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4.6 Billion Years Ago
- Earliest part of Earth's period.
- It with began with the formation of the earth from dust and gas orbiting the Sun.

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4.6 Billion Years Ago
-  The solar system was forming within a cloud of dust and gas known as the solar nebula.
- The surface remained hot 1800-2000 K, partially molten with some solid scum.

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4.5 billion years ago
- The solar system formed from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust.
- When the dust cloud collapsed, it formed a solar nebula.

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4.5 Billion Years Ago
- Earth formed when gravity pulled swirling gas and dust in to become the third planet from the Sun.
- Earth has a central core, a rocky mantle, and a solid crust.

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4 Billion Years Ago
- During the Archean Eon, methane droplets in the air shrouded the young Earth in a global haze.
- There was no oxygen gas on Earth.

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3.5 Billion Years Ago
-Cyanobacteria are a a very large and diverse phylum of photoautotrophic prokaryotes.
-They are defined by their unique combination of pigments and their ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis.

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3.5 Billion Years Ago
- Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column, derived from the notochord.
- The majority of animal species are invertebrates.

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2.5 Billion Years Ago
- During the Proterozoic Eon, modern plate tectonics became active, and the ancient cores of the continents moved over wide areas of the globe, accumulating smaller fragments of crust and sometimes colliding with other large landmasses.

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2.4 Billion Years Ago
- It is the oldest series of protracted climatic refrigeration events that extensively affected Earth.
- During these events, glaciers covered continents, extended to low latitudes, and reached there sea level.

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The Appearance of Oxygen In the Atmosphere

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The Appearance of Oxygen In the Atmosphere

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2.3 Billion Years Ago
- The appearance of free oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere led to the Great Oxidation Event.
- This was triggered by cyanobacteria producing the oxygen which developed into multicellular forms.

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720 Billion Years Ago
- A time when icy deserts dominated the Earth.
- It was the second-last geological period of the Proterozoic Aeon.

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710 Billion Years Ago
- Global Warming associated with large accumulations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over millions of years, emitted primarily by volcanic activity, is the proposed trigger for melting a snowball Earth.

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600 Million Years Ago
- A thin ozone layer formed that was capable of protecting life from harmful wavelengths of UV radiation.

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The Appearance of the First Multicellular Organism

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The Appearance of the First Multicellular Organism

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600 Million Years Ago
- Large, multicellular life forms may have appeared on Earth one billion years earlier than was previously thought.
-Macroscopic multicellular life had been dated to around 600 million years ago, but new fossils suggest that centimetres-long multicellular organisms existed as early at 1.56 billion years ago

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544 Million Years Ago
- The Paleozoic began with the Cambrian Period, 53 million years best known for ushering in an explosion of life to Earth.
- The fossil record became rich with evidence of many types of highly diverse marine life.

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544 Million Years Ago
- The Cambrian period produced the most intense burst of evolution ever known.
- The Cambrian Explosion saw an incredible diversity of life emerge, including many major animal groups alive today.

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541 Million Years Ago
- The Phanerozoic Eon is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed.
- It covers 541 million years to the present, and it began with the Cambrian Period when animals first developed hard shells preserved in the fossil record.

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525 Million Years Ago
- Vertebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which saw a rise in organism diversity.
- The earliest known vertebrate is believed to be Myllokunmingia.

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505 Million Years Ago
- The Ordovician Period ushered in significant changes in plate tectonics, climate, and biological systems.
- The second of the Paleozoic Era.

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479 Million Years Ago
- The researchers phylogenetic data indicates that the largest group of insects, hexapoda, may have evolved even earlier, around 479 million years ago, during the Early Ordovician Period.

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470 Million Years Ago
- The first land plants appeared around 470 million years ago, during the Ordovician period, when life was diversifying rapidly.
- They were non-vascular plants, like mosses and liverworts, that didn't have deep roots.

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460 Million Years Ago
- It lasted 30 million years during the Ordovician and Silurian Periods, as a volcanic activity and weathering related to extensive mountain building caused CO2 levels to plum-ment, chilling the planet.

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450 Million Years Ago
- Based on fossil evidence, fungi appeared in the Precambrian era.

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450 Million Years Ago
- The extinction was a most likely result of global cooling and reduced sea levels, which dramatically impacted the many marine species living in warm, shallow coastal waters.

