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Citing Reference in Text_from Academic Writer

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Citing Reference in Text_from Academic Writer

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HIGHLY RECOMMENDED! This brief series of videos (each around 2 minutes long) from APA guides authors through the basic formats for APA citations and references.

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You can download this template, which is used for writing assignments in FNU courses.  It contains the elements of an APA 6th formatted papers (running head, title page, headings and subheadings, references, etc. After the file is downloaded, authors can overwrite the sample sections with their own content.

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Group Names as Authors: How to Cite and Format References

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Group Names as Authors: How to Cite and Format References

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This sheet describes rules and gives examples of citing a group or organization name (with or without an abbreviation) or formatting the name in a reference.

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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Interview and Permission to Reprint Photograph_How to Cite

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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Images from Electronic Sources_Copyright Issues and How to Cite

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Images from Electronic Sources_Copyright Issues and How to Cite

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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A DOI (document object identifier) Primer

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A DOI (document object identifier) Primer

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Defines DOIs and describes how to find and use  DOIs in references (from APA Style Blog). Additional links from this page to related DOI blog entries.

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by Chelsea Lee

As Anne noted last Thursday, this week we'll be featuring a series of posts on DOIs and URLs. Today's post is an introduction to DOIs.

What is a DOI?

A DOI, or digital object identifier, is like a social security number for a document online. It's a unique and permanent identifier that will take you straight to a document no matter where it's located on the Internet. You can read more about DOIs on pp. 188-192 of the 6th edition of the Publication Manual as well as in our FAQ on DOIs. They figure prominently in the 6th edition reference citation style.
How do I get from a DOI to an article?
You can Google a DOI to find an article, although you may still have to sift through search results. To go straight to the source, you can also consult a DOI resolver, such as the one supplied by CrossRef.org. Copy and paste the alphanumeric DOI string (e.g., 10.1037/a0015859) into the DOI resolver and click submit. Or, you can append the DOI string to http://dx.doi.org/ (as in http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015859) and copy that straight into your browser's address bar.
When do I include DOIs in my references?
If your reference has a DOI, include that DOI.
How do I find DOIs?
In best publishing practices, the DOI should be listed prominently on the first page of an article, whether in print or online. If you're working online, copy and paste it into your reference list, to avoid transcription errors. Do not alter the alphanumeric DOI string in any way.

To search for DOIs, use CrossRef. The free DOI lookup searches for DOIs using information such as article title, authors, and publisher information. Or cut and paste your entire reference list into the Simple Text Query form and CrossRef will return all available DOIs at once.

What do I do about DOIs if I read something in print?

If you do not find DOIs for the printed materials that you read, then you do not have to include anything further. You're done! (Note that many books that exist only in print form are not likely to have DOIs at this time.) When you've read something in print form and no DOI exists, simply follow the reference format for print materials.
What's next?
Check back to the blog tomorrow, when I will be sharing a flowchart I have created that explains when to include DOIs or URLs in references, including references retrieved from a subscription database.

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APA Style 6th Edition Blog: A DOI Primer

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by Chelsea Lee As Anne noted last Thursday, this week we'll be featuring a series of posts on DOIs and URLs. Today's post is an introduction to DOIs. What is a DOI? A DOI, or digital object identifier, is like...

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This displays examples of correctly formatted Dynamed citations and references.

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APA Style Guide to Electronic References

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APA Style Guide to Electronic References

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This publication offers instructions and examples for electronic references.
A license to this resource is supported by our FNU Library.

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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Writing Website In-Text Citations and References - from APA Style Blog

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Writing Website In-Text Citations and References - from APA Style Blog

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This site offers expert guidance on documenting online sources as citations and references.

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I found a very useful website and cited a lot of information from it in my paper. But how do I write an in-text citation for content I found on a website ? Do I just put the URL in the sentence where I cite the information?
Dear Wallace,

This is a tricky question, but we can help! The short answer is that in most cases no, you do not put the URL in the text of the paper. In fact, the only time you would put a URL in the text would be to simply mention a website in passing. Because you're citing specific information, you will need to write a regular APA Style author-date citation. Luckily, writing the in-text citation for a website or webpage is easy: Simply include the author and year of publication. The URL goes in the corresponding reference list entry (and yes, you can leave the links live).

In-text citation:

The American Nurses Association (2006) issued a position statement insisting that pharmaceutical companies immediately cease using thimerosal as a vaccine preservative.

Note that the title of the website or webpage should be italicized in the reference list if the work on the page stands alone but not italicized if it is part of a greater whole (if this is ambiguous on the source, just choose what you think makes the most sense for the situation). In deciding how to categorize material on a website for a reference, it may be helpful to consider whether what is on the website is similar to an existing category of document type -for example, this reference is a position statement, which is similar to a press release, white paper, or report; hence the italic title. To clarify the document type, you can also specify the format in brackets after the title.

Determining Website Authors

It can be confusing to determine who the author of a website or webpage is. Often, the author is a group or agency rather than a particular individual. For example, the author of the position statement cited above is the American Nurses Association. If the website or webpage truly does not have an author, substitute the title of the page for the author in the in-text citation and reference list entry (see this post on missing reference pieces for examples of how to do this).

Determining Website Dates

A second source of confusion is that many websites or webpages do not include publication dates. If no date of publication is provided, use the letters n.d. (which stand for "no date"). The copyright date on the website itself should not be used as the publication date for particular content on that site.

If multiple dates are provided, use the most recent date on which the content was changed. For example, if the site says the content was first published in 2010 and last updated on August 6, 2016, then use the date 2016 in the in-text citation and reference list. However, if the site says it was first published in 2010 and last reviewed in July 2016, then use the date 2010 because a review does not imply that any information was changed.

Multiple Website Citations

If you use information from multiple pages on a website, create a separate reference list entry for each page, with in-text citations that correspond to the appropriate reference list entry. It is common for writers to have multiple entries with the same author and year, so to differentiate these entries, use a letter after the year (e.g., 2016a) or after n.d. (e.g., n.d.-a; more examples here), assigning the letter by putting the references in alphabetical order by title in the reference list. Put references with no date before references with dates, and put in-press references last.

In text, you can cite these references separately as usual (e.g., American Nurses Association, 1991b), or you can combine citations with the same author if desired. Simply state the author once and then provide the years of the applicable references in chronological order, separated by commas.

Combined in-text citations:

American Nurses Association (n.d., 1991a, 1991b, 2015)

(American Nurses Association, n.d., 1991a, 1991b, 2015)

Do you have more questions about how to create in-text citations for content from websites or webpages? Leave a comment below.

Cheers!

-Chelsea Lee

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APA Style 6th Edition Blog: Writing Website In-Text Citations and References

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Dear Style Expert, I found a very useful website and cited a lot of information from it in my paper. But how do I write an in-text citation for content I found on a website? Do I just put the...

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Crediting Sources in Text - APA Style Central Tutorial

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Crediting Sources in Text - APA Style Central Tutorial

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This tutorial presented in a brief video introduces the viewer to basic citation and reference format and standards.

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This document gives resources and lists examples to guide with styling citations and references for websites.

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One source cited repeatedly in a  paragraph

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One source cited repeatedly in a  paragraph

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This describes how to cite one source repeatedly mentioned within one paragraph. Examples shows how to enter repeated citations for one source, and where it is acceptable to not cite. A link to the APA Style Blog shows examples of repeated citations for a single source.

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Images from a Print Publication_How to cite

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Images from a Print Publication_How to cite

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This EBSCOhost site describes elements of a reference for a reprinted image and shows examples in various styles, including APA 6th.

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Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA 6th Site

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Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA 6th Site

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This OWL site is a portal to their resources for APA topics, both how to style (construct) a document, and how to use APA reference style. Tip: The left navigation bar has links to examples of various types of references.

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We are a globally renowned resource that provides assistance with English to students, teachers, professionals, and organizations across the world. Our goal is to assist clients in their development as writers - no matter their skill level.

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Purdue OWL® - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University

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We are a globally renowned resource that provides assistance with English to students, teachers, professionals, and organizations across the world. Our goal is to assist clients in their development as writers - no matter their skill level.

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University of MD APA Citations: The Basics

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University of MD APA Citations: The Basics

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This video has examples of how to introduce in-text citations for your source and the basics (with examples) of different types of references. The handout (PDF) that associates with this video is available here: https://www.umaryland.edu/media/umb/oaa/campus-life/writing-center/documents/APA-Citations.pdf

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This site shows examples of many types of references, for instance, how to cite a Facebook page, photo, data set, mobile application software, a web page, or a video podcast.