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A movement, or groups of different reform movements, that took place at the turn of the 20th century until WWI directly caused by industrialization and urbanization.

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The personification of a feminine ideal as portrayed in the satirical pen-and-ink-illustrated stories created by illustrator Charles Dana Gibson during a 20-year period spanning the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in the United States.

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A group of railroad workers on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad rose up and began to strike due to wage cuts. This spread up and down the railroad line across the nation. Railroad roadhouse were torched. President Rutherford B. Hayes sent in troops to stop the strike. 100 people died in the strike.

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This radical union aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution and led several major strikes.

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Loose alliance of national craft unions calling for higher wages, shorter hours, and vetter working conditions; established by Samuel Gompers

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Established by Uriah S. Stephens, platform included an 8 hour work day and abolition of child labor; taken over by Powderly.

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Banker who took control of railroad industry through cutting fixed costs, eliminating competition and rebates, and establishing a "voting trust".

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Created the Standard Oil Company through the use of trusts/horizontal integration, vertical integration, hiring scientists, and being thorough and ruthless.

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A Scottish immigrant who grew to monopolize the steel industry through vertical integration, but eventually sold out to JP Morgan.

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Owned New York Central Railroad

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Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages.

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Monopolies, Trust, and holding companies  

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Monopolies, Trust, and holding companies  

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Monopoly

When a single company achieves control of an entire market. Trusts

A legal concept that allows one person, called a trustee, to manage another person's property.Holding Company

A company that owns the stock of companies that produce goods, but doesn't actually produce anything itself.

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Vertical Integration

A single company owns and controls the entire process from raw materials to the maufacture and sale of the finished product.
Horizontal Integration

The combining of many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation.

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This was a belief held by many that stated that the rich were rich and the poor were poor due to natural selection in society. This was the basis of many people who promoted a laissez fairee style of economy.

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government keep hands off business and according to some, help guide business along the path to profits.

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government keep hands off business and according to some, help guide business along the path to profits.

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882, halted Chinese immigration to America; Started when people of the West Coast attributed declining wages and economic troubles to the hated Chinese workers

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A famous caricaturist and editorial cartoonist in the 19th century and is considered to be the father of American political cartooning. His artwork was primarily based on political corruption. He helped people realize the corruption of some politicians

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Tammany Hall, Williams " Boss" Tweed and George W. Plunkitt

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Tammany Hall, Williams " Boss" Tweed and George W. Plunkitt

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Founded by anti-federalist William Mooney, it is the name for the New York Democratic party machine. It gained a great reputation for its corrupt practices, and was opposed by reform groups. It began to gain power with the rise of Boss Tweed in 1868. Its leader, Alfred E. Smith, ran for president of the United States.He was an important figure in New York's political machine, the Tammany Society.

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A movement designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominate culture. This social movement was sponsored by the government and concerned citizens.

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urban areas, within which culturally distinct minority communities maintain ways of life largely separate from those of the generally larger communities that surround them.

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A journalist, photographer, and reformer, Jacob August Riis publicized the plight of immigrants in New York City slum tenements. His photographs, articles, and books focused on the squalid living conditions of the city's poor and spurred legislation to improve those conditions.

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Name given to African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880 because of racial oppression and rumors of the reinstitution of slavery.

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After Reconstruction, the South became extremely Democratic. Once they gained control, the Democrats cut back expenses, wiped out social programs, lowered taxes, and limited the rights of tenants and sharecroppers. These white southerners remained a major force in national politics

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was the federal legislation that created a system in which federal employees were chosen based upon competitive exams.

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FRACTION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY; led by James G Blaine; favored reform; against patronage

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FRACTION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY; led by Roscoe Conkling; favored machine politics; support patronage

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The time of economic growth, the second industrial revolution, urbanization, immigration, and political/economic corruption.

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An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households.

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The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the west, beginning in the 1850s and ending with the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.

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A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux.

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towns that did not have railroads going through them; attracted little business.

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Towns that would pop up near mining areas that was practically built over night. It started out with some men looking for gold.

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it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west, A railroad that stretches across a continent from coast to coast. The Transcontinental Railroad made it so that it was easier to for mail and goods to travel faster and cheaper.