# data[].attributes.body
Free school established in Virginia.

# data[].attributes.body
General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony says that every town of 50+ families should have a program so that children can learn to read and write.

# data[].attributes.body
Catholic school established for girls in New Orleans.

# data[].attributes.body
The South Carolina Negro Act of 1740 made it illegal for enslaved people to write in English (did not mention reading).

# data[].attributes.body
The Continental Congress (before the U.S. Constitution was ratified) passed a law calling for a survey of the "Northwest Territory" which created "townships," reserving a portion of each township for a local school. (Eventually becoming the state public universities that exist today). Of course in order to create these townships, the Continental Congress assumed it had the right to give away or sell land that was already occupied by Native people.

# data[].attributes.body
The US Constitution is ratified with no official language provisions.

# data[].attributes.body
Pennsylvania is the first school to require free public education for poor children.

# data[].attributes.body
Virginia Revised Code made it illegal for African Americans to associate for the purposes of learning to read and write.

# data[].attributes.body
William Whipper calls on the Colored Reading Society of Philadelphia to establish Reading Room Societies for Men of Color for free African Americans

# data[].attributes.body
Treaty that recognizes Cherokee language rights and the government subsidizes a tribal newspaper in, printed in the Sequoyah's syllabary.

# data[].attributes.body
Georgia prohibits teaching Black people to read.

# data[].attributes.body
Virginia prohibits teaching free Blacks to read and write.

# data[].attributes.body
Alabama prohibits Whites from teaching Blacks to read and write.

# data[].attributes.body
Ohio has the first state law authorizing bilingual education in English and German.

# data[].attributes.body
Louisiana 2nd Constitution adopts a form of official bilingualism, French and English coequal languages.

# data[].attributes.body
Louisiana adopts Ohio's bilingual education law, substitutes French for German.

# data[].attributes.body
Missouri prohibits prohibits assembling for the purposes of teaching enslaved people how to read and write.

# data[].attributes.body
Free African American Benjamin Roberts files the first school desegregation lawsuit on behalf of his daughter Sarah.

# data[].attributes.body
First constitution of California allows for the publication of laws to be posted in both English and Spanish.

# data[].attributes.body
California enforced English only education statewide.

# data[].attributes.body
Congress declares it is illegal to teach Native children in their indigenous languages in schools.

# data[].attributes.body
The Freedman's Bureau is established and among it's responsibilities was to promote education for formerly enslaved African Americans.

# data[].attributes.body
The Department of Education was created at the federal level.

# data[].attributes.body
Indian Peace Commission proposes to use schools as to "blot out...barbarous dialects" spoken by Native Americans.

# data[].attributes.body
Native American children began to be removed from their homes and families and placed in boarding schools operated by the federal government and the churches.

# data[].attributes.body
In Ward vs. Flood, California Supreme Court declares that you cannot exclude children solely based on race.

# data[].attributes.body
The second California constitution bans official publications and proceedings being in any language other than English.

# data[].attributes.body
Carlisle Indian Industrial School founded establishing a system of forced off reservation boarding schools for Indigenous children.

# data[].attributes.body
by 1900 there were 20,000 children in Indian boarding schools

# data[].attributes.body
The U.S. Supreme Court requires California to extend public education to the children of Chinese immigrants.

# data[].attributes.body
60,889 Native American children in boarding schools

# data[].attributes.body
Seattle School Segregation was not a law but based on Residential Segregation.
There were 9 "Black schools"  in the Central District and 100 "white schools" in other parts of the city.
Civil Rights groups organize a 2 day protest of school segregations

# data[].attributes.body
University of California v. Bakke:  Supreme Court allows race as one of many “factors” in student admissions process, but prohibits use of racial quotas as a means to ensure integration and a diverse student body

# data[].attributes.body
Congress passed and the President signed the Indian Child Welfare Act giving Native American parents the legal right to refuse their child's placement in a school

# data[].attributes.body
California voters pass English-only education law, outlaws bilingual education programs, subject to few exceptions (overturned via legislation in 2014)

# data[].attributes.body
Arizona passes English-only education law; requires that emergent bilinguals instead be forced into structured English immersion for only one year before learning in English only (modified by legislature, but not completely abolished, in 2018)

# data[].attributes.body
Massachusetts passes English-only education law (repealed 2017)

# data[].attributes.body
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007): Supreme Court strikes down Seattle Public Schools plan to consider race of students for admitting students who would contribute to schools’ racial balance.

# data[].attributes.body
Arizona bans ethnic studies in public education; law struck down as unconstitutional in 2017