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Upon moving to Switzerland Arp founded Der Moderner Bund (The Modern Alliance) an art groupp pro the avant-garde modernist movement of the early 20th century. Arp later became acquainted with fellow avant-garde artists working in Europe, including Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Wassily Kandinsky, Amadeo Modigliani and Pablo Picasso, among may others.

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The London group was an exhibiting group founded in 1913 to organise modern art exhibitions in Britain

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The London Group took over from the Camden Town group and its stated aim was 'to advance public awareness of contemporary visual art by holding exhibitions annually'. Its first president was Harold Gilman, one of the leading Camden Town painters. As an exhibiting society the London Group was specifically in opposition to the conservatism of the Royal Academy.

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BARBARA HEPWORK DISCOVERS EYGIPTIAN ART, 1910

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BARBARA HEPWORK DISCOVERS EYGIPTIAN ART, 1910

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Hepworth's headteacher delivered a slideshow on Egyptian art when she was seven which ignited a passion for sculpture and architecture.

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Encouraged by McCroben to take the Junior County Scholarship exam to attend Leeds School of Art, Hepworth began her studies at Leeds at the age of 17 where she met her fellow Yorkshireman, Henry Moore

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Hepworth stayed on in Italy to compete for the Prix de Rome however she lost to John Skeaping who would become her husband.

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First group exhibitions is held at the Redfern Gallery, London featuring work from students at the Royal College of Art including Henry Moore, Edward Burra, Barbara Hepworth, Percy Horton and more

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Barbara Hepworth had her first born with husband at the time John Skeaping. Thus impacting her art to lean more towards generalisation as her pieces became more suggestive representing human form.

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Around the time Barbara formed a relationship with Ben Nicholson Barbara made a breakthrough abstract sculpture in pink alabaster and created a hole in its centre

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Hepworth, with Nicholson, gave birth to triplets in 1934 named Rachel, Sarah, and Simon. This year she also produced 4+ sculptures demonstrating how yet again motherhood created a surge in her passion.

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The symbolism behind this piece is rebirth which I think is beautiful. You can vaguely construe that the piece resembles a human form in the foetal position linking to the theme of the sculpture. Furthermore, this sculpture was highly significant in Arps's journey as an artist as it was the first sculpture he made leaning more towards surrealism and abstraction after his time apart of the dada movement.

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BARBARAS FIRST SCULPTURE WITH COLOUR - 1940

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BARBARAS FIRST SCULPTURE WITH COLOUR - 1940

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The 40's was the beginning of an era in which Barbara made her best work in my opinion. However the irony is her family's structure was collapsing. It appears as though art was and escape for her and and gift to make her children happy in attempt to compensate for their struggles. At this time she began to use colour and strings in many of the carvings of this time. The colour in the concavities symbolised depth of water, shadow and life. Strings representing the tension between Barbara and the sea her new muse.

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Following the hospitalisation of her daughter Sarah Hepworth emirs herself into drawing. Hepworth and her husband, Ben Nicholson, formed a useful friendship with Norman Capener, the surgeon who treated Sarah. This relationship allowed Hepworth to witness a variety of surgical procedures enabling her to illustrate this life event. Her skills as a draughtsperson strongly influenced her practice as a sculptor.

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This was one of her larges sculptures and in order to  complete her limestone figures Hepworth hired her first assistants, Terry Frost, Denis Mitchell, and John Wells.

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Black Paintings by Frank Stella was exhibited in 1959

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Minimalism, a movement where the artist created pieces with the aim of  the viewer to respond only to what is in front of them, emerged in the late 50s.

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On the 20th of May, Hepworth dies in an accidental fire at Trewyn Studio, aged 72.

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Kristine Tillge Lund is a modern biomorphic surrealism artist whom makes minimal sculptures. The term “biomorphic” came into use in the 1930s to describe surrealist paintings and sculptures that were abstract, yet referred to or evoked living forms such as the human body, or plants. The term was especially used to describe the works of Jean Arp or Joan Miro artists that heavily have influenced her work.

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a prime example of minimalism being translated into fashion

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Halima Cassell is a sculptor who similarly to Hepworth is inspired by her dual environment and often works using direct carving. This piece is one using direct carving by starting with a black of plaster resulting in a smooth white piece.