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Diff o/t Day: AmE 'the holidays' v BrE 'the festive season' for Christmas-New Year time. Old post: http://t.co/6BgJuTbjG8 Thx @iolanthe

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Diff o/t Day: AmE 'the holidays' v BrE 'the festive season' for Christmas-New Year time. Old post: http://t.co/6BgJuTbjG8 Thx @iolanthe

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Diff o/t Day: AmE 'the holidays' v BrE 'the festive season' for Christmas-New Year time. Old post: http://t.co/6BgJuTbjG8 Thx @iolanthe
— Lynne Murphy (@lynneguist) December 10, 2014

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Diff o/t Day: AmE 'the holidays' v BrE 'the festive season' for Christmas-New Year time. Old post: http://t.co/6BgJuTbjG8 Thx @iolanthe

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Diff o/t Day: AmE 'the holidays' v BrE 'the festive season' for Christmas-New Year time. Old post: http://t.co/6BgJuTbjG8 Thx @iolanthe

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Diff o/t Day: AmE 'the holidays' v BrE 'the festive season' for Christmas-New Year time. Old post: http://t.co/6BgJuTbjG8 Thx @iolanthe

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Should words be banned? @StanCarey takes issue with this fashionable practice: http://www.macmillandictionaryblog.com/the-vogue-for-banning-words…
Retweeted by Lynne

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I'm not a fan of banning words. Even moist. For one thing it's impossible, so I should say I'm not in favour of attempts to ban words either, even when those attempts aren't serious. It strikes me as futile and rash, a casual shot at censorship motivated by capricious dislike of a word that perhaps has become too popular for its own good.

For some institutions, like Time magazine and Lake Superior State University, banning words is an annual event; for others it's a continuous endeavour, with new entries added weekly. LSSU 's tradition began in 1976 as a publicity stunt, and it's still going strong. This year's list includes some words that appeared in Word of the Year lists twelve months earlier, like and : popularity is both the best and worst thing that can happen to a word. But whereas Word of the Year lists are a celebration of word culture, Banned Word lists are the opposite.

I've written before about the problem with banning words, but the idea never really goes away; it's topical again thanks to Time's ill-advised decision to include feminist in its recent list of words to ban in 2015. The magazine eventually backtracked and apologised, saying it 'meant to invite debate about some ways the word was used', but calling for a bunch of words to be banned seldom generates much in the way of edifying debate. It's more like: I hate X - ban it! Me too, but Y is worse. Ban Y! Ban the lot! - all a bit pitchforky and Newspeak for me.

Lists of words to ban make effective clickbait, because people are very conscious of language usage and can be wary of having their own usage policed. So they want to find out what words and phrases they should be avoiding and collectively hating. Many will join in, sounding off about words they 'd like to see banned. The logic seems to be that because they simply don't like a word or phrase, no one should ever, ever use it.

Decades ago there was a trend among language critics for keeping lists of 'vogue words', which they would advise us to avoid for being too fashionable. Some words given that label retreat into relative obscurity, while others become part of the common lexicon (even if, like , the 'vogue' label sticks). But apparently it's not enough to recommend shunning an overused word or expression any more - it has to be banned. Banning words, you could say, is in vogue. Isn't that reason enough to avoid it?

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I'm not a fan of banning words. Even moist . For one thing it's impossible, so I should say I'm not in favour of attempts to ban words either, even when those attempts aren't serious. It strikes me as futile and rash, a casual shot at censorship motivated by capricious dislike of a word that perhaps has become too popular for its own good.

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Difference of the Day: Americans are much more apt than the English to reply to 'thank you'. New blog post: Ihttp://bit.ly/1zwpchm

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I did two potentially (probably orig. AmE as adjective) fun things recently: I was interviewed for a famous (in one country) radio (BrE) programme/(AmE) show and I (BrE) went to the pictures and saw The Imitation Game. Potentially fun, and mostly fun, but not without worry and embarrassment.

