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George Eastman, the inventor of the Kodak Brownie, was born in 1854, in Waterville, New York. His goal was to give the middle class access to photography and cameras, so he made the brownie, an affordable camera.

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Eastman Kodak invented the Brownie camera, a small and affordable camera for the middle class, in 1900, selling for $1.

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The kodak brownie was the first camera to be affordable to the public. It was $1 at the time, which was affordable for the middle class to partake in amateur photography.

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Documentary Photography was a type of photography that was used to document current events and news. The first documentary photographer was National Geographic

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The first documentary photograph was when soldiers were sent to document the civil war

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Edward Curtis, the inventor of documentary photography, first documented several current events, such as Native Americans and the American West.

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Alfred Harmsworth was the original creator of the tabloid. He wanted to make the news more interesting and implement photography

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Tabloids were a newer way to document recent events with photography. They were a more eye catching option than regular newspapers.

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In London 1903, the first tabloid was invented, revolutionary for photography and news.

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A type of photography that emphasizes beauty and tonality, rather than reality.

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Pictorialism had its roots in England until 1890 when the centre shifted to New York, where it centred around Alfred Stieglitz (1864 to 1946), the most influential amateur photographer of his era and a vital force in the development of Modern art in America.

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Alfred Stieglitz, the creator of pictorialism, introduced modern art and photography to the world with aesthetic pictures

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Editorial photography is images that appear alongside the text in print or online publications, which are created to help tell a story or support the narrative in the text, with a focus on creating a specific mood or tone for the piece.

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The Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung was the first to pioneer the format of the illustrated news magazine. Beginning in 1901, it began to print photographs inside the magazine, a revolutionary innovation. In the successive decades, it was developed into the prototype of the modern news magazine.

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The first photograph published in an American newspaper-- actually a photomechanical reproduction of a photograph--appeared in the Daily Graphic on March 4, 1880.

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Social reformers such as Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine used the medium of photography to bring evidence of their claims to these viewers. Their style of photography may best be called "social reform," for each photographer used the medium to effect social change.

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Lewis Hine: Creator of Social Reform Photography (1870-1940)

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Lewis Hine: Creator of Social Reform Photography (1870-1940)

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Lewis Wickes Hine was an American sociologist and muckraker photographer. His photographs were instrumental in bringing about the passage of the first child labor laws in the United States.

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Lewis W. Hine was among the first to use photography of children as a call for social reform. From 1906 to 1918, Hine photographed children working on farms, in coal mines and in factories. (1) He took thousands of photos in urban and rural areas, from Maine to Florida, Indiana, Colorado, Oklahoma and Texas.

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Picture postcards were a type of postcard with a photograph on one side, basically a way to implement more visually pleasing images onto postcards

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The first known printed picture postcard, with an image on one side, was created in France in 1870 at Camp Conlie by Léon Besnardeau (1829–1914). Conlie was a training camp for soldiers in the Franco-Prussian War.

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The concept of the individual postcard as we now know it was invented by Dr. Heinrich von Stephan in Prussia in 1865. His idea was rejected at the time, but the first postcard was sent in Austria-Hungary four years later, in 1869.

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time-and-motion study, in the evaluation of industrial performance, analysis of the time spent in going through the different motions of a job or series of jobs. Time-and-motion studies were first instituted in offices and factories in the United States in the early 20th century.

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Time motion studies were first described in the early 20 th century in industrial engineering, referring to a quantitative data collection method where an external observer captured detailed data on the duration and movements required to accomplish a specific task, coupled with an analysis focused on improving

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Frank Bunker Gilbreth was an American engineer, consultant, and author known as an early advocate of scientific management and a pioneer of time and motion study, and is perhaps best known as the father and central figure of Cheaper by the Dozen.

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Paul Strand was an American photographer and filmmaker who, along with fellow modernist photographers like Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Weston, helped establish photography as an art form in the 20th century. In the 1930s, he helped found the Photo League and Straight Photography and Modernism.

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Yet, in the late 1880s, Henry Frederick Evans first advocated for a pure photography, known later as Straight photography, as a viable alternative to Pictorialism by creating Symbolist images that evoked the meaning suggested by architectural forms.

