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11/10 I can understand the 5 schedules of reinforcements

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11/10 I can understand the 5 schedules of reinforcements

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Fixed Interval: skittles given based off of time
Fixed Ratio: Skittles given every 2 guesses
Variable Interval: skittles given at random times
Variable Ratio: skittles given after random amounts of guesses
Continuous: skittles given after every guess
-depending on the type of reinforcement, a subject ends up becoming conditioned to expect the stimulus depending on their type of reinforcement

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11/9 I can understand BANDURA and SELIGMAN

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11/9 I can understand BANDURA and SELIGMAN

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SELIGMAN
Purpose
-support the theory that perceptions of power and control are learned from experience
-learned helplessness
Procedure
-escape dog could press panel to escape shocks, non escape dogs could not
Results
-many of the dogs did not try to escape after time
-all of the escape dogs got out
Ethical Guidelines
-unethical
Relevance
-began to explain why people become helpless, hopeless. depressed
BANDURA
Bobo Doll Experiment
Purpose
-children would mimic violent and nonviolent role models
-5 groups: control, aggressive male, aggressive female, non aggressive male, non aggressive female
Results
-children exposed to aressions were more likely to imitate poor behavior
-boys more influenced by male models
-boys more physically aggressive than girls
Ethical Guidelines
-not explicitly stated in study that parents were asked for consent
-did not debrief
Relevance
-can predict future behavior
-can correlate to cases having to do with things such as domestic violence
-better understanding for future experiments

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11/4 I can understand PAVLOV research study

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11/4 I can understand PAVLOV research study

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How are conditioned reflexes acquired if you aren't born with them?
-studied poeple's reflexes, phobias, anxiety
-researched salivation and digestion
Procedure
saliva: unconditioned reflex
food: unconditioned stimulus
smell, sound: neutral stimulus
-dogs had incision in cheek to collect saliva
-test metronome, smell of vanila, rotating object, saliva
Results
UCS+NS=CR
-unconditioned stimulus became condiitioned, with the sight of these things the dogs made associations and began salivating
Ethical Guidelines
-ethical
-good lab conditions, not too drastic effect on dog, had clean incisions in cheek
Relevance and Future Research
-research and conditioning on phobias
-condition predators to dislike smell of sheep
-helped explain major part of human behavior and helped to give credit to psych as a true science

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11/3 I can understand WATSON and GARCIA research

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11/3 I can understand WATSON and GARCIA research

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CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION (John Garcia)
-purpose was o see if subject were to continue to eat or repeat an action if they subconsciously know it will effect them negatively
-classical condition
-Lead researcher: Garcia, Ivan Pavlov, JOhn Koeling
Procedure
-rats drank saccharin solution
-X irridation induced into experiment group creating nausea
-control only fed saccharin solutin
-three days later, both groups received saccharin solution
Results
-experimental group associated saccharin solution with nausea, refused to drink solution after they had been sickened by X irridation
-control groups did not associate solution with saccharin so continued to consume it
Ethical
-Not ethical
+rats deliberately made uncomfortable, shocked, made rats feel nauseous by giving the X irradiation
Future Impacts
-after study, psychologists reconsidered innate (instinctive) and acquired (learned) concept of responses to stimuli to idea of "ability to learn certain things can be instinctive"
______________________________________________________________________Aquisition: process of pairing unconditioned stimulus with condistioned stimulus
First Extinction Period
(INCLUDE OTHER 2)
Conditioned Stimulus: what you are trained to be afraid of
Unconditoned Stimulus: something that naturally triggers a response

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11/2 I can understand THORNDIKE and SKINNER'S research study

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11/2 I can understand THORNDIKE and SKINNER'S research study

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THE PUZZLE BOX: OPERANT CONDITIONING (Thorndike)
-work to show the correlation of how humans and animals process
-distinguish how fast an animal learns to do action to escape
+see if there is a gradual increase/decrease in time it took to get response
-had a box with a string, animal would pull to escape
-measure time it took for animal to use box for escape route
-test repeated until time it took to complete task was decrease to constant time
-latent learning: when you don't understand that you learned something until afterward
Results:
-response is gradually strengthened by rewards
-Law of Effect: if response is followed by unpleasant consequence, its connection to situation is weakened, if followed by positive consequence, it is strengthened
-experiment was ethical: good lab conditions, food, water, rewards
Future Impacts
-contributed connections (neural networks) to Psych
+training/incentives
-introduce idea of shaping
+sports drills
B.F. Skinner Operant Chamber
-Skinner box used to study animal behavior
-wanted to show that reinforcement affects behavior
-in the box: there was a response to be made and means of delivering reinforcement
-put rat in box, every time it pressed a lever, rewarded with food
Results
-Rat: what happened after response had a better influence on rate of occurence
-discrimination: stimulus that elicits responses after association with reinforcement (only goes with behavior)
-Pigeon: better subject than rate
-Schedule of Reinforcement: reinforcement made available only part of the time
Fixed Ratio: specific "nth" time rewarded
-experiment was entirely ethical
-study has helped in child development, mentally disabled/disturbed developed, brain damaged people development

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I wish I could change my nephew's loudness when he plays Xbox

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I wish I could change my nephew's loudness when he plays Xbox

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I would ask my nephew to be quiet while hes playing and if he stays quiet for 30 mins I would give him candy. I could repeat this every 30 mins.

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-when reinforcing behavior you need to tell subject why they are being positively reinforced
4 METHODS OF LEARNING
1. Trial and Error
2. Operant Conditioning
-behaviors have consequences
3. Classical Conditioning
-associative learning
4. Observational Learning (Modeling)
Positive Punishment: adding something bad (addition)
-decreases behavior
Negative Punishment: taking something away (subtraction)
-decreases behavior
Positive Reinforcement: adding something for doing something well
-increases behavior
Negative Reinforcement: taking something away for good behavior