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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) 2005 is a government welfare initiative taken by the Government of India. It has provided employment for those able to do work in the rural areas for 100 days.Should the government not give the same, the people are ensured government pension.

Villagers would be encouraged to work to earn money.This could raise the income of the village, resulting in establishments of banks and self-help groups (SHG) that could help people earn more.

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Social order in the rural areas is usually characterized by the presence of landlords who rule over peasants.This is seen as aristocracy,as the peasants pay the landlords/rulers tax and other costs.

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Villages are small in size which allow more personalized relationships. Members of a village tend to know all or most members by sight.

Social structure in villages follow a more traditional pattern. Institutions like caste, religion, etc. are stronger here.

Unless there are special circumstances, change is slower to arrive in villages than in towns.

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The challenges faced by villages in the context of social order are as follows:

-New and revolutionary ideas from the village youth

-Probability of protests and riots demanding change

-Reach of globalization of the outside world on the villages

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The factors that influence rural change include:

-Ideas and beliefs put forward by the village.

-Climatic and ecological conditions.

-Population increase or decrease of village.

-Conflicts (internal and external) caused against the rural areas.

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Rural societies are characterized by :

Population Density: Rural areas tend to have lower population density compared to urban centers, offering vast open spaces and less concentrated populations.

Economic activities : The primary economic activities include agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining.

Infrastructure: Roads, schools, and healthcare facilities might be less developed, causing rural communities to sometimes lack access to essentials readily available in urban areas.

Technology: Access to technology can be uneven, with some areas having limited internet connectivity and digital resources.

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The lack of distance and anonymity in villages make it difficult for people to dissent because they can easily be identified and punished by dominant sections of society.

Relative power of dominant sections are more because they control most resources and avenues of employment.

Due to this, the poor have no choice but to depend on the dominant sections since there are no alternative sources of employment or other forms of support.

The small population makes it harder to gather large numbers of people since any effort made can quickly be suppressed.

If there is a strong power structure already in place in a village, it is difficult to change it. Therefore, changes in power shift in rural areas are slow and late to arrive in rural areas because social order is stronger and more resilient.

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Agrarian Economy

The rural social order is predominantly based on agriculture and most people are engaged in farming or related activities.

Close-Knit Communities

Rural areas are characterized by strong personal relationships.

People often share close bonds, and social interactions are based on face-to-face communication.

Caste System

In traditional rural areas, caste plays a significant role in organizing social relationships and work distribution and occupations and social status are often caste-based.

Division of Labor

Labor is divided along lines of caste, gender, and age.

Men and women typically have distinct roles in agricultural and household activities.

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Illiteracy and Lack of Education

Low levels of education in rural areas slow down awareness and acceptance of new ideas and technologies and creates somewhat of a barrier adopting modern practices.

Patriarchy and Gender Inequality

Patriarchal norms restrict womens roles in decision making and their access to education and employment.

Dependence on Agriculture

The heavy reliance on agriculture makes villages more vulnerable to risks, reducing the willingness to experiment with new ideas

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Agriculture has a major impact on rural societies. Measures like land reform which alter the structure of land ownership have an immediate impact.

Changes in technological organisation of agriculture also has a large and immediate impact on rural society. The introduction of labor saving machinery or new cropping patterns lessens the demand for labor.

Sudden fluctuations in agricultural prices, droughts or floods can devastate social order in rural society. Similarly, large scale development programmes aimed at the poor in rural areas can also have a huge impact.

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Modernization and Technology

The introduction of modern farming techniques, tools, and machinery has revolutionized agricultural practices.

Industrialization

Establishment of industries in or near rural areas creates employment opportunities.

Government Policies and Programs

Schemes like mgnrega, rural electrification, and housing projects improve living standards.

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Employment Generation

MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment per year to rural households

Reduction of Rural-Urban Migration

By providing employment locally, MGNREGA reduces the need for rural residents to migrate to urban areas in search of work.

Infrastructure Development

Work under MGNREGA includes building rural infrastructure such as roads, water conservation projects, irrigation facilities, and sanitation.

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Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005or MGNREGA, earlier known as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act or NREGA is an Indian social welfare measure that aims to guarantee the “right to work”.

It was passed on 23rd August 2005.

It seeks to enhance livelihood security by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment to at least one member of a rural Indian household willing to do unskilled labor.

Employment is to be provided within 5 km distance of the applicant’s place of residence and minimum legal wage is to be paid.

Applicants are entitled to an unemployment allowance if work is not provided within 15 days of applying.

NREGA can also help in protecting the environment, empowering rural women, fostering social equity and more.

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Factors impacting rural change are:

For decreasing the in the rate of unemployment

To improve the standard of living in rural areas

For adequate income for food, clothes, water, and other necessary supplies.

For women empowerment