# data[].attributes.body
India ranks fourth from the bottom in the latest World Happiness Report. And only Jordan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe ranked lower than India in terms of happiness.

income and employment

In 2020，the world is effected by the COVID-19，and then many countries choose to lock down to prevent the spread of the epidemic. India is one of them.  However, the excessive blockade has caused serious damage to the Indian economy. the steepest decline in incomes were witnessed in April 2020, of 19 percent and 41 percent in rural and urban India respectively. This decline corresponds to an economic degrowth of 23.9 percent and an unemployment rate of around 24 percent.

Income is one of the important factors to ensure the happiness of citizens. Too low income can cause people to lack the most basic material foundation. This will lead to a decrease in happiness

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
India is the fourth least happy country in a year of lockdowns, deaths and work from home https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/india-is-fourth-least-happy-country-in-the-world-checkout-list-of-10-unhappiest-countries-in-the-world/slidelist/81588422.cms 2021-03-19T17:22:29+05:30 2021-03-19T16:38:49+05:30

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
India is the fourth least happy country in a year of lockdowns, deaths and work from home

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
India ranks fourth from the bottom in the latest World Happiness Report.The only countries to rank lower than India were Jordan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.Here's a full list of the top 10 unhappiest countries in the world.India is the fourth-least happy country in the world, according to the latest results of the World Happiness Report.

# data[].attributes.body
As the table above indicates, 87.79 percent of the workforce have higher secondary education or below.

In the COVID-19 era, it is obvious then that those with higher educational qualifications and in turn better job prospects are better placed to cope with the impending economic disruptions. No wonder then that education is an important driver of life satisfaction and more so in the COVID-19 era.

# data[].attributes.body
The survey, conducted by Gallup, uses a three-year rolling average of survey responses around six factors: GDP per capita; social support; life expectancy; freedom to make life choices; generosity; and corruption levels. Finland scores well on all factors but particularly strongly on generosity.

"Finnish happiness isn't skin deep and immediately visible — it's deeply engrained in our being. Sustainable happiness is our superpower, and it means we tend to take life as it comes — a trait that is helping us through these challenging times," said Heli Jimenez, senior director of international marketing at Business Finland, in a press release.

Finnish taxes are very high, and the tax rate for high-income people may be as high as 51.5%. In 2016, Meik Wiking, head of the Happiness Research Institute, a think tank in Copenhagen, wrote, "We are not paying taxes, we are investing in society, and we are buying quality of life." However, the tax money collected is reinvested into society through a series of social programs, such as free university education, free medical care, generous maternity leave benefits, and unemployment benefits.

The Copenhagen-based Happiness Research Institute points out that Finland tops the happiness list despite not having the highest GDP of the Nordic countries. It is the country’s social safety net combined with personal freedom and a good work-life balance that gives it the edge.

The World Happiness Report says countries which improve civic engagement by making their government more representative will be happier. Happier populations have higher voter turnout, while political division and declining social trust reduce happiness.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Foreword

This is the ninth World Happiness Report. We use this Foreword to offer our thanks to all those who have made the Report possible over the past nine years and to thank our team of editors and partners as we prepare for our decennial report in 2022.

The first eight reports were produced by the founding trio of co-editors assembled in Thimphu in July 2011 pursuant to the Bhutanese Resolution passed by the General Assembly in June 2011 that invited national governments to "give more importance to happiness and well-being in determining how to achieve and measure social and economic development." The Thimphu meeting, chaired by Prime Minister Jigmi Y. Thinley and Jeffrey D. Sachs, was called to plan for a United Nations High-Level Meeting on 'Well-Being and Happiness: Defining a New Economic Paradigm' held at the UN on April 2, 2012. The first World Happiness Report was prepared in support of that meeting and reviewing evidence from the emerging science of happiness.

The preparation of the first World Happiness Report was based in the Earth Institute at Columbia University, with the Centre for Economic Performance's research support at the LSE and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, through their grants supporting research at the Vancouver School of Economics at UBC. The central base for the reports has since 2013 been the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and The Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, directed by Jeffrey D. Sachs. Although the editors and authors are volunteers, there are administrative, and research support costs covered most recently through a series of grants from The Ernesto Illy Foundation, illycaffè, Davines Group, The Blue Chip Foundation, The William, Jeff, and Jennifer Gross Family Foundation, The Happier Way Foundation, Indeed, and Unilever's largest ice cream brand Wall's.

As noted within the report, this year has been one like no other. The Gallup World Poll team has faced significant challenges in collecting responses this year due to COVID-19, and we much appreciate their efforts to provide timely data for this Report. We were also grateful for the World Risk Poll data provided by the Lloyd's Register Foundation as part of their risk supplement to the Gallup World Poll in 2019. We also greatly appreciate the life satisfaction data collected during 2020 as part of the Covid Data Hub run in 2020 by Imperial College London and the YouGov team. These data partnerships are all much appreciated.

Although the World Happiness Reports are based on a wide variety of data, the most important source has always been the Gallup World Poll, which is unique in the range and comparability of its global series of annual surveys.

The life evaluations from the Gallup World Poll provide the basis for the annual happiness rankings that have always sparked widespread interest. Readers may be drawn in by wanting to know how their nation is faring but soon become curious about the secrets of life in the happiest countries. The Gallup team has always been extraordinarily helpful and efficient in getting each year's data available in time for our annual launches on International Day of Happiness, March 20th. Right from the outset, we received very favourable terms from Gallup and the very best of treatment. Gallup researchers have also contributed to the content of several World Happiness Reports. The value of this partnership was recognized by two Betterment of the Human Conditions Awards from the International Society for Quality of Life Studies. The first was in 2014 for the World Happiness Report, and the second, in 2017, went to the Gallup Organization for the Gallup World Poll.