Let's start with the (orig. AmE) radio. I've done a few such things, and in the past I have prepared. I asked producers 'is there anything you can predict I'll be asked?' and I made notes of things I thought would come up. Then the interviewer never wants to talk about what the producer said they would want to talk about, and I think "Why did I bother to prepare?"

This time, it was all very mysterious. The producer contacted me, and I only knew which broadcaster he worked for. He didn't tell me which show/programme it was for, nor who the interviewer was, just that it was going to be about the flow of words between US and UK. The mystery may have had something to do with the fact that the segment was being prepared as a surprise for another radio (BrE) presenter. But I just went with the mystery. I asked no questions other than where and when to show up and I did no preparation because it's so often wasted.

What I should have done, what I should always do, was to make a list of common topics on the blog (the Words of the Year, the things that have got the most comments, etc.) so that it would be available to inspire me. This is what I did not do. I just showed up at the BBC Sussex studios, put on my headphones, and talked (more AmE) with/(AmE & BrE) to someone in another city.

And the first thing the interviewer said was "Quick! List Americanisms that have become common in British English!" Dear Reader, I could have said movies, I could have said train station, I could have said Can I get a.... I could have said many, many, many things. But I choked. I said various things that have been in BrE so long that no one alive reali{s/z}es they're American, like belittle. I said awesome repeatedly. And then I said you're welcome, when used as a response to thank you. The interviewer was taken with that one.

Fast-forward a few days and I'm watching The Imitation Game, being slightly bothered by words and phrases coming out of characters' mouths that I don't think would have come out of wartime British mouths. But then Alan Turing/Benedict Cumberbatch says You're welcome in response to thank you, and I think: I lied on the radio.

Then I looked for my (more BrE in this use) bag, to get out a pen to write myself a note to look it up later. Then I couldn't find my bag under the seat. Then I spent the rest of the (more BrE than AmE) film wondering if I'd left my bag in the café ( AmE) restroom/(BrE) toilet. Which is to say, I have no idea who won the war because my mind was elsewhere for the rest of the (orig. AmE) running time.

Is you're welcome an Americanism?

One thing I can say for sure is that it's a recent-ism. (I'm talking only here about the response-to-thanks usage, which is different from its use in other contexts: welcomings, offers and invitations, e.g. you're welcome to join us.) The OED's first example of it as a response to thank you comes from 1907, then not another till 1960. All of these are British, but the OED can't always be trusted on this matter because it is based in the UK and historically got most of its materials from the UK. This is mostly a spoken phrase, so it could have had a nice life somewhere else before anyone at the OED noticed it.

Looking at the Corpus of Historical American English, the first you're welcome as response to thank you is from a 1909 story by Myrtle Reed:

"...Come, let's be friends. " He offered his hand. She put hers into it for a moment, then quickly took it away. He noted that it was very cold. " I must be going, " she said, keeping her self-control with difficulty, " Aunt Francesca will miss me. " " Thank you for coming -- and for bringing the violin. " " Good-bye. " " Good-bye, Silver Girl. I hope you'll be happy. "

We're stuck with fictional uses because people weren't going around recording actual conversation quite yet, but certainly the 1907 British and 1909 American fictional uses must be reflecting something that was already going on in the spoken language. What's weird is that there's no particular evidence here of one place being first. At that point in our history, after independence but before wars and mass media brought us together, you'd think that linguistic innovations would be locatable in one place or the other. So here's a hypothesis: maybe the Irish started it and we were all following their cue.

Why did I think it was American, despite this lack of evidence?

(A) because I knew it was recent.
(B) because someone might've proposed it to me as an Americanism at some point, and I was recalling that.
(C) because you hear it more in AmE than BrE.

Reading around a bit on the topic now, I'm interested to see that several researchers (all cited in Schneider 2005) have found that English speakers are less likely to give a verbal response to thanks than speakers of other European languages and that British English speakers are the least likely of all to verbally respond to thanks with a 'minimizer' like no problem, my pleasure, or you're welcome. Perhaps this has something to do with the fact that in Britain thank you/thanks is often used for purposes other than thanking, or maybe it doesn't. (It depends on how the research was done--and I don't have access to all of it at the moment.)

