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-The Lowell Mill Girls were a group of working women that created the first union of working women in American history. These women from New England worked in textile mills.  These women worked 13 hour days and said that they were “days from hell.” In 1834, when the factories decided to cut the women’s pay in half, they went on strike. The first strike was overpowered by the boss’ but led to another strike. They gained political attention and spread the strikes to many other states.

The women showed the country that working women did not have to deal with injustice in their work.

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The Flour Riot was a food riot that occurred in New York City. This happened in the year 1837 and was due to the Great Fire of 1835 which burned down around 700 buildings. This caused a depression in New York City leading to a food shortage. The depression and shortage led to rioting. Companies were accused of storing flour, making people angry. A riot led to the destruction of 500 barrels of flour.

This shows the divide between those of the wealthy class and those of the lower class.

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-Knights of Labor organized skilled and unskilled workers. They campaigned for 8 hour work days and worked to make this standard for jobs. The Knights of Labor worked to form a cooperative society in which the laborers owned the businesses.

The significance was that the Knight's of Labor was the first major labor organization in the United States.

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-The Haymarket Riots was a labor protest rally in Chicago. It occurred in Haymarket Square and turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. The protest began as a peacefully rally striking for an 8 hour work day.

The Haymarket Riots increased anti-labor and anti-immigrant suspicion of the International Anarchist Movement.

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-The Homestead Strike a violent labor strike between Carnegie Steel Company and its workers. This strike occurred in Homestead, Pennsylvania. The workers that were on strike were fired in July and several days after security guards hired by the company arrived.

The Homestead strike broke the power of the Amalgamated. This ended unioning among steelworkers in the united states for around 25 years.

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-The Pullman Strike was a widespread railroad strike and boycott. This caused disruption in rail traffic in the Midwest. Federal troops were used to address the strike. This caused an outbreak of deadly violence.

The Pullman Strike was a strike that made the national labor policy in the United States during the economic depression.

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-The American Federation of Labor was a national federation of labor unions in the USA. The AFL was created to organize skilled workers into national unions. These unions consisted of others in the same area of trade.

The American Federation of Labor was created to 1. Convince companies to recognize unions and to agree to collective bargaining, 2. Pushed for closed shops, 3. An 8-hour work day.

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-Mary Harris Jones was a schoolteacher and dressmaker who became known for her being a prominent union organizer, activist and community organizer.

Mother Jones helped coordinate strikes and co-founded the Industrial Workers for the World.

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Industrial Workers of the World-1905 (Founded) 

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Industrial Workers of the World-1905 (Founded) 

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-The Industrial Workers of the World is an international labor union founded in Chicago. The members are commonly known as Wobblies.

The Industrial Workers of the World was created to organized workers that had been excluded from the American Federation of Labor. They wanted to form one big union and have a big strike. The goal of the strike was the overthrow the capitalist system.

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-The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire could have been prevented but the workers were locked in the factory because the manager was tired of them taking breaks. The workers worked in dangerous sweatshop conditions. This fire killed 146 people.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire brought attention to the dangers of the factories and the conditions people were working in.

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-The Battle for Blair Mountain was the largest labor uprising in US history. It was also the largest armed uprising since the Civil War. The conflict occurred as part of the Coal Wars which were being fought because of labor disputes.

The Battle for Blair Moutain was the largest armed conflict on American Soil since the Civil War. Machine guns, biplanes dropping tear gas, and bombs on the miners were all used. Until the US soldiers arrived, the conflict continued.

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-The Wagner Act is a bill signed by former President Franklin Roosevelt. It created the National Labor Relations Board. This addresses relations that occur between unions and employers.

The Wagner Act established the legal right of workers to join labor unions. It also allowed them to bargain with their employers.

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-The Fair Labor Standards Act is a USA labor law that creates the right to minimum wage and an overtime pay system when people work over 40 hours in one week. This Act also prohibits employment of minors. This means no oppressive child labor.

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-The Taft-Hartley Act banned certain union practices. It also required that the unions disclose their financial and political activity. This is known as an amendment to the 1935 Wagner Act.

The Taft-Hartley Act significance was that it reserved the rights of labor unions to organize and bargain. This outlawed closed shops and allowed workers the right to decline to join a union.

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-César Chávez was a civil rights activist and an American labor leader. He spent his life working for the cause which he said was “the struggle of farm workers in the United States to improve their working and living conditions through organizing and negotiating contracts with their employers.” He practiced nonviolence like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther who he looked up to for their use of peaceful resistance to get what they wanted.

César Chávez´s significance was that he founded the National Farm Workers Associations. He also fought to raise pay and improve working conditions for farmers in the late 1960s and 1970.

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-Reagan Air-Traffic Control was the firing of 11,359 air-traffic controllers. This was due to his order for the air-traffic controllers to return to work after they had been on strike. They were on strike to raise their pay and shorten their workweek. They started the strike when negotiations with the federal government started looking bad. 7,000 flights were canceled due to this and the President ordered the strike illegal. He said that the workers needed to return to work or they were going to be fired. He fired the workers and declared a lifetime ban on their retirement.

Reagan Air-Traffic Control fired the workers who did not return to work and banned them from federal service for life.