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Pure photography or straight photography refers to photography that attempts to depict a scene or subject in sharp focus and detail, in accordance with the qualities that distinguish photography from other visual media, particularly painting.

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“Propaganda is communication that is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda…” ... Millions Stand Behind Me, John Heartfield, 1932. Propaganda is frequently associated with political regimes, suggesting images of World War II or the Cold War.

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The Bureau began its propaganda campaign on 2 September 1914, when Masterman invited 25 leading British authors to Wellington House to discuss ways of best promoting Britain's interests during the war.

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Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl was a German film director, photographer and actress known for her seminal role in producing Nazi propaganda. A talented swimmer and an artist, Riefenstahl also became interested in dancing during her childhood, taking lessons and performing across Europe.

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Celebrity photography is a subset of photojournalism where the subjects are celebrities in the arts, sports and sometimes politics.

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George Edward Hurrell was a photographer who contributed to the image of glamour presented by Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940s. Wikipedia

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Celebrity photography became a popular profession for photographers in the mid-1900s. They were considered as “the lucky ones” who had access to the stars.

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(1935) Wire Associated Press Plane Crash

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(1935) Wire Associated Press Plane Crash

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on Jan. 1, 1935, the Associated Press sent its very first photograph over the organization’s brand new Wirephoto service: an aerial photo of a plane crash in upstate New York. The photo was delivered across the country to 47 newspapers in 25 states.

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What most PR professionals will be referring to when they mention “the wire” or a “news wire”, is essentially a press release feed. These are wire services that (usually for a fee) will post press releases from companies that subscribing journalists and outlets can access.

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Although AP Wire was founded in 1846, it released current information to the world. In 1935, the AP wire revolutionized the world by showing a photograph of a plane crash in a wire press

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The Hindenburg disaster was an airship accident that occurred on May 6, 1937, in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. The German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst.

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What was the Hindenburg disaster captured on?

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What was the Hindenburg disaster captured on?

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The Hindenburg was a 245-metre- (804-foot-) long airship of conventional zeppelin design that was launched at Friedrichshafen, Germany, in March 1936. It had a maximum speed of 135 km (84 miles) per hour and a cruising speed of 126 km (78 miles) per hour. It was captured on this speed graphic camera.

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Murry Becker and the Speed Graphic Camera

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Murry Becker and the Speed Graphic Camera

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Murray Becker was one of the key photographers of the Hindenburg disaster, the crash of a Nazi dirigible at Lakehurst, NJ on May 6, 1937. The Murray Becker collection consists predominantly of sixteen silver gelatin prints of the Hindenburg disaster. It also includes an oversized scrapbook of newspaper articles and photos covering the disaster, as well as a well-known photograph of a teary-eyed Lou Gehrig announcing his retirement from baseball.

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Photojournalism is journalism that uses images to tell a news story. It usually only refers to still images, but can also refer to video used in broadcast journalism. ... Photojournalists contribute to the news media, and help communities connect with one other.

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Arthur Fellig, known by his pseudonym Weegee, was a photographer and photojournalist, known for his stark black and white street photography in New York City.

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(Mob) White and Black Street Photography

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(Mob) White and Black Street Photography

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This type of photography was to capture the violence and brutality of mobs in everyday lives in New York

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Photography in Life Magazine (1935-2000)

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Photography in Life Magazine (1935-2000)

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Life was an American magazine published weekly from 1883 to 1972, as an intermittent "special" until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 until 2000. During its golden age from 1936 to 1972, Life was a wide-ranging weekly general-interest magazine known for the quality of its photography.

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A photographic essay is a form of visual storytelling, a way to present a narrative through a series of images. A great photo essay is powerful, able to evoke emotion and understanding without using words. A photo essay delivers a story using a series of photographs and brings the viewer along your narrative journey.

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Henry Robinson Luce was an American magazine magnate who was called "the most influential private citizen in the America of his day". He launched and closely supervised a stable of magazines that transformed journalism and the reading habits of millions of Americans

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Remarkably, many of these familiar images were created by one small government agency established by Franklin Roosevelt: the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Between 1935 and 1943, FSA photographers produced nearly eighty thousand pictures of life in Depression-era America.

