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The evolution of this animal involves evolutionary trends. Through most stages the animal increased in size, reduced in the number of hooves, but many things still stayed the same. I also learned that the horse of today evolved from a small creature called Eohippus, over time the horse has changed from a many-toed, soft footed animal into a single toed animal with hooves, and that this change came about because of the need for speed. I now understand how species change and develop, some reasons why things change, and that everything will continue to change.

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Equus went extinct in North America 1 million years ago, until the Spanish brought them back up through Mexico.

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The Eqqus is 53 inches tall and has 1 toe in front and back. It has 12 teeth and 18 ribs.

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The next spieces was called Eqqus or Prezwalki's horse. It lived nearly 4 million years ago and is the now present horse.

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They were about 32 inches tall with 1 toe in front and back. They were the first species to have and walk on one toe. They also had 10 teeth and 18 ribs. They likely lived on mainly open plains.

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After the Merchippus, the Pliohippus was evolved. It was present on earth about 10 million years ago.

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This animal was 40 inches tall, had 3 toes in front and back but, was the first to walk on one toe. It also had 10 teeth and 19 rib bones. The radius and ulna were fused (inside their leg) to eliminate rotation and the legs were lengthened (for speed). They lived in grasslands.

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The next species was called a Merychippus. This came after the Mesohippus and it lived about 17 million years ago.

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About 24 inches tall with only 3 toes in front and back. They had 10 teeth and 16 ribs. A big change in their teeth was they became hypsodant (casually erupt.) Their legs also lost complete range of movement. They started to live in grasslands instead of just in the forest.

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These animals were about 10-20 inches tall with 18 ribs and 11 teeth. This creature had four toes on the front legs and three toes on the hind legs. They mainly lived in the forest.

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The horse developed into quite a different animal from Eohippus. Changes that took place in the horse were in the feet and legs, the teeth and size of the horse. This took millions of years to happen.

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The horse we know today developed from a small creature about the size of a fox. Called Eohippus, it lived about 54 million years ago.

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After the Eohippus the mesohippus was the next species. It lived about 40 million years ago.

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Period 4

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The differences in molecular similarities. Such as chimps being closer to humans than zebras are to horses.

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When comparing embryos and evolutionary stages.

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Body parts that are useful for some and not useful for others. Such as an appendix.

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Similar structures in different species that can connect to a common ancestor, such as arm bones.

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The loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a smaller amount of individuals.

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The reduction in the size of a population due to an environmental event.

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The change in variation of different genotypes. Lucky vs unlucky. Happens in all populations.

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The passing of genetic information, influenced by male competition and female choice.

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Small changes in DNA that can be beneficial or harmful.

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The mechanism of evolution due to differences in a phenotype.

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VARIATION- traits vary withing among populations.
INHERITANCE- Variation is passed on through genes.
SELECTION- Individuals are not equally likely to survive and reproduce.
TIME- This results in changes in allele frequencies in a population across generations.