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Limited government (dynamic): Brown v.s Board of Education 

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Limited government (dynamic): Brown v.s Board of Education 

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The result of the Plessy v. Ferguson case was that separate but equal was deemed constitutional by the Supreme Court. This upheld segregation and the legality of the Jim Crow Laws for much of the early twentieth century (This included segregated schools). Many people had disagreed with this ruling so in 1954 Brown v.s Board of Education came before the Supreme Court. Brown v.s Board of Education was actually 5 cases that addressed the constitutionality of racially segregated state funded schools. The Supreme Court was divided on the case and decided to rehear it in December 1953. The court then unanimously concluded that separate but equal education facilities were inherently unequal. This is an example of dynamic limited government because it changed what the government was allowed to do in regards to racial segregation.

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Separation of powers/checks and balences (dynamic): War Powers Resolution

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Separation of powers/checks and balences (dynamic): War Powers Resolution

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The U.S constitution divides the war power between the federal executive and federal legislative branches. The President is the Commander in Chief of the armed forces, and Congress can declare war. There were growing concerns about the fact that the President could send armed forces out without a declaration of war from Congress. After the Vietnam war Congress passed the Wars Power Resolution (or act), which limited the President's power and expanded Congress'. It said that the President was to only use his powers as Commander in Chief if there was a declaration of war, if he got authorization from Congress, or if there has been an attack upon the U.S. The resolution also said that the President has to consult with Congress before sending U.S. armed forces into hostile situations (and had to continue consulting Congress as long as those forces were deployed), the President also has to fulfill reporting requirements when he sends armed forces into hostile situations, and section 1543(a)(1) of the resolution can cause a 60 day time limit on the use of U.S. forces.  This is an example of separation of government because the purpose of the resolution was to limit the President's power and expand Congress'.

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Limited Government (stable): Mapp v. Ohio

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Limited Government (stable): Mapp v. Ohio

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Ohio police had suspected Dollree Mapp of hiding a person connected to a bombing, the police went to her home in Cleveland, Ohio. When Mapp did not let them in her house because they did not have a warrant, the police forced their way in. The police found pornographic material in Mapp's possession.  She was arrested for violation of  2905.34 of Ohio's Revised Code. Though the police didn't have a warrant, the court found Mapp guilty and she was sentenced to jail. Mapp then took her case to the U.S. Supreme Court and Court ruled that evidence obtained without a warrant was inadmissible in court as it was a violation of the 4th amendment. This is an example of stable limited government because the government was trying to expand their power by legalizing obtaining evidence without a warrant but were stopped, which shows that even those in power cannot do everything that they want.

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Jane Roe was an unmarried pregnant women who wanted to get an abortion in Texas. However Texan law at the time made it illegal to get an abortion for anything other than the purpose of saving the mother's life.  Roes filed a lawsuit that eventually made its way to the supreme court. The court ruled that a women's right to an abortion fell under the 4th and 14th amendment and that states couldn't restrict a women's right to get an abortion during the first trimester. This is an example of dynamic federalism because this used to be a state by state decision that has now been decided by a branch of the Federal government.

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Separation of Government/Checks and Balances (stable): Anti-Miscegenation Amendment

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Separation of Government/Checks and Balances (stable): Anti-Miscegenation Amendment

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In 1871, a democratic Missouri representative named Andrew King proposed an amendment that would make interracial marriage illegal nationwide. King had predicted that the 14th amendment would cause laws banning interracial marriage to be ruled unconstitutional. In this example a representative was checked by the legislative branch which contributed to a stable government.

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Popular Sovereignty (stable): North arolina voter ID law struck down

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Popular Sovereignty (stable): North arolina voter ID law struck down

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A federal appeals court (three-judge panel of the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals) found that voter ID laws disproportionately negatively affected the turn out of African American citizens. The 2013 law had required voters to show a photo ID (unless the voters had signed an affidavit that said that they had "reasonable impediment" that didn't allow them to get ID..'reasonable impediment' however is a vague term), cut early voting time by a week, does not allow  voters to register and vote on the same day, and does not allow North Carolina residents to vote outside their precinct. The court struck down the state’s voter ID requirements, allowed voters to register and vote on the same day, allowed citizens to register before reaching age 18, and to cast ballots before election day, and counted ballots of people who accidentally voted at the wrong polling stations as valid. The court's decision didn't allow the 2013 law to continue existing and therefore kept our government stable.

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Popular Sovereignty (Dynamic): 19th amendment  

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Popular Sovereignty (Dynamic): 19th amendment  

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The 19th amendment was passed through congress in 1919 and ratified on 1920. Before this amendment women did not have the right to vote (as well as other rights), in response to this the women's suffrage movement formed in 1848. In 1878 women's suffrage groups gained enough influence to lobby influence to lobby for a constitutional amendment however their proposal was defeated in 1886. Then in In 1918, President Wilson switched his stance and supported women's right to vote. Despite this support the new amendment that was proposed failed by two senate votes. Two years later however, another proposal passed through congress, achieved the two thirds required, and gave women voting rights. This amendment kept our government dynamic by expanding popular sovereignty to include women.

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Federalism (stable): United States v.s Lopez

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Federalism (stable): United States v.s Lopez

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12th grader Alfonzo Lopez brought a concealed weapon to his high school in San Antonio, Texas. Lopez was charged with violation of the federal Gun Free School Zones Act of 1990. Lopez argued that the federal government didn't have the authority to regulate firearms in school zones. The government in turn argued that because a the presence of a firearm on a school zone would lead to violent crime, and would thereby effect economic conditions and therefore fell under the Commerce Clause's jurisdiction .  The government's argument was rejected here on the basis that it would expand the commerce clause beyond its original intentions of regulating interstate and intentional commerce. The decision of whether  a gun would be allowed on a school zone would be left to the state. This is an example of the stability of the constitution because it keeps division between state and government powers.

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On this side of the padlet I will address that while the constitution establishes dynamic government it also establishes a stable government capable of preventing changes that may come too fast.

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On this side of the padlet I will address how the constitution establishes a dynamic government capable of changing to fulfill the needs of the time.