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Social category based on the place or territory to which you belong

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Potentially most advanced form of integration with a common government

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Tarrifs are removed for trade, creating an harmonized single market

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each national market has its own regulations. Services and capital are free to move

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Set common tarrifs in one country to enter to another country

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The main goal is to develp economic advantages and promoting economic efficiency

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Can be classified into five additive levels

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Instruments of monetary policy
- Open market operations
- Reserve requirements
- Discount rate

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The central Bank manage the money aiming to influence inflation, rate of consumption, economic growth, etc.

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Control of the quantity of money available in an economy

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Face different kinds of risks

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Stoned on a blockchain

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Exist only as a shared digital record of ownership

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Don't have a group of people to control it

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Decentralised structure

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Government regulations

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Market volatility

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Bussiness and financial

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Social catefory defined by shared language, religion, history and another cultural factors.

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Social category based on physical differences

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Goods and services are exchanged with and to get money

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Economies can take various prioroties and diferent levels of goverment's and central bank's intervention. On both cases there are some factors that determine how well or bar an economy performs.

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Works by distributing scare resources among individuals and entities

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Self-help system which always look for more power and more control.

Characteristics

Struggle for power in the anarchic international system.

The mayor actors are the states, which try to enhance their power, this by enhancing security.

As the states have ordened preferences that they would like to accomplish, they always act in order to provide more utility.

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Collaborative system which try to promote colaboration between states and other actors in order to get collective prosperity.

Characteristics

Enhance global cooperation

Beyond states, there are other actors such as international institutions and multinational corporations

Always look for economic prosperity and stability

Is not 100% effective because actors are not always willing to cooperate, especially in hard times.

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System that invalidates the oher systems (realism and liberalism), this tries to understand how and why we arrived at the current state of international relations.

Characteristics

Focuses on ideas and norms of the society and how this help to construct the behavior of states

Internatinal anarchy is what states make of it.

Individuals and non state actors are the mayor actors

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In general, most of the conflicts (not just international) are caused by disagreements in ideas or interests. Each can be divided according to the reason of the conflict

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By ideas:

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By interests

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All the goods an services that are produced to be sold, even those ones which are produced by households for own use. This only includes the goods and services that are paid.

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Overall increase in the prices of a country’s goods and services. When prices rise, the currency devalues.

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Obligatory contributions paid to the State, who uses them to afford public expenses and collective needs (services, infrastructure, social programs, etc.). These are collected from incomes, goods and purchases

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It studies how the characteristics of a country such as the location, economy or history affect the international relations of that country

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Some examples:

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In Spain, Catalonia, one of the country’s 17 communities has been trying to become independent for a century. However, despite the efforts and that practically all Catalans want independence, they have not managed to get Spain to recognize their independence

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Taiwan is an "independent" country. However, China continues to regard it as part of its territory despite the fact that it has never had control over that territory. Because of China’s enormous global power, Taiwan cannot be considered an independent country, as this would mean losing ties with China

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The Falkland Islands are British islands with British people, who near-unanimously voted to remain a territory British, but Argentina insists on claiming the territory as their own.

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My favorite topic of the course was geopolitics because I had no idea of how many factors affect a country’s international relations. From my point of view, more than understanding how a country is affected by its currency or its location, I found it very interesting and entertaining to see all the conflict that exists around the world, there is a lot of drama. It’s interesting to see how all countries are constantly struggling to have more power and more control, and to see the arguments they use to validate their point of view