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440 Million Years Ago
- During this time, continental landmasses were low and sea levels were rising.
- The third period of the Paleozoic Era.

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423 Million Years Ago
- Previously scientists believed that animals did not begin to colonise the land until the Silurian.

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419 Million Years Ago
- The Devonian, part of the Paleozoic era, is otherwise known as the Age of Fishes, as it spawned a remarkable variety of fish.

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375 Million Years Ago
- Particularly in the Late Devonian, extinction events may relate to periods of abrupt cooling associated with the development of glaciers and the substantial lowering of sea level.

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360 Million Years Ago
- The late Paleozoic ice house, also known as the late Paleozoic ice age and formerly known as the Karoo ice age occurred from 360 to 260 million years ago.
- It was the second major glacial period of the Phanerozoic.

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359 Million Years Ago
- During the Mississippian Period, shallow seas covered much of North America.
- This period is sometimes called the "Age of Crinoids" because the fossils of these invertebrates are major components of much Mississippian-age limestone.

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340 Million Years Ago
- The first amphibian appearance was about 340 million years ago during the Mississippian Period.

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323 Million Years Ago
- The Pennsylvanian is recognized as a time of significant advance and retreat by shallow seas.
- Many non marine areas near the Equator became coal swamps during the Pennsylvanian.

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300 Million Years Ago
- Reptiles originated approximately 300 million years ago during the Carboniferous period.

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299 Million Years Ago
- During the Permian Period, Earth's crustal plates formed a single, massive continent called Pangaea.

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252 Million Years Ago
- Warming of the Earth's climate and associated changes to oceans were the most likely causes of the extinctions.

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251 Million Years Ago
- The Mesozoic Era is the age of dinosaurs. They evolved from earlier reptiles to fill niches on land, in the water, and in the air.

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251 Million Years Ago
- This period is popularly known as the "Age of Reptiles" and for good reason: reptiles, and particularly dinosaurs, were the dominant land-dwelling vertebrate animals at the time.

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230 Million Years Ago
- The prehistoric reptiles known are dinosaurs arose during the Middle to Late Triassic Period, about 230 million years ago.

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201 Million Years Ago
- Huge and widespread volcanic eruptions triggered the end-Triassic extinction.

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201 Million Years Ago
- The Jurassic period was characterized by a warm, wet climate that gave rise to lush vegetation and abundant life.

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178 Million Years Ago
- Mammals first appeared at least 178 million years ago, and scampered amid the dinosaurs until the majority of those beasts, with the exception of the birds, were wiped out 66 million years ago.

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145 Million Years Ago
- During this period, oceans formed as land shifted and broke out of one big super continent into smaller ones.
- Continents were on the move in the Cretaceous, busy remodeling the shape and tone of life on Earth.

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130 Million Years Ago
- The first remains of flowering plants are known from 125 million years ago.
- They diversified extensively during the Early Cretaceous.

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66 Million Years Ago
- Many scientists believe that the collision of a large asteroid or comet nucleus with Earth triggered the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and many other species near the end of the Cretaceous Period.

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66 Million Years Ago
- The Cenozoic era is also known as the Age of Mammals because the extinction of many groups of giant mammals, allowing smaller species to thrive and diversify because their predators no longer existed.

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66 Million Years Ago
- A global extinction event responsible for eliminating approximately 80 percent of all species of animals at or very close to the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods.

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65 Million Years Ago
- The Tertiary Period began abruptly when a meteorite slammed into the earth, leading to a mass extinction that wiped out about 75 percent of all species on Earth, ending the reptile-dominant Cretaceous Period and Mesozoic Era.

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60 Million Years Ago
- Fossil records suggest that modern birds originated 60 million years ago, after the end of the Cretaceous period about 65 million years ago when dinosaurs died off.
- Molecular studies suggest that the genetic divergences between many lineages of birds occurred during the Cretaceous period.

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5-7 Million Years Ago
- The first human ancestors appeared between five million and seven million years ago, probably when some apelike creatures in Africa began to walk habitually on two legs.

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2.58 Million Years Ago
- The Quaternary Period is typically defined by the cyclic growth and decay of continental ice sheets related to the Milankovitch cycles and the associated climate and environmental changes that they caused.

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2.5 Million Years Ago
- The major effects of the Quaternary glaciation have been the erosion of land and the deposition of material, both over large parts of the continents.
- The most recent ice age is the Quaternary ice age.