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Total Fertility Rate for selected countries, 2020

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Total Fertility Rate for selected countries, 2020

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Rate of Natural Increase % for selected countries, 2020

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Rate of Natural Increase % for selected countries, 2020

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1. Spatial Patterns and Interrelationships between TFR and RNI

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1. Spatial Patterns and Interrelationships between TFR and RNI

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The spatial patterns and interrelationships between total fertility rate and rate of natural increase, for the most part are quite alike. Both factors indicate high rates of each in less economically developed countries (LEDC). To emphasize my point, in both of the choropleth maps it has clearly shown that in less developed countries; the colour has appeared darker than the developed countries, which is indicated as a light colour. The darker colours had emerged in continents such as Africa and Asia, which have a majority of the third world countries. If I was to observe spatial patterns for each of the two indicators given, the outcome would be the same; since both maps represent similar results. As previously mentioned, these patterns happen to exist because of what is considered normal in each country. Countries such as Niger, Kenya, Iraq and Pakistan are known to have high fertility rates, which would also result in a higher RNI. Looking at the maps, countries that are more developed such as Canada, Germany and Portugal have lower fertility rates, which would result in a lower RNI. Both TFR and RNI interrelate with each other since they have very similar outcomes.

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Quality of life may differ in countries and regions, depending on the availability of resources they have on hand. For countries such as Kenya, Niger, Iraq, Pakistan, Dominican Republic, Peru, Tunisia and India, their quality of life is significantly lower than MEDCs. Education is not a resource that everyone in these countries can receive, due to the fees being high; and most families are considered to be lower class. Another factor that can contribute to the poor quality of life these countries and regions endure is the lack of health, wealth and employment. The healthcare system in these LEDCs is extremely limited to those with little to no money; which ties back to wealth and employment. Not receiving proper health care can increase death rates and more couples would want to have several children due to babies dying of infant mortality; which also plays into the factor of these countries having a high RNI and TFR. It is also worth noting that women in LEDCs do not have access to contraceptives for preventing pregnancies, which would lead them to have numerous children. For countries such as Canada, Costa Rica, Ireland, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, New Zealand, Brazil, Sweden and Japan, their quality of life tends to be higher than LEDCs. They have plenty of resources such as universal healthcare, access to contraceptives, proper education, higher rates of employment, living in a pristine environment and feel a sense of security in their countries. Due to the advancements in technology and medicine, these countries have a lower RNI; which prolongs their life expectancy. TFRs have also been significantly lower than LEDCs because of their beliefs that small families are idealistic.

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3. Importance of Understanding these Spatial Patterns 

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3. Importance of Understanding these Spatial Patterns 

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It is important to understand spatial patterns because it indicates why some regions or continents have higher RNI and TFRs, and why some have lower. It gives a proper analysis of why some things happen the way they do, for example, it is not surprising that the African and Asian continents have a high RNI and increased levels of TFRs, because of the continent being less developed than other continents such as North America or Europe. By understanding spatial patterns, it is easier to identify where the issues are taking place the most and where it is taking place the least. This aids with finding a solution for the increased levels of rates of natural increase and total fertility rates. It could also be a guide for individuals to take action in places where it has the most amount of issues. Countries that have a light colour, such as Costa Rica, Japan and Sweden, makes it obvious that it is at a good standing and does not need much attention; unlike LEDCs such as Kenya, Niger and Iraq.

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The stage of DTM I think Kenya is in is stage 2 for 2021. I know this because:
- Kenya has a continuous growing birth rate (12.9%)
- The life expectancy is incredibly low since people do not live past the age of 84
- The dependency load is at 39.2%, which is pretty high for 2021
- Dependency load (young): 38%
- Dependency load (old): 2.1%

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The stage of DTM I believe Costa Rica is in is stage 3 for 2021. I know this because:
- Birth rate is at 6.7% and it has begun to decline
- The death rate is low, leading to a higher life expectancy
- More old people living, as the dependency load is at 21.7%
- Dependency load (young): 20.6%
- Dependency load (old): 1.1%

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The stage of DTM I believe New Zealand is in is stage 4 for 2021. I know this because:
- There is a low birth rate, standing at 6.2%
- The death rate is also low
- More people are living a lot longer, since some are living past 90
- The life expectancy is also really high for New Zealand
- The dependency load for both young and old is, 21.1%
- Dependency load (young): 19.2%
- Dependency load (old): 1.9%