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Levers

Levers are used to apply force. They consist of a pivot point (fulcrum), the point about which the lever rotates. A load, the force applied by the lever system. Effort, the force applied by the user of lever system. Levers help apply force using less effort and also move load with greater speed. The amount of leverage someone has varies depending on the length of their lever e.g arms and legs. There are three types of levers in the body, first class, second class and third class, the most common of those being the third class lever. A third class lever is where the effort is in the middle and the fulcrum is on either side. The fulcrum in the body is the joint, the effort comes from the muscles that produce the force and the load is the object that we are trying to move.

Long levers

The longer the lever the greater the speed generated at the end of the lever and therefore the more force applied because you have more time to gain speed which = greater range of motion. E.g fast bowler cricket.

Short levers

Short levers can move with less force but will get to the end result quicker. This is beneficial for moving body parts quickly and applying strength for pushing, pulling and lifting object. E.g Halfback rugby.

Example

In the execution phase of the forehand the fulcrum or the main joints are the elbow and the knees, the effort is coming from the biceps, triceps, quadriceps and hamstrings and the load is the tennis ball. The advantages of having longer levers is that they have a greater range of motion to travel through and more time to gain more speed, therefore, producing more force on the load. The difference between longer levers and shorter levers is that short levers tend to create less force, as they go through a smaller range of motion meaning less time to gain speed resulting in a loss of power. On the other hand, the advantages of having short levers is that they get to the end result quicker, this is beneficial for moving body parts quickly and applying strength for pushing, pulling and lifting an object. E.g Halfback rugby, weight lifting. Levers are applied to the performance of the forehand shot in tennis. In tennis it is more of an advantages of having longer levers. This is because the longer the lever the greater the speed generated at the end of the lever, therefore the more force applied because you have more time to gain speed which means you go through your greater range of motion. This is an advantage as the ball will the past net with more power giving your opposition less of chance in returning the ball.