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A frequency spectrum is a graph that shows the amplitudes of different  frequencies  present in sound. Amplitude or loudness, is represented on the y-axis, and frequency is shown on the x-axis. a somogram shows on the verlical axis and time on the horizontal axis. The loudness is shown by a color range.

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Three examples of mechanical waves are sound waves, slinky waves and water waves. Mechanical waves differ from electromagnetic waves because the energy is transferred through another medium, such as the metal in a slinky, rather than through a vacuum, such as light through outer space. A "wave" produced by an audience at a stadium is an example of a mechanical wave because the wave requires fans to exert mechanical energy by rising and sitting. The waves that move in the ocean occur because the particles that compose the water undergo motion.

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the wavelength  of sound in air can be compared  to the size of everyday objects. as with other waves, the wavelength  of a sound is inversely related to its frequency.  different in sound are due to differences in both frequency and wavelength.

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A sound wave is similar in nature to a slinky wave for a variety of reasons. First, there is a medium that carries the disturbance from one location to another. Typically, this medium is air, though it could be any material such as water or steel. The medium is simply a series of interconnected and interacting particles. Second, there is an original source of the wave, some vibrating object capable of disturbing the first particle of the medium. The disturbance could be created by the vibrating vocal cords of a person, the vibrating string and soundboard of a guitar or violin, the vibrating tines of a tuning fork, or the vibrating diaphragm of a radio speaker. Third, the sound wave is transported from one location to another by means of particle-to-particle interaction. If the sound wave is moving through air, then as one air particle is displaced from its equilibrium position, it exerts a push or pull on its nearest neighbors, causing them to be displaced from their equilibrium position.

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This is the energy that will then be transferred by the wave. How you provide this energy depends on the medium and type of wave. For example, you could drop a stone into some water to create a water wave. You could also speak loudly to create a sound wave, or you might shake a Slinky up and down to create a wave in the Slinky. But either way, the energy you expend to do the action is what creates the wave and gives it the energy to transfer.

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A mechanical wave is a wave that is a vibration in matter, transferring energy through a material. Not all waves are like this. For example, electromagnetic waves such as visible light are not mechanical because they can travel through the vacuum of space to reach us from the sun. Mechanical waves include water waves, sound waves, earthquake waves, and many more. Like all waves, those of the mechanical variety have peaks (or crests) and troughs. They also have a frequency, which is the number of waves that pass by per second, and a wavelength, which is the distance from one peak to the next, or one trough to the next. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position.