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Dorothea Lange was an American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration. Lange's photographs influenced the development of documentary photography and humanized the consequences of the Great Depression.

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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied around the world; in most countries, it started in 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s.

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A reform movement is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal.

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Racial discrimination is any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their skin color, or racial or ethnic origin. Individuals can discriminate by refusing to do business with, socialize with, or share resources with people of a certain group.

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Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks was an American photographer, musician, writer and film director, who became prominent in U.S. documentary photojournalism in the 1940s through 1970s—particularly in issues of civil rights, poverty and African-Americans—and in glamour photography.

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Ansel Easton Adams was an American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association of photographers advocating "pure" photography which favored sharp focus and the use of the full tonal range of a photograph.

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The Zone System is a photographic technique for determining optimal film exposure and development, formulated by Ansel Adams and Fred Archer.

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Adams became famous throughout the nation for his photographs of Yosemite and other national parks. He perfected many photographic techniques and captured the beauty of nature for all to appreciate.Oct 30, 2019

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World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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If the still pictures sent back to the United States helped to win the battle for public opinion at home, photographs taken for military purposes helped to win the war at the fronts; it is estimated, for example, that between 80 and 90 percent of all the Allied information about the enemy came from aerial photography ...

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(1/5) The Big Five Photographer: Ralph Crane

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(1/5) The Big Five Photographer: Ralph Crane

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"When he said goodbye to Natalie Nickerson, her handsome Navy lieutenant promised her -- a Jap." This photograph is a picture of a woman who's navy partner sent a dead Japanese soldier's skull.

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(2/5) The Big Five Photographer: Frank Powolny

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(2/5) The Big Five Photographer: Frank Powolny

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This photograph was another big part of WW2. It was a staple of history because all of the soldiers would have this picture in their wallet, helmet, barrack, or even bed.

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(3/5) The Big Five Photographer: Robert Capa

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(3/5) The Big Five Photographer: Robert Capa

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Photographer Robert Capa was sent to photograph pictures of D-Day for Life Magazine, becoming one of the most iconic photographs of WWII, capturing the horrors and reality of D-Day, a famous and bloody battle.

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(4/5) The Big Five Photographer: Joe Rosenthal

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(4/5) The Big Five Photographer: Joe Rosenthal

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This photograph is one of the most famous and iconic photographs of all time. Photographer Joe Rosenthal took this picture, capturing the moment when American soldiers rose the American flag on the top of Iwo Jima

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(5/5) The Big Five Photographer: Margaret Bourke-White

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(5/5) The Big Five Photographer: Margaret Bourke-White

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This photo was taken of the prisoners of a German Concentration Camp, where thousands of Jewish prisoners were taken into camps to be killed.

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Fashion photography is a genre of photography which is devoted to displaying clothing and other fashion items. Fashion photography is most often conducted for advertisements or fashion magazines.

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It is believed that fashion photography as a genre of photographic art was born in the XIX century, thanks to fashion magazines such as La mode practique (1898), Harper Bazar (1867) and Vogue (1892). These magazines were in turn established due to the achievements made in the field of photography and screen printing.

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Richard Avedon was an American fashion and portrait photographer. He worked for Harper's Bazaar and Vogue, specializing in capturing movement in still pictures of fashion, theater and dance.

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Edward Steichen: Creator of Family of Man (1879-1973)

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Edward Steichen: Creator of Family of Man (1879-1973)

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Edward Jean Steichen was a Luxembourgish American photographer, painter, and curator, renowned as one of the most prolific and influential figures in the history of photography. Steichen was credited with transforming photography into an art form.

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"Conceived as an exhibition for MoMA in New York in 1955, with a catalogue published both by Maco Magazine Corporation and Simon and Schuster, The Family of Man has been heavily criticized, usually for its sentimentality and its disingenuous simplicity. ...

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Although the prints in The Family of Man were not meant to be looked at as individual art works, they were still meant to be looked at. When audiences encountered the exhibition, not all viewers were pleased all the time. Some of the images turned out to be controversial and outraged some visitors.

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Robert Frank Creator of Street Photography (1924-2019)

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Robert Frank Creator of Street Photography (1924-2019)

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Robert Frank was a Swiss photographer and documentary filmmaker, who became an American binational. His most notable work, the 1958 book titled The Americans, earned Frank comparisons to a modern-day de Tocqueville for his fresh and nuanced outsider's view of American society.

