result(s): Defective immunosurveillance in women who are destined to develop endometriosis may allow for the survival of ectopic endometrial tissue.

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Endometriosis is a hard condition to diagnose, and for a while, many women were not believed when they would come forward about their pain. This news article is important, as it shows that people are finally listening and realizing that endometriosis is a true and difficult disease to live with.

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By Georgie Bevan
BBC Look East

A woman who had to change careers because of endometriosis has said an improvement in attitude towards women with the condition feels "incredible".

Endometriosis affects one in 10 UK women and can cause debilitating pain, very heavy periods and infertility.

MPs began an inquiry into the condition after BBC research, and will listen to the experiences of those living with it when hearings get under way later.

Rosie Longman, 40, said: "We're finally being believed and listened to."

Ms Longman, from Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, has had four operations since being diagnosed a decade ago and is due to have a hysterectomy.

Her career as a practising criminal barrister came to an end when she could no longer spend hours in court.

"The pain is like someone has a grip on your insides, pulling and twisting them and kicking you in the crotch," she said.

"You are bent double and can't stand at times."

More than 13,500 women took part in BBC research into endometriosis, with half saying they had suicidal thoughts and many telling how they have had to rely on highly addictive painkillers.

Most also said endometriosis had badly affected their education, career and relationships.

On average it takes seven and a half years to be diagnosed, there is no cure and treatment has included hormone therapy and surgery.

Ms Longman is set to be among those to give evidence to the All Parliamentary Group for Endometriosis.

"For endometriosis to be discussed like this is incredible," she said.

"This inquiry is the culmination of years of campaigning and fighting for better care."

It is where tissue such as that in the lining of the womb grows elsewhere in the body - often around the reproductive organs, bowel and bladder

Like the womb lining, the tissue builds up and bleeds every month but, with no way to escape the body, the blood is trapped, leading to inflammation, pain and formation of scar tissue

For some women there are no symptoms, but for others it is debilitating and can cause chronic pelvic pain, painful sex, painful bowel and bladder movements, fatigue and difficulties getting pregnant

There is no cure, but treatments can reduce symptoms

They include hormone treatment, pain relief and surgery - including hysterectomy

In the UK it takes an average of seven and a half years to be diagnosed

BBC 5 Live presenter Emma Barnett will also give evidence, having suffered from painful periods for more than 20 years before being diagnosed at 31.

She said: "I want to talk about how long it took for me to be diagnosed and how I wasn't believed by doctors and told to take painkillers."

The inquiry is due to hear from doctors and look at ways to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Emma Cox, from Endometriosis UK, said: "We need to see stark changes to the system. Society and the NHS must wake-up and understand the devastating impact the condition can have."

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.

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Women with endometriosis 'finally being believed'

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By Georgie Bevan BBC Look East A woman who had to change careers because of endometriosis has said an improvement in attitude towards women with the condition feels "incredible". Endometriosis affects one in 10 UK women and can cause debilitating pain, very heavy periods and infertility.