Karen Aijmer's 1996 book Conversational Routines in English makes this point about English speakers not always responding to thanks, but has a footnote "But note the high frequency of you're welcome in American English" (p. 78). Edmondson and House (1981:167) proposed that you're welcome should be labeled as 'formal' in British English, "but definitely not in American, where this token is much more common".

I may be on to something with the Irish suggestion. After all, there were a lot (millions) of Irish people in the US by 1900. Looking online for equivalents of you're welcome in Irish, I find tá fáilte romhat, which seems to literally mean 'you're welcome'. One commenter thinks might be an anglicism. But maybe it's the other way (a)round: maybe you're welcome is an Irishism in English (to use the technical term, a , or loan translation). I don't have the means to check this, but maybe an Irish speaker among(st) you does?

Furthermore, in Schneider's study of present-day responses to thanks (using a discourse completion task), the Irish use a lot more welcome responses than the English do. Not as many as the Americans, but still:

(And let's just pause to note that the most common English response was the Americanism okay.)

So, I'm not sure if you're welcome is an Americanism or if its use in the Great Britain today is the effect of Americani{s/z}ation. I'm not feeling too bad about my panic-saying of it to the interviewer because, well, it is a much more American thing to say than British thing to say. And maybe it'll be edited out anyway. Please, let it be edited out anyway.

(I'll update this with news of the mysterious interview once it's been broadcast.)

References

Aijmer, Karen. 1996. Conversational routines in English: convention and creativity. London: Longman.

Edmondson, Willis, and Julianne House. 1981. Let's talk and talk about it: a pedagogic interactional grammar of English. Munich: Urban & Swarzenberg.

Schneider, Klaus P. 2005. No problem, you're welcome, anytime: responding to thanks in Ireland, England and the USA. In Anne Barron and Klaus P. Schneider (eds.), Pragmatics in Irish English. Berlin: DeGruyter Mouton.

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I did two potentially (probably orig. AmE as adjective) fun things recently: I was interviewed for a famous (in one country) radio (BrE) programme/(AmE) show and I (BrE) went to the pictures and saw The Imitation Game. Potentially fun, and mostly fun, but not without worry and embarrassment.

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I find it funny that "toilet paper" has only just been added to the dictionary, considering that it's quite and ordinary and common thing. There is also a funny word "wachadoodle" that has been added to the dictionary.

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I don't like the fact that "cray" has been added to the dictionary, meaning crazy. It is completely pointless. Also, I don't like the word "amazeballs" because it sounds really stupid. Who would honestly use this in an actual conversation?

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Yolo, an acronym for 'you only live once', is among the latest new words added to the Oxford online dictionary.

The phrase, along with 'adorbs' - meaning cute or adorable, and 'binge-watch' - which means to avidly watch something - has been added to oxforddictionaries.com.

The website is a catalogue of current definitions of English words as they are used today.

Other new inclusions include "tech-savvy" and "clickbait".

The words have been revealed as part of the latest quarterly update of the online dictionary, and give an insight for linguists into current language usage trends.

The words will not, for now, appear in the paper-version of the Oxford English Dictionary, which is a more historical account of words, but they could do in the foreseeable future if they continue to be frequently used for years to come.

According to the online dictionary's language monitoring programme, use of the word 'binge-watch' increased fourfold in February and tripled in June, based on its average use over the last two years.

There were notable spikes in its usage recorded around the latest releases of political drama House Of Cards in February and the US comedy Orange Is The New Black in June 2014.

Other informal terms entered into the online dictionary:

bank of mum and dad - a person's parents regarded as a source of financial assistance or support

bro hug - another term for 'man hug' and is used to describe two males embracing

cray - crazy

hench - often used to describe a man who is strong, fit, and having well-developed muscles

hot mess - a person or thing that is spectacularly unsuccessful or disordered:

mansplain - (Of a man) explain (something) to someone, typically a woman, in a manner regarded as condescending or patronising

side-eye - a sidelong glance expressing disapproval or contempt

spit-take - an act of suddenly spitting out liquid one is drinking in response to something funny or surprising

Changes in media consumption habits have also seen the word 'hate-watch' - which means watching a programme for the sake of the enjoyment derived from mocking or criticising it - and 'listicle' - an online article presented in the form of a numbered or bullet-pointed list - added to the web dictionary.

