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1619-1819 American Slavery - "A Peculiar Institution"

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1619-1819 American Slavery - "A Peculiar Institution"

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Ever since slavery existed around the 17th and 18th centuries, it has always been creating controversies. However, slavery deppened the sectional tension between the North and South when North passed an emancipation law in 1820 abolishing slavery in all Northern states, meanwhile the South being even more committed to slavery because of the free labor that they get. As time goes, this tension is only getting bigger and will eventually be one of the causes of the civil war.

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The Mexican-American War was declared in 1846, and ended in 1848 with the ratification of the peace treaty. This war was centered on Texas wanting to join the US. War broke out because Mexico see the US buying Texas from Mexico as an insult. This war lasted two years, then was stoped by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico received $18 million as conpensation, on the other hand  California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming was ceded to the United States. This did indeed increase the size of the US territory, but with the issue of slaver unresolved, adding new states in will break the balance between slave and free states, and will eventually set off the civil war.

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The Compromise of 1850 was a package of 5 separate bills that was suppose to defuse confrontation between the North and South. This compromise admitted California as a free state, ended trade in DC, and strengthening the Fugitive Slave Act. This act is suppose to benefit the South by giving Southern slave-owner's right to capture run away slaves that have ran up to the North. However this turned out to be a contrubution that deepens the tension between North and South because of the North not wanting to return the slaves since they are abolitionists. This is another factor around slavery that contributes to the starting of the civil war.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act took part in the cause of the Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act revoked the Missouri Compromise and it established Kansas and Nebraska as territories that allowed for popular sovereignty. As a result of this new act, “Bleeding Kansas” occurred. Bleeding Kansas was a violent uprising where Northern and Southern settlers flooded Kansas. Their hope was to bring more people to their sides of the fight.  As a result, over 50 settlers died. The Kansas Nebraska Act led to Bleeding Kansas. And as a result of Bleeding Kansas, the Republican party was born. The birth of the Republican party divided the nation and made it less likely for the North and the South to agree. This division was a cause of the civil war.

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The Dred Scott v. Sanford case was this Virginia slaves tried to fight his freedom in court because his owner have passed away and he have been living in a free state. He wasn't able to get his freedom in court but he and his wife was bought by his friend and setted free. This Dred Scott case even made it's way up to the superme court, where Superme Court Justice - Roger B Tanny announced that anyone who was ever held as a slave or was the decendent of of a person held as slave could not be a US citizen. This decision lead to more conflics because some freed slaves was already allowed to vote, it also lead slaves to new territories which outraged the North and Lincoln but made the South really happy since they always wanted to expand slavery. This decision made by superme court just made the road to civil war more soild.

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The Lincoln Douglas Debates took part in the build-up of the Civil War. The Lincoln Douglas debates were when Abraham Lincoln and Senator Stephen Douglas had 7 public debates where they discussed slavery, a very controversial topic of the era. Although Douglas won the senate, the debates made Lincoln popular and helped him in the election of 1860. This benefit for Lincoln eventually led to him winning the election of 1860, which was the final cause of the Civil War.

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The Election of 1860 was the final cause of the Civil War. Because of Lincoln's benefit from the Lincoln Douglas Debates, his popularity grew rapidly in the North, but none in the South. Although Lincoln's odds of winning were slim because if the lack of SOuthern support, a majority of Southerners also disagreed with Douglas. Stating that he wasn't as pro-slavery as he should've been. As a result of this, the South appointed more than one candidate for their party, which splitted their votes. Because of this, Lincoln won the election. As a result of Lincoln's win, the South was infuriated and many states seceded. This secession ultimately led to the start of the Civil war.

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The Battle of Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the civil war. The Battle of Fort Sumter occurred when the South Carolina militia invaded Fort Sumter and the U.S Army fired back. The US army eventually surrendered. Lincoln called 75,000 to join the Northern army. When this happened, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee seceded because they were unwilling to contribute troops. The Battle at Fort Sumter allowed the confederated to create a valuable hole in the Union blockade of the Atlantic seaboard. During this battle, the first shot was fired, marking the beginning of the Civil War.