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Street photography, also sometimes called candid photography, is photography conducted for art or enquiry that features unmediated chance encounters and random incidents within public places.

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Dorothea Lange captured the streets of San Francisco, while others captured photographs of cities like Berlin, New York, and Paris

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After the Civil War, the Black press dedicated itself to rebuilding Black communities and Black political movements. After President Haze removed protection for African-Americans in 1876, 3 000 African men were murdered by white mobs before 1918. The White press did not condemn these crimes.

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The Black Press were influences in photography because the photographs were of the civil rights movements.

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Emmett Louis Till was a 14-year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955, after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store.

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The Golden Age of Photography (1960-1999)

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The Golden Age of Photography (1960-1999)

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Photographs from the civil-rights movement helped expose the cruelty of segregation and discrimination to the wider world, but as made clear by the story behind one of the photos in the exhibition, the power of those images could hurt, too.

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The Birmingham riot of 1963 was a civil disorder and riot in Birmingham, Alabama, that was provoked by bombings on the night of May 11, 1963. The bombings targeted African-American leaders of the Birmingham campaign, a mass protest for civil rights.

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Danny Lyon is an American photographer and filmmaker. All of Lyon's publications work in the style of photographic New Journalism, meaning that the photographer has become immersed in with, and is a participant of, the documented subject. He is the founding member of the publishing group Bleak Beauty.

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The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam.

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This photograph was taken of an old monk named Quang Duc who set himself on fire in the middle of a street.

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(2/4) Big 4 Photographs: General Nguyen Ngoc Loan

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(2/4) Big 4 Photographs: General Nguyen Ngoc Loan

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This photograph taken by Eddie Adams was taken of a general executing a suspect in the middle of a street in Saigon.

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(3/4) Big 4 Photographs: Phan Thi Kim Phuc

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(3/4) Big 4 Photographs: Phan Thi Kim Phuc

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This photograph was taken of a young girl running away on a street after being napalmed by the American Army.

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(4/4) Big 4 Photograph: Mary Ann Vecchio

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(4/4) Big 4 Photograph: Mary Ann Vecchio

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This photograph was taken after Jeffery Miller, a peaceful protester, was shot by the American government for protesting at Kent State University.

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Life Magazine: One Weeks Dead (1935-2000)

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Life Magazine: One Weeks Dead (1935-2000)

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Life was an American magazine published weekly from 1883 to 1972, as an intermittent "special" until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 until 2000. During its golden age from 1936 to 1972, Life was a wide-ranging weekly general-interest magazine known for the quality of its photography.

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Results of publication of the war (1971)

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Results of publication of the war (1971)

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The Pentagon Papers, officially titled "Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force", was commissioned by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in 1967. In June of 1971, small portions of the report were leaked to the press and widely distributed.

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In June 1969, LIFE magazine published a feature that remains as moving and, in some quarters, as controversial as it was when it intensified a nation’s soul-searching 45 years ago. On the cover was the image of a young man and 11 stark words: “The Faces of the American Dead in Vietnam: One Week’s Toll.” Inside, across 10 funereal pages, LIFE published picture after picture and name after name of 242 young men killed in seven days halfway around the world “in connection with the conflict in Vietnam.”

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The Whole Earth Catalog was an American counterculture magazine and product catalog published by Stewart Brand several times a year between 1968 and 1972, and occasionally thereafter, until 1998. The magazine featured essays and articles, but was primarily focused on product reviews.

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Stewart Brand is an American writer, best known as editor of the Whole Earth Catalog. He founded a number of organizations, including The WELL, the Global Business Network, and the Long Now Foundation. He is the author of several books, most recently Whole Earth Discipline: An Ecopragmatist Manifesto.

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With its call for readers to recognize their status as “gods,” and its celebration of good tools and green technologies, the Whole Earth Catalog helped popularize the “appropriate technology” movement, which advocated for small-scale, decentralized and environmentally benign options.

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Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit, and also the first human spaceflight to reach another astronomical object, namely the Moon, which the crew orbited without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth.