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Many many years ago, my parents adopted my older sister from China. They had to do many things to actually get her and one requirement was to complete an infant CPR class. Both my mother and father registered for this special class through a local hospital. They each received a small specialty "dummy" doll and they were instructed on how to preform CPR on it. The first step that they learned was to check if the child/infant was responsive. Then, they would hold their index and middle fingers and give 30 compressions to the infant/doll. The next step was to open the airway and give two rescue breaths to the infant/doll. Upon the completion of the course (and tons of other requirements and paperwork), they felt more prepared to bring an infant home. They did not, however, repeat the course before they had me.

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CPR is a lifesaving technique that is useful in many emergencies. CPR stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. “The American Heart Association recommends that everyone — untrained bystanders and medical personnel alike — begin CPR with chest compressions” (Excerpt From: “Health Care Services” v1.0. iBooks).  If one is untrained, one should provide hands-only CPR. This means that one should give uninterrupted chest compressions of about 100 a minute until medical services arrive. If one is trained in CPR, one should start with 30 chest compressions and then check the airway and give rescue breaths. Before one starts CPR, check if the person is conscious. If not, shake their shoulder and see if they are responsive. An acronym to help people remember the order to preform the steps of CPR is: C-A-B. C-A-B stands for: compressions, airway, and breathing. For Compressions: one should lie the person on their back on a firm surface. Then place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest and place your other hand on top of the first hand. One should keep their elbows straight and their shoulders directly above their hands. Then, “Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of about 100 compressions a minute.” (Excerpt From: “Health Care Services” v1.0. iBooks). For Airway: if one is trained in CPR and preformed 30 chest compressions, open the person's airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Then put one's palm on the person's forehead and gently tilt the head back. After the head is tilted back, check for normal breathing. If the person isn't breathing normally and one is trained in CPR, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. For Breathing: one can either use mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose. Mouth-to-nose would be necessary if the mouth is severely injured. “With the airway open, pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal.” (Excerpt From: “Health Care Services” v1.0. iBooks). Give one rescue breath that lasts one second then wait to see if the chest rises. If the chest rises, give the second rescue breath. If the chest does not rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and give the second breath. Thirty chest compressions and two rescue breaths are considered one cycle of  CPR.