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German imperial colonies

These are colonies settled by and controlled by the German Empire from 1884 to 1919. Those territories constituted the German Colonial Empire.

Africa

The following were German African protectorates.
German colonies in Africa, 1884-1920

German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika):

Tanganyika. In 1922 became a League of Nations mandate under the United Kingdom. In 1961 became independent and in 1964 joined with former British protectorate of the sultanate of Zanzibar to form present-day Tanzania

Ruanda-Urundi (1885–1917) - present-day Rwanda and Burundi

Wituland (1885–1890) - since 1890 in Kenya

Kionga Triangle - since 1920 (earlier occupied) in Portuguese Mozambique

German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) - present-day Namibia (except then-British Walvis Bay) and part of Botswana (Südrand des Caprivi-Zipfels)

German West Africa (Deutsch-Westafrika) - existed as one unit only for two or three years, then split into two colonies due to distances:

Kamerun (1884–1914) - after World War I, separated into a British part, Cameroons, and a FrenchCameroun, which became present Cameroon.

The British part was later split in half, with one part joiningNigeria and the other Cameroon. (Kamerun, Nigeria-Ostteil, Tschad-Südwestteil, Zentralafrikanische Republik-Westteil, Republik Kongo-Nordostteil, Gabun-Nordteil)

Togoland (1884–1914) - after World War I it separated into two parts: a British part (Ghana-Westteil), which joined Ghana, and a French one, which became Togo

Pacific

These were German colonies in the Pacific.
German colonies in southern Pacific: Kaiserwilhelmsland and the Bismarck Archipelago (Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands)

German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) (1884–1914) and Micronesia (later incorporated into the German New Guinea)

Kaiser-Wilhelmsland

Bismarck Archipelago (Bismarck-Archipel)

German Solomon Islands or Northern Solomon Islands (Salomonen or Nördliche Salomon-Inseln) (1885–1899)

Bougainville Island (Bougainville-Insel) (1888–1919)

Nauru (1888–1919)

Marshall Islands (Marschall-Inseln) (1885–1919)

Mariana Islands (Marianen) (1899–1919) - present-day Northern Mariana Islands

Caroline Islands (Karolinen) (1899–1919) - present-day Federated States of Micronesia and Palau

German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) (1899–1914) - present-day Samoa

Colonial Possessions and Protectorates of the German Empire, 1883-1920, confirmed by Treaty, International Agreement, or Purchase
China

These are German concessions in China leased to it by the Qing Dynasty.

Jiaozhou Bay concession (Deutsch-Kiautschou) (1898-1914)

Chefoo (190?-1918)

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German imperial colonies

These are colonies settled by and controlled by the German Empire from 1884 to 1919. Those territories constituted the German Colonial Empire.

Africa

The following were German African protectorates.
German colonies in Africa, 1884-1920

German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika):

Tanganyika. In 1922 became a League of Nations mandate under the United Kingdom. In 1961 became independent and in 1964 joined with former British protectorate of the sultanate of Zanzibar to form present-day Tanzania

Ruanda-Urundi (1885–1917) - present-day Rwanda and Burundi

Wituland (1885–1890) - since 1890 in Kenya

Kionga Triangle - since 1920 (earlier occupied) in Portuguese Mozambique

German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) - present-day Namibia (except then-British Walvis Bay) and part of Botswana (Südrand des Caprivi-Zipfels)

German West Africa (Deutsch-Westafrika) - existed as one unit only for two or three years, then split into two colonies due to distances:

Kamerun (1884–1914) - after World War I, separated into a British part, Cameroons, and a FrenchCameroun, which became present Cameroon. The British part was later split in half, with one part joining Nigeria and the other Cameroon. (Kamerun, Nigeria-Ostteil, Tschad-Südwestteil, Zentralafrikanische Republik-Westteil, Republik Kongo-Nordostteil, Gabun-Nordteil)

Togoland (1884–1914) - after World War I it separated into two parts: a British part (Ghana-Westteil), which joined Ghana, and a French one, which became Togo

Pacific

These were German colonies in the Pacific.
German colonies in southern Pacific: Kaiserwilhelmsland and the Bismarck Archipelago (Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands)

German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) (1884–1914) and Micronesia (later incorporated into the German New Guinea)

Kaiser-Wilhelmsland

Bismarck Archipelago (Bismarck-Archipel)

German Solomon Islands or Northern Solomon Islands (Salomonen or Nördliche Salomon-Inseln) (1885–1899)

Bougainville Island (Bougainville-Insel) (1888–1919)

Nauru (1888–1919)

Marshall Islands (Marschall-Inseln) (1885–1919)

Mariana Islands (Marianen) (1899–1919) - present-day Northern Mariana Islands

Caroline Islands (Karolinen) (1899–1919) - present-day Federated States of Micronesia and Palau

German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) (1899–1914) - present-day Samoa

Colonial Possessions and Protectorates of the German Empire, 1883-1920, confirmed by Treaty, International Agreement, or Purchase
China

These are German concessions in China leased to it by the Qing Dynasty.