Technology has continued to enter everyday vernacular with words such as 'clickbait' - used to describe an eye-catching word on a website - and 'tech-savy' also making the list.

All new words, senses, and phrases are added to oxforddictionaries.com once enough independent evidence from a range of sources has been gathered to prove their widespread use in English.

Linguistic evolution

Other words added include 'side-boob' - which describes the side part of a woman's breast, 'neckbeard" - meaning male facial hair growing on the neck, and 'humblebrag' - an ostensibly modest or self-deprecating statement, the actual purpose of which is to draw attention to something of which one is proud.

Oxford Dictionaries editor Katherine Connor Martin said one of the main advantages of its language monitoring programme was "to explore how English language evolves differently across the world".

She said: "Naturally, many words are used in similar frequencies in the UK and US, for instance the informal additions 'amazeballs' and 'neckbeard'.

"However, some new slang and informal words catch on much more quickly in a particular variety of English - for instance, in our monitoring sample, side-boob is more than 10 times more common in the UK than in the US whereas 'adorbs' is used about four times more often in the US as in the UK."

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Yolo, an acronym for 'you only live once', is among the latest new words added to the Oxford online dictionary. The phrase, along with 'adorbs' - meaning cute or adorable, and 'binge-watch' - which means to avidly watch something - has been added to oxforddictionaries.com.

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A man who knows what he wants, and will do almost anything to get it. He fears nothing.His heart is beautiful, and only very few people have touched it. But he touches the hearts of many, and doesn't even know it. His face is as beautiful and wonderful as his personality.

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When I was younger, I was given a name origin card by my Grandmother. It said that my name came from the Greek name Yeoshua, which meant "messenger of God".

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Joshua () or Jehoshua ( Hebrew: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‬ Yehōšuʿa) is the central figure in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Joshua. According to the books of Exodus, Numbers and Joshua, he was Moses' assistant and became the leader of the Israelite tribes after the death of Moses.

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Garrood Name Meaning & Garrood Family History at Ancestry.co.uk

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Discover the meaning of the Garrood name on Ancestry. Find your family's average life expectancy, most common occupation, and more.

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Surname Database: Garrood Last Name Origin

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Last name meaning Garrood: This ancient surname is pre 7th century. It is said to be Germanic but was later adopted by the Vikings who marched down from Scandinavia through the Netherlands to finally take control of Normandy...

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Assassin
n. Murderer, generally somewhat professional; esp. one who murders a prominent figure.
During the time of the Crusades the members of a certain secret Muslim sect engaged people to terrorise their Christian enemies by performing murders as a religious duty. These acts were carried out under the influence of hashish, and so the killers became known as hashshashin, meaning eaters or smokers of hashish. Hashshashinevolved into the word assassin.

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Information from Office for National Statistics from 2003 to 2007 shows "Joshua" among the top-five given names for newborn males.[6] In Scotland, the popularity of "Joshua" has been substantially lower than in the rest of the United Kingdom, appearing at rank 35 in 2000 and rising to rank 22 in 2006.

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Joshua is a Biblical given name derived from the Hebrew Yehoshua (יהושע‬). The name was a common alternative form of the name יֵשׁוּעַ‬ - yēšūă which corresponds to the Greek spelling Ἰησοῦς ( Iesous), from which, through the Latin Iesus, comes the English spelling Jesus.

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From the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshu'a) meaning "YAHWEH is salvation". Joshua was one of the twelve spies sent into Canaan by Moses, as told in the Old Testament. After Moses died Joshua succeeded him as leader of the Israelites. As an English name, Joshua has been in use since the Protestant Reformation.

The name Jesus comes from a Greek translation of the Aramaic short form יֵשׁוּעַ (Yeshu'a), which was the real name of Jesus.