Since last year, Gallup has been a full data partner in recognition of the Gallup World Poll's importance to the contents and reach of the World Happiness Report. We are proud to embody in this more formal way a history of co-operation stretching back beyond the first World Happiness Report to the start of the Gallup World Poll itself. COVID-19 has posed unique problems for data collection, and the team at Gallup has been extremely helpful in building the largest possible sample of data in time for inclusion in this report. They have gone the extra mile, and we thank them for it.

We have had a remarkable range of expert contributing authors over the years and are deeply grateful for their willingness to share their knowledge with our readers. Their expertise assures the quality of the reports, and their generosity is what makes it possible. Thank you.

Our editorial team has evolved over the years. In 2017, we added Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang, and Shun Wang as Associate Editors, joined in 2019 by Lara Aknin. In 2020, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve became a co-editor, and the Oxford Wellbeing Research Centre thereby became a fourth research pole for the Report. In 2021, Haifang Huang stepped down as an Associate Editor, following four years of much-appreciated service. He has kindly agreed to continue as co-author of Chapter 2, where his contributions have been crucial since 2015.

Sharon Paculor has continued her excellent work as the Production Editor. For many years, Kyu Lee of the Earth Institute handled media management with great skill, and we are very grateful for all he does to make the reports widely accessible. Ryan Swaney has been our web designer since 2013, and Stislow Design has done our graphic design work over the same period.

The team at the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, Sybil Fares, Juliana Bartels, Meredith Harris, and Savannah Pearson, and Jesse Thorson, have provided an essential addition to our editorial and proof-reading capacities. All have worked on very tight timetables with great care and friendly courtesy.

Our data partner is Gallup, and institutional sponsors include the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, the Centre for Economic Performance at the LSE, the Vancouver School of Economics at UBC, and the Wellbeing Research Centre at Oxford.

Whether in terms of research, data, or grants, we are enormously grateful for all of these contributions.
John Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey D. Sachs, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Lara Aknin, Shun Wang; and Sharon Paculor, Production Editor

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The World Happiness Report is a publication of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, powered by the Gallup World Poll data.

# data[].attributes.body
Switzerland is ranked as the 24th happiest country in the world

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Measuring what matters: sustainable wellbeing for all. It tells us how well nations are doing at achieving long, happy, sustainable lives.

# data[].attributes.body
Poverty- welfare is available for individuals living below the poverty line

Health care- there is not free health care in Switzerland but all Swiss residents are obligated to have private health insurance

Holiday leave - all employees in Switzerland get a minimum of 4 weeks paid holiday

Maternity & paternity leave - maternity leave is 14 weeks long and paternity leave is two weeks

Education - Switzerland has state, private, bilingual and international schools

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Employee Benefits in Switzerland - L&E Global Knowledge Centre

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Social Security A Swiss employer is fully liable to social security contributions in respect of its employees. This system, however, only applies to resident employers and non-resident enterprises having a permanent establishment in Switzerland. The contributions are borne fifty-fifty by both employer and employees. However, the employer contributes insurance premiums for occupational accidents and diseases.

# data[].attributes.body
Switzerland has managed to eliminate welfare dependency and intergenerational poverty

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
SWITZERLAND is not often thought of when we discuss the welfare state. In many respects it is not a welfare state. There is, for example, no national health service and most of the population is covered by voluntary health insurance. There is also no central program to provide a minimum guaranteed income for all of the population (other than for the aged and infirm) as found in England, Norway, and Sweden. Unlike the major European welfare states, the Swiss federal government defers in much greater measure to local autonomy. But in one critical respect it has achieved what the United States and European nations traditionally defined as welfare states have not: It has all but eliminated "welfare dependency," or intergenerational poverty, and it has done this in a strikingly different manner than other developed societies. Whether Switzerland has lessons to offer the troubled welfare states of Europe or the United States is another question. But first, let us describe how Switzerland deals with the poor, and how it shapes policies to encourage self-sufficiency and to prevent the development of dependent people in its population.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
SWITZERLAND is not often thought of when we discuss the welfare state. In many respects it is not a welfare state. There is, for example, no national health service and most of the population is covered by voluntary health insurance. There is a...

# data[].attributes.body
education system: Zimbabwe have a large number of private schools which are publicly funded. an interesting stat I found is that most students do not make it past secondary school meaning their population which has access to university is very low (Zimfact, 2016). every person pays for school whether its a small tuition fee in public schools, or full fees at private schools.

Health system: the health system in Zimbabwe is very weak, 1.6 physicians and 7.2 nurses for every 10,000 people. this lack of staff. the coronavirus only makes this worse with the state of this medical crisis not improving since 2015. (WHO, 2019)

employment rate: Zimbabwe have a 5% unemployment rate, this is relatively good (Macrotrends, 2019). however, a author on bbc suggested that the figure may be closer to 95% unemployed as there is a large amount of people receiving very low salaries making the countries GDP to be very, very, very, very low. (BBC, 2019)

poverty: the extreme poor has reached 7.9 million people. almost 49% of their population. (WBG, 2020)

dependency: independent