Jiaozhou Bay concession (Deutsch-Kiautschou) (1898-1914)

Chefoo (190?-1918)

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The Treaty of Versailles | Back to top

The terms of the Treaty of Versailles were announced in June 1919. The German politicians were not consulted about the terms of the Treaty. They were shown the draft terms in May 1919. They complained bitterly, but the Allies did not take any notice of their complaints. Germany had very little choice but to sign the Treaty.

The main terms were:

1. War guilt

Germany had to accept the guilt for starting the war.

2. Germany's armed forces

The German army was limited to 100,000 men.

Conscription (forced army service) was banned; soldiers had to be volunteers.

Germany was not allowed armoured vehicles, submarines or aircraft.

The navy could build only six battleships.

The Rhineland became a demilitarised zone. This meant that no German troops were allowed into that area.

3. Reparations

Germany had to pay for the damage caused by the war. The exact figure was not agreed until 1921 when it was set at £6,600 million, an enormous amount.

4. German territories and colonies

Alsace-Lorraine went to France

Eupen, Moresnet and Malmedy went to Belgium

North Schleswig went to Denmark (after a vote by the population)

West Prussia and Posen went to Poland

Danzig became a free city controlled by the League of Nations (giving Poland a seaport)

Memel went to Lithuania

Saar was controlled by the League of Nations (with a vote by the population to be held on the matter after 15 years)

German colonies became mandates under the control of the League of Nations (in practice this usually meant Britain and France)

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania became independent states (Germany had taken these states from Russia in 1918)

5. League of Nations

The League of Nations was set up as an international 'police force'. The League was based on a Covenant (or agreement). The Covenant and the constitution of the League of Nations were part of the terms of the Treaty. Germany was not invited to join the League until it had shown that it could be a peace-loving country

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Losses of Colonies in the Pacific Islands during/after the war

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Losses of Colonies in the Pacific Islands during/after the war

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Samoa (1899-1914)

Caroline Islands (1899–1919)

Mariana (1899–1919)

Marshall Islands (1885–1919)

Papa New Guiana

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Losses of colonies in Africa during/after the war

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Losses of colonies in Africa during/after the war

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Ruanda-Urundi (1885-1917)

Wituland (in Kenya)

Nambia

Kamerun (1884-1914)

Tanzania

Togoland (1884-1914)

Kionga triangle

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for this it is what we think the other countries. so take something million for the death of the soldiers or all the equipment and stuff like that.

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totalling 50 billion marks (US$12.5 billion)

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"With Germany officially at war with France and Russia, a conflict originally centered in the tumultuous Balkans region—with the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, and the subsequent standoff between Austria-Hungary, Serbia and Serbia’s powerful Slavic supporter, Russia—had erupted into a full-scale war."

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1. Abolition of secret diplomacy

2. Free navigation at sea for all nations in war and peace

3. Free trade between countries

4. Disarmament by all countries

5. Colonies to have a say in their own future

6. German troops to leave Russia

7. Restoration of independence for Belgium

8. France to regain Alsace and Lorraine

9. Frontier between Austria and Italy to be adjusted along the lines of nationality

10. Self-determination for the peoples of Austria-Hungary

11. Serbia to have access to the sea

12. Self-determination for the people in the Turkish Empire and permanent opening of the

Dardanelles

13. Poland to become an independent state with access to the sea

14. A League of Nations to be set up in order to preserve the peace.

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"When the German government sued for an end to fighting, they did so in the belief that the
Armistice would be based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points. It offered an alternative to having
to face the ‘total’ defeat that the nature of this war had indicated would happen. In reality,
the Armistice terms were very tough, and were designed not only to remove Germany’s
ability to continue fighting, but also to serve as the basis for a more permanent weakening
of Germany. The terms of the Armistice ordered Germany to evacuate all occupied territory
including Alsace-Lorraine, and to withdraw beyond a 10km-wide neutral zone to the east of the Rhine.

Allied troops would occupy the west bank of the Rhine. The Germans also lost all their submarines and much of their surface fleet and air force"

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Germany: 1,773,700 to 2,037,000

France: 1,357,000 to 1,397,800

USA: 116,708

UK: 702,917 to 888,246

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1) The question of Germany's post-war borders
2) The question of Germany's armed forces
3) The question of Germany's colonies
4) The question of the former Austria-Hungary
5) The question of reparations/indemnity payments
6) The question of War Guilt