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Meaning, origin and history of the name Joshua

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The meaning, origin and history of the name Joshua.

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'Twerking', 'amazeballs' and 'moist' were yesterday (Thur) named and shamed as the words we most hate - while 'beer', 'snuggle' and 'wazzock' are ones we love.

Others (non-expletive) words guaranteed to make us squirm include 'whatever', the over-used 'basically' and the slightly more unpleasant 'piddle'.

The likes of 'banter', 'random' and 'totes', which have all become commonplace in recent years, also featured as our least-favourite words.

Meanwhile words which roll off the tongue such as 'discombobulate', 'haberdashery' and 'knickerbockerglory' all made it onto the list of those we love.

A recent study asked thousands of adults which words they just love to hear and use - and which ones make their blood boil.

Among other most hated words were 'anaesthetic' - possibly because it is difficult to spell and has serious medical connotations - and 'violate', perhaps because of its link to all things criminal.

'Snogging', 'discharge', 'oregano' and 're-deploy', 'bespoke' and 'prejudice' were all strongly disliked by the adults surveyed.

'Couch', 'bromance' and 'blancmange' also made the hated list as did 'mental', 'nugget', 'anomaly', 'cusp', 'ointment', 'flow', 'rasher' and 'gesticulate'.

The respondents were also asked to put forward names which they enjoy reeling off.

Among these were 'circumnavigate', 'discombobulate' and 'hippopotamus', while love was also expressed for 'raindrop', 'sprocket', 'plump', wazzock', 'thingamabob', 'badger' and 'bundle'.

A spokesman for paid survey site, OnePoll, which commissioned the study of 2,000 adults, said: 'We never imagined the nation would find such mainstream words so frustrating.

'Quite often we find ourselves using these words automatically in sentences every day without realising we could be frustrating our friends, family or colleagues.

A total of 500 words were put forward in total of which researchers published the top 25 of each.

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'Twerking' and 'amazeballs' are among our most hated words, but which ones do we love most?

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'Twerking', 'amazeballs' and 'moist' were yesterday (Thur) named and shamed as the words we most hate - while 'beer', 'snuggle' and 'wazzock' are ones we love. Others (non-expletive) words guaranteed to make us squirm include 'whatever', the over-used 'basically' and the slightly more unpleasant 'piddle'.

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I dislike the phrase "to be honest".

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The Atlantic's fantastic interview on teaching, writing and reading with Stephen King is well worth reading in full. "It's such a horrible idea to try teaching Moby-Dick or Dubliners to high school juniors. Even the bright ones lose heart. But it's good to make them reach a little. They've got to see there are brighter literary worlds than Twilight. Reading good fiction is like making the jump from masturbation to sex ... ".

But perhaps the most interesting part is where teacher and writer Jessica Lahey wrangles out of King what his most irritating phrases of the moment are. The author had, in his memoir and writers' manual On Writing, previously laid down the following laws: "I believe that anyone using the phrase 'That's so cool' should have to stand in the corner and that those using the far more odious phrases 'at this point in time' and 'at the end of the day' should be sent to bed without supper", also condemning passive verbs and adverbs.

Naming her own most irksome new phrase as "on accident" - and I'm slightly bemused as to how to use this one, so can happily state I've not sinned here - Lahey asked King if he had any additions to this list. "'Some people say', or 'Many believe,' or 'The consensus is'. That kind of lazy attribution makes me want to kick something. Also, IMHO, YOLO, and LOL," said the novelist.

As someone who will type out tomorrow and yesterday in full in a text message no matter the rush, and who has never knowingly written Happy Xmas (until just now, and it is making my skin twitch), I know I'm not guilty of the latter. The former - yes, they're annoying and lazy, and I hope I've never used them. A quick search of my email doesn't throw anything up. I hope I'm safe.

That's not the case for my own most irritating word/phrase of the moment: brainchild. I have used it in the past, on a few occasions, and I'm cringing to see it. What a terrible mutant hybrid of a word - why not just say "idea"? Why does it have to be the child of a brain? I vow, here and now, never to let it darken my keyboard again. Brainchildren: be gone.

