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Schedule of Racist Events scale (Landrine & Klonoff, 1996)

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Schedule of Racist Events scale (Landrine & Klonoff, 1996)

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18 item scale that assesses the frequency of discrimination in the past year and in one's entire life

E.g. How many times have you been treated unfairly by teachers and professors because you are [Filipino]? By strangers? By people in service jobs? Etc.

E.g. How many times have you been accused or suspected of doing something wrong because you are [Filipino]?

Full paper here: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00957984960222002?casa_token=nIVe4bUtthEAAAAA:XcKZVRxquxGU7Y5_pW9lYmVDq3PjSybGlVJyXdssxz5JUsMjU2kOqU_j556uvl3HVoB8WDUgBkrlSQ

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Colonial Mentality scale (David & Okazaki, 2006)

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Colonial Mentality scale (David & Okazaki, 2006)

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36-item scale divided into 5 subscales:

Internalized Culture/Ethnic Inferiority (e.g., "There are situations where I feel inferior because of my ethnic background.")

Cultural Shame and Embarrassment (e.g., "There are situations where I feel ashamed because of my ethnic background.")

Physical Characteristics (e.g., "I would like to have a skin tone that is lighter than the skin tone I have.")

Within-Group Discrimination (e.g., I make fun of, tease, or bad mouth Filipinos who speak English with strong accents.")

Colonial Debt (e.g., "Filipinos should be thankful to Spain and the U.S. for transforming the Filipino ways of life into a White/European American way of life.")

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Study 2: Quantitative - Correlational study

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Study 2: Quantitative - Correlational study

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Study 1: Qualitative - Interviews with Filipino Americans

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Study 1: Qualitative - Interviews with Filipino Americans

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"Well, when meeting other people I guess, I tend to say I'm mixed because it's kind of a [giggles] a desirable trait. And I look mixed so people believed it. Yeah, definitely when I meet people I say that I'm mixed a lot because they say, "Oh! He's exotic, he's mixed."

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"I am mad about first-generation Filipinos who raise their children without incorporating the Filipino-ness... They should incorporate a lot of being Filipino when they're raising children; the culture, the food, language, and all the other things. Because I've found that second-generation Filipinos gravitate more toward the dominant culture -- their lifestyle, their behavior... I don't agree with Filipinos when they save that they've forgotten their culture. Because once you've been in that culture, you can never, ever forget that culture. So I don't agree when people say, "it's been too long," no. That's not true at all."

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"My school was a little bit... hypocritical, our school. Because we were being taught to be Filipino, but at the same time we were required to speak English at the same time. Because if we spoke Filipino we were actually fined."

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"[Many] Filipino Americans... they'll openly make fun of themselves, or make fun of Filipinos, or other Asians even, to a group of White folks. People who aren't like them, White or not. For that reason, maybe they just want to please them -- I don't really know honestly the direct reasons, but it just pains me to see that.