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A medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins

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An organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another (EX: mosquito --> Malaria

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A technique using echoes of ultrasound pulses to delineate objects or areas of different density in the body

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A laboratory apparatus most commonly used to amplify segments of DNA via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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Derived from hot springs bacteria and can tolerate the intense heat of a PCR reaction; begins polymerization, adding nucleotides to the DNA creating two-double stranded copies of target DNA

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Denoting the liquid lying above a solid residue after crystallization, precipitation, centrifugation, or other process

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A variation in a single base pair in a DNA sequence; most common type of genetic variation; can act as biological markers that are associated with disease since the mutations can occur among and within genes

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Refers to the practice using medical techniques to choose the sex of offspring, including selecting embryos for transfer and implantation following IVF (in vitro fertilization) separating sperm, and selectively terminating a pregnancy

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Enzymes that cut a DNA molecule at a particular place (e.g. DNA polymerase, helicase)

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A short strand of RNA or DNA (generally about 18-22 bases) that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis

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Screening test used to determine if genetic or chromosomal disorders are present in embryos produced through in vitro fertilization

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The technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence

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The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

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Practice of testing every newborn for certain harmful or potentially fatal disorders that aren't otherwise apparent at birth

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The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei after being stopped in the metaphase stage of mitosis

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Procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. During IVF, mature eggs are collected (retrieved) from your ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab

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All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group

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One of the biologic units of heredity, self-reproducing, and located at a definite position (locus) on a particular chromosome

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Provides information and support to people who have, or may be at risk for, genetic disorders

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An experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease

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The basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character

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A change in the usual nature of a substance

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To replicate a fragment of DNA in an organism enough to analyze or use in protein production

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A prenatal test where a sample of chorionic villi is taken from the placenta through the cervix or abdominal wall for testing

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A test to see whether you or your parent carry a genetic mutation that could cause an inherited disorder in your bod

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Recombining DNA to the double strand form after separation from heat

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A surgical procedure of a pregnant women to obtain sample of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac in the uterus, by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall