# data[].attributes.body
Transcription: The process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied to mRNA (messenger RNA). The codons in the RNA serve as a blueprint for protein synthesis.
Translation: The process of creating the amino acid sequence of proteins from mRNA, with tRNA being used as an adapter

# data[].attributes.body
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
Cytosine binds to guanine and adenine binds to thymine.
RNA: ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
Cytosine binds to guanine and adenine binds to uracil.

# data[].attributes.body
Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane

# data[].attributes.body
Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

# data[].attributes.body
The unified cell theory states that: all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells.

# data[].attributes.body
cytoplasm: The cytoplasm (cyto = cell) is the medium which contains the organelles. The cytoplasm is mostly water and helps with shock absorption as well as the site of many cellular chemical reactions. The cytoplasm also contains protein fibers which help the cell maintain it's shape and also help during cell division.
cell (plasma) membrane: The cell (plasma) membrane controls what enters and exits the cell. The membrane is a phospholipid bilayer (2 layers) the surrounds the cell and separates the internal environment from the external environment.
cell wall: The cell wall is a rigid structure found in some eukaryotes (e.g., plants, fungi, and algae). The cell wall provides support to the cell and also helps separate the internal environment from the external environment.
nucleus: Referred to as the command center for the cell, the nucleus contains the cell's DNA. The nucleus is where proteins are organized into chromosomes which carry the genes to direct cellular activity, such as cell reproduction. The nucleus is also the site where RNA is made.
nucleolus: The nucleolus is a small organelle located inside the nucleus and assists with the synthesis of ribosomes.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: a network of membrane-bond structures which transports materials (e.g., proteins, lipids) throughout the cell. The rough E.R. contains ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: a network of membrane-bond structures which transports materials (e.g., proteins, lipids) throughout the cell. The smooth E.R. does not contain ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body, Golgi complex) is located in the cytoplasm near the rough ER and is the site where proteins are packaged (after being made on the rough ER) for export from the cell.
vacuoles: The vacuole stores materials and nutrients to be used by the cell later, as well as stores waste items to be removed from the cell. Note: Plants often have one "large" central vacuole.
chloroplasts: The chloroplast is the organelle where photosynthesis takes place in organisms such as plants and algae. Chloroplasts (and the chlorophyll inside) play a vital role in the the production of carbohydrates.
mitochondria: The mitochondrion (singular) is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because the organelle is the site of cell respiration. As you recall, cell respiration unlocks the potential energy in organic molecules (e.g., glucose) in to a from that the cell can use (ATP). Don't forget that cell respiration occurs in both plants and animals.
ribosomes: The ribosomes membrane-bound organelles which are the site of protein synthesis (which will be discussed in an upcoming lesson). The ribosomes are round in structure and made of RNA and proteins. Ribosomes are found floating freely throughout the cell or on endoplasmic reticulum.
lysosomes: The lysosomes are small membrane-bound structures that contains digestive enzymes to break down (into parts the cell can use) carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Lysosomes get substances ready to store in the cell as well as to be removed from the cell as waste.
vesicle: a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body.
Cilia: a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion.
Flagella: a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.
centrioles: The centrioles are cylinder-shaped organelles found in the nucleus and have an important role during cell division. The centrioles produce and organizes spindle fibers in animal cells during cell division. The spindle fibers help separate the chromosomes and move the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell. Note: Sometimes centrioles are not depicted in illustrations of animals cells because their primary role is during cell division.

# data[].attributes.body
The process in which cells turn fuel into usable energy in the form of ATP. It is important because it provides cells with the energy they need to survive. Oxygen and glucose are the reactants and ATP, carbon dioxide, and water are the products.

# data[].attributes.body
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis is important as it provides the majority of the oxygen used on Earth. It is done by autotrophs. The three reactants are sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. The two products are oxygen and glucose.

# data[].attributes.body
A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

10% rule: only ten percent of the energy contained on one level of the food chain can be passed on to the next

# data[].attributes.body
A graphic that depicts the linked feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

# data[].attributes.body
A relationship between organisms in which one benefits and one is harmed. An example would be a tapeworm taking nutrients from a host.

# data[].attributes.body
A relationship between organisms in which one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. An example would be a remora fish attached to a shark for protection.

# data[].attributes.body
Association between organisms of two different species in which each benefits. An example would be a bee taking nectar from a flower for food and pollinating it in return.

# data[].attributes.body
Species
-A group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring
Population
-all the organisms of the same group or species who live in a particular geographical area and are capable of interbreeding
Community
-All the biotic factors in an ecosystem
Ecosystem
-A system that includes all biotic and abiotic factors in an area
Biosphere
-All the biotic and abiotic factors on Earth