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​Although it is generally invisible to the viewer, filmmakers can easily see cinematic (or filmic) language in each other's work. Like verbal language, cinematic language follows a set of general grammar rules. When filmmakers do not adhere to cinematic grammar rules, audiences may find it challenging to understand their films.

One of the cardinal rules of cinematic grammar is screen direction, which entails maintaining consistent directional movement from shot to shot. If a director wants to convey consistent directional movement, a character who enters the screen from the right and crosses to exit it on the left in one shot must do the same thing in the next shot. If the character instead enters from the left and crosses to the right, that character will appear to reverse its direction.

The camera's position in relation to its subjects is critical to establishing logical screen direction and following many other essential rules of cinematic grammar. The rules help filmmakers match the eyelines of the characters as they interact and develop clear character point-of-view, among other subtle feats.

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A Brief Overview of Cinematic Grammar Among Filmmakers

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​Although it is generally invisible to the viewer, filmmakers can easily see cinematic (or filmic) language in each other's work. Like verbal language, cinematic language follows a set of general...

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Noah Genatossio is a Seattle, Washington-based independent historian with a passion for politics and public policy.

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Dealing with Anti-Semitism on College Campuses

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Dealing with Anti-Semitism on College Campuses

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Noah Genatossio studied political science at the University of Washington, where he also served as the president of Washington Students for Israel. In August 2016, Noah Genatossio was featured in an article by Jewish in Seattle Magazine, where he discussed growing anti-Semitism on US college campuses.

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Noah Genatossio studied political science at the University of Washington, where he also served as the president of Washington Students for Israel. In August 2016, Noah Genatossio was featured in an article by Jewish in Seattle Magazine, where he discussed growing anti-Semitism on US college campuses.

In June 2016, prior to the article's publication, the nti-Defamation League reported a close to 100 percent increase in anti-Semitic incidents in US college campuses. These were 10 percent of anti-Semitic incidents in the country. The report attributed the rise to condemnation of Israel by activist movements like Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) as well as Students United for Palestinian Equal Rights (SUPER).

According to Genatossio, the problem was made worse by a refusal by groups like SUPER to engage in dialogue with people of different views. This alienation of students in the pro-Israel community made them feel uncomfortable, creating tension where dialogue would have birthed a better outcome.

The article gave tips to students on handling anti-Semitism on campus. It urged them to distinguish between bigotry and ignorance (identify where someone's antipathy simply arose from missing the facts) and to separate legitimate criticism from de-legitimization (identify legitimate criticism versus a denial of Jewish people's right to self-determination). It also urged them to reach out to counselors and Jewish community institutions, work with people motivated to countering anti-Semitic bias, and document cases of anti-Semitism, in case evidence is needed to present to school leadership.

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Dealing with Anti-Semitism on College Campuses

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Noah Genatossio studied political science at the University of Washington, where he also served as the president of Washington Students for Israel. In August 2016, Noah Genatossio was featured in an article by Jewish in Seattle Magazine, where he discussed growing anti-Semitism on US college campuses.

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Jerusalem’s Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum

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Jerusalem’s Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum

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Before he was a logistics coordinator for Bickner Dance Floors in Seattle, Washington, Noah Genatossio studied at the University of Washington. While at the University of Washington, Noah Genatossio appeared in the student newspaper, describing his involvement with Judaism and his visit to the Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum in Jerusalem.

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Before he was a logistics coordinator for Bickner Dance Floors in Seattle, Washington, Noah Genatossio studied at the University of Washington. While at the University of Washington, Noah Genatossio appeared in the student newspaper, describing his involvement with Judaism and his visit to the Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum in Jerusalem.

Named for the Hebrew words for "a memorial and a n ame," the museum contains exhibits, artifacts, and documents relating to the Holocaust. Its centerpiece is an underground, prism-shaped corridor that is nearly 600 feet long and leads visitors chronologically through the event. Skylights illuminate the entrance to several galleries depicting different aspects of the genocide. The exhibits include letters, diaries, artwork, and films.

The museum also includes the Hall of Names, a biographical collection of more than 2 million victims. Some of these "pages of testimony" are displayed as images in an overhanging cone. Visitors may also search the museum's database or create new pages for it. For more information, please go to www.yadvashem.org.

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Jerusalem's Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum

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Before he was a logistics coordinator for Bickner Dance Floors in Seattle, Washington, Noah Genatossio studied at the University of Washington. While at the University of Washington, Noah Genatossio appeared in the student newspaper, describing his involvement with Judaism and his visit to the Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum in Jerusalem.

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Noah Genatossio - UW Alumnus with Interest in Policy and History

Based in Seattle, Washington, Noah Genatossio has worked in a variety of roles throughout his career. Most recently, he served as a logistics coordinator at Bickner Dance Floors and, prior to that, was a sous chef at Mondello Ristorante. He previously worked as a line cook at L'Fornos while attending the University of Washington (UW). Noah Genatossio graduated from UW in 2018 with a bachelor's degree in political science and fostered an interest in foreign policy, criminal defense, and the Middle East.

Noah Genatossio completed several internships during his time at UW. In his senior year, he served as a congressional intern for U.S. Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers. Before that, he gained experience as a Grinspoon Fellow with Israel on Campus Coalition and as a campaign intern for Bill Bryant for Governor. He also completed a two-month internship with the American Israel Public Affairs Committee.

Beyond his public policy and political intern experience, Mr. Genatossio participated in several activities on campus and served as president of Washington Students for Israel. Expanding upon his interest in policy and history, he is an independent historian and contributor to the website BlackPast.org.

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Noah Genatossio - UW Alumnus with Interest in Policy and History

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Noah Genatossio - UW Alumnus with Interest in Policy and History Based in Seattle, Washington, Noah Genatossio has worked in a variety of roles throughout his career. Most recently, he served as a logistics coordinator at Bickner Dance Floors and, prior to that, was a sous chef at Mondello Ristorante.