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Child labour in the workforce includes - work that takes away children from their childhood and interferes with their school - it is harmful physically and mentally - it is a form of exploitation of children (International Labour Organization, 2021)

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- Child labour has been present since the year 1562 (Parr, 2017)
- In 2020 there were approximately 160 million children across the world in child labour this is expected to increase in 2021 (Unicef.org, 2021)
- The Covid-19 Pandemic has caused children in the labour force to work longer more taxing hours (Unicef.org, 2021)
- The job losses within Covid-19 has caused an increase in child labour as more children have been forced into factories to help parents maintain a steady income (Unicef.org, 2021)
- The country Eritrea has the highest rate of child labour in the world as it is still considered legal and each child must work at least 2 months during the school year by law (List Top 10, 2014)
-Children that are forced into child labour get paid very little for their work
- Many children die to unsafe work - most work is sprung upon children unwillingly

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This video explain first hands some of the struggles that these children face and explain the statistics further

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- Some jobs such as commercial farming have many physical risks to the children such as exposures to pesticides and fertilizers and other dangerous chemicals, physically strenuous tasks such as carrying heaving loads, long periods of standing, stooping and bending and forceful movements in awkward positions it also includes exposure to extreme temperatures and dangerous cutting tools and heavy machinery ( Feeny et al., 2021)
- It has also been found to lead to respiratory, digestive and skin conditions as well as migraines, insomnia and asthma (Feeny et al., 2021)
- Children in the workforce appear to be malnourished, have a poor level of overall growth longer working hours lead to poorer physical outcomes (Trinh, Trong-Anh, 2020)
- Children are also subject to physical and sexual abuse from their superiors or bosses (Trinh, Trong-Anh, 2020)

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- A child that lives in a rural area is more likely to work (Tang, 2016) - poverty is a drawing factor as it works in a cycle of ongoing poverty and child labour within the family
- Working in a school has cumulative effects on children that are prevalent over time (Emmerson et al., 2016)
- Working provides the student less time to study, focus and do homework children are more tired and have a harder time focusing in class (Emmerson et al., 2016)
- A child labour who works for 6.74 hours spends 6.42 fewer hours studying per day (Emmerson et al., 2016)
- Child labour is highly associated with a higher dropout rate (Tang et al., 2016)

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- Child Labour is strongly associated with overall mental health issues in children (Trinh, Trong-Anh, 2020)
- Working and missing school can lead to negative self-esteem and rejection from peers affecting mental health negatively (Trinh, Trong-Anh, 2020)
- Child Labour is associated with a higher prevalence of behavioural disorders (Trinh, Trong-Anh, 2020)
- Children that enter the workforce often come from poor families and deal with abuse within their families which can lead to high levels of anxiety and depression (Ibrahim et al., 2018)
- The prevalence of mental disorders of children in the workforce is approximately 21.1% compared to 12.5% in the general population (Sasmal & Guillen, 2015)

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This video explains how early trauma in childhood effects the child for the rest of their life. Child labour is a very traumatic experience which effects the child mentally and physically for the rest of their lives this video begins to explain how this occurs within the brain.

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Childhood Trauma and the Brain | UK Trauma Council

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- By beginning to spread more awareness it brings the issues to society's attention and can enhance long-run growth and reduce poverty (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- The major cause of child labor is the lack of knowledge worldwide and ignoring risks that children face; it is, therefore, important for countries to create a form of communication about the issue and its effects on children and society (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- More detailed information about the dangers child labor causes to a child's intellectual and emotional development is needed as well (Olivier, Eric, 2019)

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Comprehensive Labour Monitoring Systems to eliminate child labour 

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Comprehensive Labour Monitoring Systems to eliminate child labour 

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- Rules and regulations need to be set in each country to handle child labor effectively (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- Laws need to be made and enforced to keep children out of the workforce (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- Particularly the legal age of children working should be determined and enforced in every country (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- The government needs to support the enforcement of labor inspections and monitoring the workers and workplace conditions to detect and prevent on time (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- The cases of child labor that are found should be recorded to monitor the effectiveness of the law (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- If a company is found to disobey the law they should be punished effectively and given time in jail (Olivier, Eric, 2019)

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Extending and Improving Schooling and School Systems 

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Extending and Improving Schooling and School Systems 

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- One Key to releasing children from Child Labour is to give them access to affordable and high-quality schooling until they reach legal working age (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- Many children work because their families cannot afford for them to attend a school or come from poor families who did not have quality education and therefore do not value a good education (Olivier, Eric, 2019)
- An increased emphasis on the importance of school should be included as well this way children are better able to apply for post-secondary options and get out of the labor workforce eliminating the child in the workforce cycle (Olivier, Eric, 2019)

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https://www.change.org/p/the-hershey-company-stop-hershey-s-from-using-child-slaves-to-harvest-cocoa/psf/promote_or_share

https://www.change.org/p/primark-stop-child-labor-in-the-fashion-industry?source_location=topic_page

https://www.change.org/p/president-of-the-united-states-all-products-imported-to-the-us-must-be-ethically-produced/psf/promote_or_share

https://www.change.org/p/apple-stop-apple-samsung-and-china-from-exploiting-children-to-mine-cobalt-in-congo/psf/promote_or_share

https://www.change.org/p/change-org-child-labor-in-eritrea-and-violation-of-children-s-rights?source_location=topic_page

Above are just a few of many petitions bringing attention to the topic if you are looking to get more information or just looking to make a change this is a start!

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- Service and industry account for a large sum of child labour however, agriculture accounts for the largest amount of child labour around the world (UNICEF, 2020)
- Child labour is far more common in rural areas than in almost all regions (UNICEF, 2020)
- The COVID-19 pandemic is having a negative impact on the issue and is increasing levels of child labour in the coming years
- School closures have been driving the increase of child labour (Emmerson et al., 2016)

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- Child labour is emotionally taxing on the children and is a traumatic experience (Trinh Trong-Anh, 2020)
- Children are exposed to abusive situations (Trinh Trong-Anh, 2020)
- Children face rejection or fear of being rejected by their peers which impacts their self-esteem and attitudes towards school (Ibrahim et al., 2018)
- Child labour leads to an increase in dropout rates and leads to lower levels of motivation toward school (Tang et al., 2016)

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https://www.hrw.org/topic/childrens-rights#

https://www.unicef.org/protection/child-labour

https://www.humanrightscareers.com/issues/organizations-end-child-labor/

https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods

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Overview of Child Labour in the Workforce Audio

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Overview of Child Labour in the Workforce Audio

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WOW I'VE Never See Padlet used this effectively!!! Well done team. 

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WOW I'VE Never See Padlet used this effectively!!! Well done team. 