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- Cardiovascular Disease
- Bone & Joint Problems
- Teeth & Gums infections
- Kidney damage/failure
- Nerve Damage (Neuropathy)

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Hyperglycaemia: Monitoring Blood Glucose. HealthHub. (n.d.). https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/669/blood-glucose-monitoring.

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2020, June 27). Hyperglycemia in diabetes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631.

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2020, October 30). Diabetes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444.

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Mayo Clinic. (2018, May 12). High blood pressure (hypertension) - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic - Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373417

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1. Diuretics
2. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
3. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
4. Calcium channel blockers
5. Alpha blockers
6. Alpha-beta blockers
7. Beta blockers
8. Aldosterone antagonists
9. Renin inhibitors
10. Vasodilators
11. Central - acting agents

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Determining if you have hypertension. (n.d.). Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/all-about-hypertension-diagnosis-1746064

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1. Getting regular physical activity
2. Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink
3. Eating a heart-healthy diet with less salt
4. Maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight if you're overweight or obese

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Blood pressure is measured at the doctor's office using a blood pressure cuff to measure the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure.

When blood pressure is consistently measured at >130 mmHg systolic and > 80 mmHg diastolic.

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1. Home Treatment
- Get Physical
- Take medication as directed
- Follow diabetes eating plans
- Check Blood Sugar
- Adjust insulin doses to control hyperglycemia

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For those who have diabetes, MOH recommends the following target blood sugar levels:

Between 72 and 144 mg/dL (4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L) before meals.

Less than 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) two hours after meals.

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- heart attack
- stroke
- aneurysm
- heart failure
- dementia
- vision loss (thickened, narrowed, or torn blood vessels in eyes)
- metabolic syndrome
- weakened & narrowed blood vessels in kidney

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https://vascular.org/patients/vascular-conditions/hyperlipidemia

https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-treatment-of-high-cholesterol-hyperlipidemia

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- headaches
- shortness of breath
- nosebleeds

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- a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems such as heart disease.

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- Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
- Pancreatitis
- Cushing's syndrome

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- Oral Medication
- Injections
- Mechanical Approach (Plasmapheresis)

- Exercise
- Low-fat diet
- Maintain a normal weight and body mass index.

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A blood test that analyzes lipid levels is traditionally performed after an overnight fast.

Results are usually reported as levels of LDL cholesterol (normal range <130mg/dL); VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) cholesterol (normal range <31mg/dL); HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol (normal range >40 mg/dL); as well as total cholesterol (normal range <200mg/dL), of which all non-HDL cholesterol should be <130mg/dL.

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1. Early symptoms:
- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Blurred vision
- Fatigue/headache

2. Later symptoms
- Nausea/vomiting
- Shortness of breath
- Dry mouth
- Confusion
- Abdominal pain

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Primary (essential) hypertension
- develops over time with no identifiable cause

Secondary hypertension
- caused by an underlying condition.
- tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than primary hypertension.
- conditions/medications that can cause hypertension

obstructive sleep apnea

kidney disease

thyroid problems

adrenal gland tumors

illegal drugs (cocaine)

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- age
- family history
- being overweight/obese
- not being physically active
- use of tobacco
- too much salt (sodium) in diet
- drinking too much alcohol
- stress
- certain chronic diseases

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- Not using enough insulin
- Family history of Type 2 Diabetes
- Overweight
- High Blood Pressure / Cholesterol
- Being Physically Inactive
- Having an illness/infection
- Facing emotional stress

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- Agina and Heart Attacks (If arteries to the heart narrow)
- Stroke (If arteries to the brain narrow)

Symptoms
- Pain with walking and gangrene (If arteries to the legs narrow)

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- Obesity
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- High-fat diets
- High-sugar diets
- Genetic (Familial Hypercholesterolemia)