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Past perfect continuous:
I had been watching TV before you came here
You had been traveling around the world

1. We use it together with the past tense.

2. Like with the past continuous, we tend to use the word ‘when’ with this tense.

3. We use it in reported speech.

4. Some time expressions we use with it are: for (+ time), since, when, until, and before.

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Past Perfect Continuous Tense - English grammar tutorial video lesson

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Past perfect:
I had taken a shower
You hadn't been there before

We use it together with the past tense to indicate a sequence of events.

We use it together with adverbial expressions of time/prepositions like: before, after, already, yet, for, since, and until.

It is used in the third conditional form.

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Past Perfect Tense - English grammar tutorial video lesson

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Past continuous:
I was going to sleep
You were working before

In the  past continuous  the gerund (verb in ‘ing’ form) is used, but only with ACTION VERBS (run, kick, yell, etc) not STATIVE VERBS (know, believe, imagine…).

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Past Continuous Tense ( Past Progressive) - English grammar tutorial video lesson

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GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS term 1

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GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS term 1

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Present perfect continuous:
- I have been feeling a little sick
- You have been working these days
- We have been there before

have/has PRESENT form + BEEN (past participle) + GERUND (‘ing’ verb)

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Present Perfect Continuous Tense - English grammar tutorial video lesson

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Present perfect:
- I´ve never been to Paris
- You´ve never drinked coffee
- We've never met before

S+HAVE/HAS+PP

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Present Perfect Tense - English grammar tutorial video lesson

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Present continuous:

1. Tense structure:

1. Affirmative (pronoun + be + verb -ing)

2. Negative  (pronoun + be + not + verb -ing)

3. Interrogative (be + pronoun + verb- ing)

- I am crying
- You are sleeping
- We are listening

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Minorities vocab:
Glass ceiling
- It is a barrier in a profession that affects women and members of a minority society, preventing them from advancing at work.
Minority
- It is a smaller group within a larger one, that have different characteristics (beliefs, race, economics..)
Majority
- It is the greater number in a group. It has the upper hand in power.
Sexism:
- The belief that one sex is superior, better or more important than the other, especially against women
Racism:
- The belief that certain races are superior and better then other, especially against black people
Prejudice:
- An unreasonable opinion about certain groups of people that is formed without knowledge about it.
Stereotype:
-An idea that is used to describe a particular type of person or thing that represents an idea.
Segregation:
- Dividing a group of people because of their gender, religion, race, sex and ethnicity.
Race:
- Physical traits that distinguish you from other races like skin tone.
Ethnicity:
- Belonging in a social group and having in common national and cultural traditions.

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Passive and active voice:
- The paper was written by me
- My sister was attacked
- I wrote the paper
- Wild penguins attacked my sister

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VOCAB

QUEST

CARBOHYDRATES

TUB

BUFF

ESTHETIC

IDLE

BULK UP

SETTLE ON (SOMETHING)

LOOKING TO (SOMETHING)

STEER CLEAR

COMFORTABLE IN YOUR OWN SKIN

SOUND ADVICE

Studies show that people can increase their mitochondria by up to 50%
A boost in overall blood flow and oxygen to the brain if you ramp up your heart rate.

Public health issues:

- Public health and private health don't have the same amount of privilege, in the US it is really hard to go to the hospital because it is really expensive, here in Mexico it is really hard to have insurance.

Diet and nutrition:

- Carbohydrates turn into energy and glucose

3 types of carbohydrates:
- sugar
- fiber
- starch
- sugar

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What Happens To Your Body When You Start Exercising Regularly | The Human Body

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Beauty:
Beauty is a standard that society has put in our minds, it is constantly changing, it is subjective, no one is really beautiful or ugly, the just have the standard that society asks for.

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NOTE:

Notice the use of expressions like ‘twice a week’, ‘early’, and ‘regularly’. These are ADVERBIAL  expression that are often used with this function.

- I write
- You work on Mondays
- We love coffee

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Present Simple Tense - English grammar tutorial video lesson

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Past simple:
I was sad
You were happy
S+PAST TENSE
to talk about the past, something finished

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Past Simple Tense - English grammar tutorial video lesson

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Linguistics vocab:
- Metalanguage : a specialized form of language or symbols used when discussing or describing the structure of a language
Morphology : is the internal study of words
Syntax : the way in which linguistics elements are put together to form constituents
Phonetics : classifying speech sounds.
Phonology : speech sound and fundamentals of components of language.
Semantics : studying the meaning.
Pragmatics : the branch of linguistics used in the context of taking turns in conversation, text organization.
Neurolinguistics : It is the study of how our brains store and understand languages.
Sociolinguistics : Is the study of how different languages can be spoken or mixed depending on the zone and heritage.
Language Acquisition : Focuses on how people get used to or comprehend the language in different ways.
Historical Linguistics : Is the scientific study of how languages can change over time, and how the speakers start changing them.

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Culture and subcultures vocabulary:

- culture (macro level): Mexico
-  microculture: Feminism
-  subculture: hippies, punks
-  counterculture: feminism