Comfort me, please, with your own moments of linguistic shame - and your current most-hated turns of phrase. And comfort yourselves with King's citation of WF Harvey's fabulous short story August Heat as one of the "read-alouds" he used to choose for classes when teaching English literature. "By the time I reached the last line - 'The heat is enough to drive a man mad' - you could hear a pin drop," says the author. It's one of my favourites too. Try it.
Topics

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Stephen King has named his most hated expressions. What are yours?

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The Atlantic's fantastic interview on teaching, writing and reading with Stephen King is well worth reading in full. "It's such a horrible idea to try teaching Moby-Dick or Dubliners to high school juniors. Even the bright ones lose heart. But it's good to make them reach a little.

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My mother does not like the word "convulsive".

She doesn't like the way it is spelt, and it reminds her of the word "repulsive".

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I dislike words like "ain't" and "yolo". This is because I believe they sound stupid, and do not fit in to everyday conversation.

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Yolo, an acronym for 'you only live once', is among the latest new words added to the Oxford online dictionary.

The phrase, along with 'adorbs' - meaning cute or adorable, and 'binge-watch' - which means to avidly watch something - has been added to oxforddictionaries.com.

The website is a catalogue of current definitions of English words as they are used today.

Other new inclusions include "tech-savvy" and "clickbait".

The words have been revealed as part of the latest quarterly update of the online dictionary, and give an insight for linguists into current language usage trends.

The words will not, for now, appear in the paper-version of the Oxford English Dictionary, which is a more historical account of words, but they could do in the foreseeable future if they continue to be frequently used for years to come.

According to the online dictionary's language monitoring programme, use of the word 'binge-watch' increased fourfold in February and tripled in June, based on its average use over the last two years.

There were notable spikes in its usage recorded around the latest releases of political drama House Of Cards in February and the US comedy Orange Is The New Black in June 2014.

Other informal terms entered into the online dictionary:

bank of mum and dad - a person's parents regarded as a source of financial assistance or support

bro hug - another term for 'man hug' and is used to describe two males embracing

cray - crazy

hench - often used to describe a man who is strong, fit, and having well-developed muscles

hot mess - a person or thing that is spectacularly unsuccessful or disordered:

mansplain - (Of a man) explain (something) to someone, typically a woman, in a manner regarded as condescending or patronising

side-eye - a sidelong glance expressing disapproval or contempt

spit-take - an act of suddenly spitting out liquid one is drinking in response to something funny or surprising

Changes in media consumption habits have also seen the word 'hate-watch' - which means watching a programme for the sake of the enjoyment derived from mocking or criticising it - and 'listicle' - an online article presented in the form of a numbered or bullet-pointed list - added to the web dictionary.

Technology has continued to enter everyday vernacular with words such as 'clickbait' - used to describe an eye-catching word on a website - and 'tech-savy' also making the list.

All new words, senses, and phrases are added to oxforddictionaries.com once enough independent evidence from a range of sources has been gathered to prove their widespread use in English.

Linguistic evolution

Other words added include 'side-boob' - which describes the side part of a woman's breast, 'neckbeard" - meaning male facial hair growing on the neck, and 'humblebrag' - an ostensibly modest or self-deprecating statement, the actual purpose of which is to draw attention to something of which one is proud.

Oxford Dictionaries editor Katherine Connor Martin said one of the main advantages of its language monitoring programme was "to explore how English language evolves differently across the world".

She said: "Naturally, many words are used in similar frequencies in the UK and US, for instance the informal additions 'amazeballs' and 'neckbeard'.

"However, some new slang and informal words catch on much more quickly in a particular variety of English - for instance, in our monitoring sample, side-boob is more than 10 times more common in the UK than in the US whereas 'adorbs' is used about four times more often in the US as in the UK."

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Yolo, an acronym for 'you only live once', is among the latest new words added to the Oxford online dictionary. The phrase, along with 'adorbs' - meaning cute or adorable, and 'binge-watch' - which means to avidly watch something - has been added to oxforddictionaries.com.